Aquatic insects that emerge out of streams to mate represent a potential energy
flux to terrestrial food webs. The relative success of an individual aquatic adult insect
is whether it survives long enough to produce offspring, i.e. mate and return to the
stream to oviposit eggs. Some characteristics of the...
North America, with over 400 species of Astragalus (Fabaceae), is one of three major centers of diversity, all of which comprise the majority of the nearly 1750 species of Astragalus worldwide. One of the most diverse species, Astragalus lentiginosus of Section Diphysi, is a polymorphic complex of over 40 varieties,...
Astragalus oniciformis Barneby is a xerophyte of the sagebrush deserts of central Idaho. It is a narrow endemic of the upper Snake River Plains where it inhabits stabilized, aeolian sand deposits over Quaternary basalt flows. The objective of this study was to determine the levels and distribution of genetic differentiation...
The Alexander polynomial is a well understood classical knot invariant with interesting symmetry properties and recent applications in knot Floer homology. There are many different ways to compute the Alexander polynomial, some involving algebraic techniques and others more geometric or combinatorial approaches. This is an interesting example of how different...
Pactamycin, a complex aminocyclitol compound produced by Streptomyces pactum, has significant antibiotic, antitumor, and antiplasmodial activity. However, this natural product has not been developed for clinical use due to its high cytotoxicity. Modulation of its biological properties by chemical synthesis has been difficult due to its complex chemical structure. Therefore,...
Full Text:
Biosynthesis
Andrew Osborn
Research Mentors: Dr. Taifo Mahmud, Dr. Kerry McPhail
A Bioresource
The perception of a long-term cost advantage of synthetic infill turf systems relative to natural grass systems has contributed to a rise in their popularity in the USA. However, few comprehensive cost assessments of natural grass and synthetic infill systems exist. There are also no studies looking at interactions between...
Each year thousands of college graduates enter the business world armed with skills accumulated as student leaders, but how applicable are these skills to the business world? While there are many studies on learnable behaviors associated with effective student leadership and many studies on behaviors associated with effective business leadership,...
The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all
carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken....
Forty-nine genera and ninty-eight species of Lichenized fungi are reported from the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon). Substrates, growth form, and type of phycobiont are indicated for each taxon.
The H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the Cascades of
central Oregon provides a unique opportunity to study spatial
climate patterns on a relatively small scale. Historical
records at the 64 square-kilometer site provide a spatiallydense
30-year dataset. Thermal regimes at the H. J. Andrews
are generally known but the...
Chitosan based hemorrhage control dressings provide effective external hemorrhage control while having few side effects. Known residual contaminants present in chitosan formulations include endotoxins and proteins known to stimulate gene expression in the liver. This study investigated gene expression in the liver using rat bio-compatibility models to gain knowledge regarding...
Full Text:
Based Hemostatic Control Patch in Rat Models
By
AndrewJ. Colburn
A thesis submitted to
Oregon
Chitosan based hemorrhage control dressings provide effective external hemorrhage control while having few side effects. Known residual contaminants present in chitosan formulations include endotoxins and proteins known to stimulate gene expression in the liver. This study investigated gene expression in the liver using rat bio-compatibility models to gain knowledge regarding...
Full Text:
Subcutaneous Chitosan Patch Formulations
Andrew Colburn1, Leslie Dyal, Ph.D.2 and John Mata Ph.D.2
Oregon
This work is a representation of my competencies, experiences, reflections and learning through
the College Student Services Administration Master’s of Education program at Oregon State
University. This paper consists of both research and reflective writing and demonstrates in-depth
my learning and development over the past two years in the College...
This thesis describes calculations done to determine the radiation hazard of the current Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) scattering chamber at the Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) and compare it to the amount that would be given off by a new thin-walled chamber design. These calculations were completed with...
Shrews previously recognized as Sorex monticolus were classified
into two species (one with 14 subspecies, the other monotypic) on
the basis of a morphometric analysis of 3610 individuals from
throughout their range. Sorex m. neomexicanus has been recognized
previously as a subspecies of Sorex monticolus but is recognized
herein as...
