Shallow lakes exist in either a clear or turbid state, with the clear state characterized by an abundance of aquatic macrophytes, diverse aquatic biota, low water column nutrients and phytoplankton biomass, whereas the turbid state is characterized by the opposite. These two distinct states are maintained by reinforcing (positive) feedback...
The purpose of the investigation was to develop a profile of characteristics, perceptions and expectations of high school students involved in the Washington Tech Prep in Agriculture Statewide Articulation Program (TPAG). The investigation involved nine individual interviews, the responses of 165 students to a forced response survey instrument, and a...
Large wood has been utilized in many restoration projects to improve in-stream habitat in the Pacific Northwest for salmon. However, the benefits of this practice remain the subject of ongoing debate and evaluation of these projects has scarcely been done for non-salmonid species such as lamprey. In this study we...
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Jason B. Dunham
Large wood has been utilized in many restoration projects to improve in
Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as either larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. Variability in age and size of males at maturity is hypothesized to be preceded by early differences in growth in size and lipid storage. Water...
Streams across the world are highly fragmented due to the presence of in-stream barriers (e.g., dams and stream-road crossings), many of which restrict or block fish passage. Retrofitting or replacing these structures is a high priority for restoring habitat connectivity for native fishes and other aquatic organisms in the Pacific...
The primary purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for
planning a preservice preparation program which would encompass the
critical issues in community college teacher education identified in
the related literature and by national and state authorities. The
secondary purpose was to suggest a plan for a community college...
The purpose of this study was to produce data and information that inform California
Community College decision-makers of: (a) extent of variance in California's associate
degree definitions and graduation requirements, and (b) perceptions of curricular leaders
regarding the variances. Associate degree definitions and graduation requirements were
compiled and analyzed from...
This study investigated variation in xylem anatomy, hydraulic properties, and the relationship between anatomy and properties within Douglas-fir trees at multiple scales. The hierarchical scales in the study included fertilization treatments (fertilized and unfertilized), trees within the treatments, and positions within the trees. Tracheid diameter, tracheid length, percent latewood, number...
This study investigated variation in xylem anatomy, hydraulic properties, and the relationship between anatomy and properties within Douglas-fir trees at multiple scales. The hierarchical scales in the study included fertilization treatments (fertilized and unfertilized), trees within the treatments, and positions within the trees. Tracheid diameter, tracheid length, percent latewood, number...
This thesis is a collection of six essays with interconnecting elements and themes. Two overriding themes which pervade the collection are the search for spiritual wholeness and the relationships between humans and their environments. The essays document my recent explorations of and experimentations with the "creative nonfiction" genre. have worked...
Wildlife managers often use species distribution models (SDMs) as an initial tool in conservation planning. Managers and researchers have made efforts to model the habitat and distribution of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) across their historic range since the species was proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 2003)....
Partial migration is a common migratory behavior where some individuals in a population migrate and others do not. Patterns of partial migration can vary dramatically, especially for species that inhabit a wide range of environments. I described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead...
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Jason B. Dunham
Partial migration is a common migratory behavior where some individuals
The goal of my dissertation was to explore how scale influences stream restoration prioritization strategies for an anadromous species and identify influential uncertainties that exist at different scales. My objectives were to (1) produce a comprehensive review of the Chinook salmon management challenges in California’s Central Valley and identify the...
The relationship between fire and wildlife habitat is complex. Fires can create favorable conditions for some species and simultaneously extirpate entire populations of other species. Red-tailed hawks choose nesting habitats according to resources available. Natural disturbances such as wildfires change the availability of those resources. In late 2018, the Woolsey...
As the frequency and intensity of wildfires continue to occur in the West, so does the need for measures intended to improve firefighter safety; public safety; and the protection of property, resources, and wildlife. Furthermore, as human activity in the expanding Wildland Urban Interface increases, so does the need for...
More than 1500 species of plants and animals in the United States are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The U.S. Departments of Interior and Commerce are required, under Section 4(f)(1) of the ESA, to develop recovery plans for ESA-listed species under the respective agency...
Community colleges have long been thought of as the "people's
college." For some thirty years, Oregonians have looked to their 16 community
colleges as the less expensive, more accessible route to a college education.
Oregon's community colleges have traditionally had the broad mission of
providing comprehensive educational opportunities to all...
Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content...
We described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss in the John Day River watershed, Oregon. We collected 149 juvenile O. mykiss across 72 sites and identified locations used by anadromous females by assigning maternal origin (anadromous versus non-anadromous) to each juvenile. These assignments used...
Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone
landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a
Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River...
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(Salvelinus confluentus)
in a fire-prone landscape
Falke, J. A., Flitcroft, R. L., Dunham, J. B., McNyset, K
The extensive reduction in adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) counts at many hydroelectric dams in the northwestern USA signals a substantial decline in lamprey numbers across the entire region in the past 40 to 50 years. Among the many potential causes of this decline, obstruction of migration routes has likely...
Summer drought is a major factor limiting the regrowth of perennial ryegrass seed crops. This phase of crop development has a strong influence on seed yield because most of the tillers that contribute towards next season's seed crop are produced or regrown during this period. In recent years many seed...
Land use and climate change occur simultaneously around the globe. Fully understanding their separate and combined effects requires a mechanistic understanding at the local scale where their effects are ultimately realized. Here we applied an individual-based model of fish population dynamics to evaluate the role of local stream variability in...
The conservation of declining desert fish species requires the identification of relations between fish population dynamics and their environments. Dynamic occupancy modeling, an approach that requires less information than traditional mark-recapture studies, may help identify important factors affecting population processes and aid desert fish conservation and restoration efforts. I used...
A brief history of X-ray control methods is presented, and
the instrumentation requirements and physiological considerations
pertaining to an automatic X-ray control system are discussed.
The latter half of the thesis describes the design and operation
of a device which will permit medical radiographs to be taken
automatically and at...
Craterellus tubaeformis is a small to medium-sized forest mushroom that is fairly common in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwestern United States and is most often associated with decayed coarse woody debris. In this study, the mycorrhizae of Craterellus tubaeformis in western Oregon is identified by DNA analysis...
miRNA-guided cleavage initiates entry of primary transcripts into the trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA) biogenesis pathway involving RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 (RDR6), DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4), and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 (SGS3). Arabidopsis thaliana TAS1 and TAS2 families yield tasiRNA that form through miR173- guided initiation cleavage on the 5’ side of the siRNA-generating...
The commercial Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery is Oregon’s largest trap-based fishery. Each year, crab vessels discard millions of pounds of bait, including squid, razor clams, and sardines, into the near-coastal ocean. Although the fishery season typically runs from December 1st through August 14th, most landings occur within the first...
This circular describes research activities of the Oregon State College School of Engineering during the school years 1958-59 and 1959-60. These activities are listed according to the engineering department in which the research is carried out. In each department section are described facilities of the department, research projects, and graduate...
We have