Influences of tidal and slower (subtidal) oceanic flows over the continental shelf and slope off Oregon are studied using a high-resolution ocean circulation model and comparative model-data analyses. The model is based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a fully nonlinear, three-dimensional model (using hydrostatic and Boussinesq approximations). The...
Rising human populations and climate change are putting increasing demands on our already-limited freshwater sources. In response to these concerns, homeowners and municipalities have been encouraged to replace turfgrass – a plant with relatively high irrigation needs – with drought-tolerant plants that do not require frequent irrigation. However, the many...
The physical controls of snowmelt in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are poorly
understood. While there have been numerous field and modeling investigations at the
plot and watershed scale, few studies have identified how the snow energy balance
(EB) components vary in importance both spatially and temporally. The identification
of how...
A simulation method using a hybrid computer is developed in
this dissertation to enhance the study of wind-driven ocean circulation.
The simulation is based on the mathematical model developed by
Ekman. Pure digital simulation is not economical due to excessive
computer time required for the solution of the partial differential...
Pactamycin, a complex aminocyclitol compound produced by Streptomyces pactum, has significant antibiotic, antitumor, and antiplasmodial activity. However, this natural product has not been developed for clinical use due to its high cytotoxicity. Modulation of its biological properties by chemical synthesis has been difficult due to its complex chemical structure. Therefore,...
Full Text:
By
Andrew Osborn
An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to
Oregon State University
Populations of mites and.nematodes were monitored on Watershed 10, H. J.
Andrews Forest. A minimum of 50 families and 60 genera of mites are
present, the majority being Cryptostgmata. Population estimates vary
from 5000-350,000 per square meter. Nine categories of nematodes are
present, most belonging to the saprozoic, dorylaimoid, aquatic...
This report lists 98 microfungi found in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Lane County, Oregon, between June 1970 and
August 1972. The taxonomic treatments of the Ascomycetes and the Fungi Imperfecti in general follow Dennis (1968) and Barnett (1960), respectively. Specimens are deposited in the herbarium at Oregon State...
Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome program It was recognized that experimental watersheds 2 and 3 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome
program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary background ecological...
Measurement of plant moisture stress of 1-2 m understory conifers
was made in "reference stands" on the H. J. Andrews Experimental
Forest in 1970-1972. Maximum stress each year (measured between midnight
and dawn) is closely correlated with the position of each community
along one axis of an ordination of the...
Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome research program, it was recognized that Experimental Watersheds 6, 7, and 8 in the
H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary...
Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has
been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J.
Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping
of vegetation into 7 plant communities and then into 4 habitat
types has also been completed....
Abstract
Understanding the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems requires exploration of the relationships of different components of the system, such as the response of biota to local hydrology, temperature, precipitation, and elevation. The Long-term Ecological Research Program at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, located in the Western...
The objective of this study was to examine the life history of
vine maple on the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This study was
conducted as a part of an I. B. P. general study of understory biomass
and productivity. The specific objectives were to 1) estimate the
contribution of...
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EmF) form symbioses with trees. These symbioses profoundly influence forest ecology. Certain EmF form specialized profusions of hyphae, known as ectomycorrhizal fungal mats (mats) which are visible to the naked eye, alter forest soil biogeochemistry, substantially contribute to soil microbial biomass/respiration and support unique microbial communities. Piloderma and...
Why do rural households leave for urban places? And how does this
decision affect their economic well-being? Rural places in the United States have higher poverty and unemployment rates and lower levels of educational attainment relative to urban places. Does leaving a rural place for a city offer a pathway...
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi of the genera Piloderma and Ramaria form dense hyphal mats in the organic and upper mineral soil layers, respectively, in coniferous forest floors of the Pacific Northwest. Previous studies have determined that fungal mats change the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil within. Little information...
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Peter J. Bottomley
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi of the genera Piloderma and Ramaria form
The shallow water benthic habitat of the SW Beaufort Sea is frequently
gouged by the keels of ice pressure ridges. This natural physical
disturbance was hypothesized to be an important factor affecting the
structure of the benthic community. Smith-McIntyre grab samples were
taken from three discrete gouge axes and from...
Streams and rivers play a critical role in global carbon (C) cycling by processing, storing, and transporting C. Headwater streams which make up more than 95% of the length of streams and rivers worldwide have disproportionate influence on fluvial C dynamics. The hyporheic zone (HZ) of headwater streams is a...
Currently, forecasts produced by the Oregon-Washington (OR-WA) Coastal Ocean Forecast System are constrained by assimilation of only surface observations. The 4-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation (DA) algorithm is utilized to combine the model and the data, with the time-independent forecast ("background'') error covariance B. In this study, two possible improvements...
In this thesis, high resolution ocean models are used to evaluate and forecast coastal ocean variability in two different applications. In the first study, the 2-km resolution ocean circulation model for the Eastern Bering Sea is utilized to understand whether slope-interior exchange along the path of the Aleutian North Slope...
This paper develops an equation, from an heuristic set of assumptions,
which describes the axial current, leakage current, resultant
electric field, and resultant earth potential occurring when
a pipeline buried within a resistive earth is subjected to a distributed,
primary, axial, electrostatic field produced from a high-voltage, direct-current (HVDC) power...
In the past two decades, a great amount of attention has been
paid to investigating the economic and safe operation of power
systems using modern mathematical techniques. The classic economic
dispatch problem, now often called the Optimal Power Flow problem,
has been formulated as a mathematical optimization problem and has...
The recently emerged Grapevine Red Botch Virus (GRBV) impedes proper berry ripening primarily by reducing sugar accumulation and color development in red-fruited Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. To date, there is no recommended management strategy for virus spread or the impacts of the disease beyond removal and replacement of infected vines....
In this research, a novel shunt compensation scheme
design procedure is developed for unbalanced, untransposed
n-phase transmission lines. The main function of the
scheme is to reduce the effect of the capacitive coupling
on untransposed transmission lines to levels where successful
single-pole switching is assured. The analysis procedure
is carried...
This is a review paper based on recent literature in the areas
of spherical mirror resonators and optical mode selection. The
Fabry-Perot interferometer with spherical mirrors has been widely
used as a laser resonator. The modes of oscillation, diffraction
losses and resonance condition are determined for the confocal
resonator, i.e....
In this paper a signal-processed antenna and receiver system is
proposed and analyzed. In addition, a simulation of the balanced-mixer portion of the processing system is made on a hybrid computer
to find the bandwidth limitations for the total system. The system
utilizes both the amplitude and phase information of...
The power dissipation of microstrip transmission-line on
gold-doped silicon substrates was investigated. The gold-doping was
applied to a regular n-type silicon substrate with resistivity of 5 to
10 ohm-cm. Insertion-loss tests were employed to measure the
power dissipation of the microstrips. Power dissipation somewhat
less than that for intrinsic silicon...
A Brushless, Doubly Fed Machine (BDFM) attempts to combine the advantages
of conventional induction and synchronous types of electrical machines by its unique
architecture. The validation of BDFM designs in an actual test environment requires the
estimation of the BDFM model parameters from actual experimentation. Accurate values
for the parameters...
The synchronous machine is an essential component of a power
system and determination of its parameters accurately is an
important task in securing adequate modes of operation through
certain control strategies. An estimation technique based on the
Powell algorithm was evaluated for the identification of these
parameters on the basis...
This thesis introduces a Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM), stand-alone
generator system. Development of a BDFM current-forced model, along with the
analysis of air gap power distribution between the two stator windings and the rotor
circuit, pave the way for the characterization and analysis of stand-alone generator
systems.
The main disadvantage...
The exponentially tapered, nonuniform transmission'
line, applied as an impedance transformer, is analyzed and
modified. The analysis develops an expression for the input
reflection coefficient that has the magnitude and phase
as distinct functions. This allows ease in comparing the
approximate and exact solutions and in developing the S-parameters for...
The effect of the mutual inductances between the rotor coils of a synchronous machine on its defined reactances and predicted transients are investigated. Two linearized models of the machine are considered. One uses the Laplace-Transform approach, with minimum number of assumptions on the inter-coil couplings, in developing a model for...
This is a review paper of current literature in the area of
pressure effects on gaseous lasers.
This thesis discusses the mechanisms which relate the relative
power output of the 6328 A[superscript ⁰] neon transition to total and partial pressure
variations of the helium-neon gaseous laser. The operation of
the...
The objective of this thesis is to develop criteria for a data
acquisition system for electrical machinery capable of sampling a
signal every 0.2 msec with a desired accuracy of 0.1%. The system to
be measured includes both AC and DC voltage and current signals from
several points. The main...
Fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and interact with plant communities in mutualistic, pathogenic, and commensal ways. Fungal communities are thought to be influenced by both associated tree communities and soil properties. However, the relative importance of the biotic and abiotic drivers of soil fungal community structure and diversity...
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Frank Andrew Jones
Fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and interact with
Corals provide a diversity of ecosystem services, are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, and directly support ~500 million people globally; however, corals are increasingly experiencing significant threats and are undergoing severe bleaching events as the result of the warming climate. Using a two-year data set surrounding a...
Numerous investigations demonstrate that mantle convective processes such as upwelling affect the surface topography of the overriding plate. The surface expression of mantle flow has been coined ‘transient topography’. Transient topography in the North American plate is thought to result from a mantle thermal anomaly beneath the Yellowstone volcanic center,...
Despite more than two centuries of exploration, including more than six million deep wellbores with depths exceeding 40,000 feet in some parts of the world, our ability to constrain subsurface processes and properties remains limited. Characteristics of the subsurface vary and can be analyzed on a variety of spatial scales....
The climatic and tectonic framework of the St. Elias orogen makes it an excellent place to study the interactions between tectonic processes such as deformation and erosive processes, in particular glacial erosion. One type of link between these processes, proposed by numerical models of orogenic development, is an effect of...
Oregon State University and the City of Corvallis have recently embarked on a three-year series of meetings and forums (‘Collaboration Corvallis’) designed to increase collaboration between the two organizations and other relevant stakeholders as well as find solutions to worsening problems in the areas of parking, noise and student population...
Native America tribes and community members throughout Oregon have asserted a strong opposition to the fossil fuel industry’s attempt to expand railways, build pipelines, and construct refineries, holding facilities, and export terminals. Despite the limited presence of fossil fuel infrastructure in the state, however, the industry is actively pursuing permits...
A total of 23 forest communities have been identified and characterized in a preliminary manner. Data used in formulating the classification had previously been collected on 300 reconnaissance plots located on the
H. J. Andrews Forest and surrounding area. Vegetation classification was facilitated by similarity analysis and stand ordination procedures...
The mechanisms governing short- and long-term belowground carbon dynamics need to be understood. As part of a larger project developed to assess the effect of quantity and quality of litter inputs on the rate of soil organic matter (SOM) formation, I examined SOM in the H. J. Andrews Detritus Input...
Air temperatures at i m and soil temperatures at 2C cm are reported for
twenty-one forest stands in the central Western Cascader of Oregon. Records
began in 1970 for some stands, in 1971 or 1972 for most. Temperature Growth
Index for a stand, based on temperature effects on Douglas-fir seedling...
Population trends and patterns in species distributions are the major currencies used to examine responses by biodiversity to changing environments. Effective conservation recommendations require that models of both distribution dynamics and population trends accurately reflect reality. However, identification of the appropriate temporal and spatial scales of animal response, and then...
Studies in the lower Lookout Creek-Blue River area have revealed a geomorphic history including glaciation and the development of three alluvial surfaces, presently active alluvial cones and older, deeply dissected cone remnants. Results are based on landform mapping, analysis of the types and distributions of surficial sediments, and the
distribution...
A fully illustrated key is presented for identifying genera of oribatid mites known from or suspected of occurring in the Pacific Northwest. The manual includes an introduction detailing sampling methodology; an illustrated glossary of all terminology used; two color plates of all taxa from the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest; a...
Astragalus oniciformis Barneby is a narrow endemic xerophyte of the upper Snake River Plain of central Idaho, USA, where it inhabits stabilized, aeolian sand deposits and previously burned, sandy sites over Quaternary basalt flows. The objective of this study was to determine the levels and distribution of genetic differentiation within...
Recent studies of headwater streams have demonstrated their importance to overall watershed biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and energy flux. However, little attention has been paid to long-term effects of forest harvest on macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams. This study investigated headwater stream macroinvertebrate communities in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon,...
Soft robots are designed to utilize their compliance and contortionistic abilities to both interact safely with their environment and move through it in ways a rigid robot cannot. To more completely achieve this, the robot should be made of as many soft components as possible. Here we present a completely...
My work has focused on streamlining the study of organic compound structure, properties, and reactions by 1) understanding and using available computational software, 2) developing software packages to facilitate data manipulation as well as augment public programs, and 3) applying public and in-house developed software to further the understanding of...
I defend robust realism from arguments that raise epistemological challenges to it based on considerations about either moral disagreement or the genealogy of our moral beliefs. The first argument is the “Argument from Conciliationism,” which contends that the moral disagreements that obtain between moral peers give us reason to believe...
The HyperLogLog (HLL) algorithm is used to estimate the cardinality of large sets. This thesis gives a novel analysis of the HyperLogLog algorithm by using techniques from statistics and probability. Initially, closed form bounds for the mean and variance of the max of n independent and identically distributed geometric random...
The growing need for accurate forest biomass and carbon estimates has sparked a recent re-examination of direct volume estimation and taper modeling techniques. Additionally, the need for increased precision of biomass and carbon estimates drives a need to improve the techniques used to evaluate these models. Taper equations have an...
Previous investigations of glacier dynamics at Tioga Pass during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have produced different conclusions. A map of the LGM ice extent and flow direction (Alpha et al., 1987) illustrates a south-to-north direction of ice flow across the pass with little evidence to support this inference. Since...
Modeling tire-snow interaction is important in designing effective snow tires, which directly affects road safety during wintry weather. Unfortunately, tires have complex tread designs and the physical properties of snow have not been characterized. We employ the Material Point Method (MPM) for simulating a material that mimics the fracturing and...
We do not know how to align a very intelligent AI agent's behavior with human interests. I investigate whether—absent a full solution to this AI alignment problem—we can build smart {\ai} agents which have limited impact on the world, and which do not autonomously seek power. In this thesis, I...
Across the U.S. social activism is on the upsurge, offering possibilities for a revolution against capitalism. However, these possibilities are potentially undermined by entrenched factionalism amongst the left. At root, such in-fighting is fostered by the creation of false dualistic frameworks on the transition out of capitalism and into the...
Airborne Wind Energy System (AWES) are quickly coming to fruition, with increased energy production while reducing the cost of implementation and materials. This thesis develops a new computational model for a tethered AWES and characterizes a new rapid prototyping method with the objective of supporting the design and rapid prototyping...
The aerodynamic performance of an oscillating pitching and plunging foil operating in the energy harvesting mode is investigated. Experiments are conducted in a closed-loop recirculating wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 24,000 to 48,000, and reduced frequencies (k = fc/u) of 0.042 to 0.083. Foil kinematics are varied through the...
This investigation was a two stage study performed in two urban/
rural communities in Washington State. Stage I was an effort to replicate a study performed in an eastern Virginia school district whereby
results were obtained demonstrating that 9th graders and black students
identified teacher warmth behaviors as being important...
Scouringrushes (Equisetum hyemale L.; E. xferrissii Clute; E. laevigatum L.) are ancient perennial seedless vascular plants historically associated with wetlands, low-lying roadsides or field margins with more plant available water. There has been little research conducted on scouringrush species in the context of agricultural production because traditional farming practices confined...
This report describes decomposition studies conducted in the H. J. Andrews
Forest, Oregon in 1973. Changes in weight loss and nutrient content of
leaves, cones, branches, and bark of Douglas-fir and leaves of big-leaf
maple, vine maple, Rhododendron, red alder, sword fern Oregon oak, and
Chinkapin were recorded in a...
Plant-pollinator mutualisms are one of the most prevalent and economically important mutualisms in nature. Like many other ecological systems, plant-pollinator communities are threatened by anthropogenic activity, both directly (e.g., habitat conversion and fragmentation) and indirectly (e.g., climate change). While we are aware of many of the activities that adversely impact...
The collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis, MN in 2007 prompted an investigation into the design and inspection of the steel truss bridges. Further investigation into the collapse revealed that a gusset plate experienced sway buckling, causing the bridge failure. This bridge failure motivated research into the analysis and...
"Explaining Reinforcement Learning to Mere Mortals: An Empirical Study
This is the dataset for replicating our study, which was accepted to IJCAI '19.
We present a user study to investigate the impact of explanations on non-experts’ understanding of reinforcement learning (RL) agents. We investigate both a common RL visualization, saliency...
The atrypid brachiopod Strophatrypa skaflestadi gen. et sp. nov. occurs in unnamed upper Silurian strata exposed near the town of Hoonah on northeast Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska. The new genus represents the first strophic atrypoid with many characters otherwise similar to those of the Atrypidae. Although this genus is known...
This study characterizes the production of hypogeous sporocarps (broadly referred to as truffles) by ectomycorrhizal fungi within Douglas-fir dominated forests that are considered typical of those found on the west slopes of the central Cascade mountains in Oregon. Three aspects of sporocarp production are addressed: 1) the distribution of total...
Analysis of topographic and river morphometric parameters was conducted using digital elevation models (DEMs) and field observations in order to determine the role of variable rock resistance on topographic relief, to examine how spatially and temporally variable rock uplift rates relate to river morphology, and to address the degree to...
The 1994 Northridge and 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes warned Los Angeles residents of the threat of earthquakes due to unmapped, blind reverse faults and emphasized the importance of identifying and characterizing blind reverse faults in assessing the seismic hazard to the region. The East and West Coyote Hills in the...
The purpose of this study was to better understand the historical development of the British Columbia (B.C.) community college, university college, and institute system with the focus on the changing nature of voluntary inter-institutional collaboration in relation to provincial coordination. The study also examined the related themes of centralization and...
The Timber Resource Inventory Model (TRIM) is a computer
model used by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service in assessing the
state of the Nation's forest resources and the forests'
probable future conditions. TRIM is a yield table
projection system designed and developed to model forest
inventory changes over time in response...
As Si MOS approaches its maximum limits in speed and bandwidth, new
devices are desired to meet the needs of high speed communications and signal
processing. A device that exhibits superior performance to Si MOS, BJT, and
GaAs technology is the HEMT (high electron mobility transistor).
The HEMT offers superior...
Immersion energies of atoms in a jellium environment were calculated using density functional theory and the Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. It was found that the KS scheme does not destroy an existing axial symmetry of the electron structure of the impurity atom. The definition of phase shifts was extended to those...
Symbiotic relationships of bacteria with higher organisms are
commonly observed in nature; however, the functional role of these
relationships is only rarely understood. This is particularly evident in
epibiotic bacterial associations in the marine environment where the bacteria
are often a diverse ensemble of microorganisms, thus complicating the
identification of...
The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between parental attitudes and student
attitudes toward the consumption of alcoholic beverages,
between parental attitudes toward the consumption of
alcoholic beverages and the reasons students drink alcoholic
beverages, and between parental attitudes toward the
consumption of alcoholic beverages and the...
The Duzel Rock area includes four square miles in the eastern
Paleozoic subprovince of the Klamath Mountains southeast of Fort
Jones, California. The structurally complex terraine is composed
of Silurian graywacke, post-Silurian phyllite, limestone and basalt
associations, and minor andesitic intrusive rocks.
Three groups of sedimentary and extrusive rocks have...
Ceratonova shasta is a myxozoan fish parasite that impacts hatchery and wild populations of salmon and trout in the Pacific Northwest. Levels of the parasite in river water can be effectively monitored through direct filtration of parasite spores from water, extraction of total "environmental DNA" (eDNA), then quantitative polymerase chain...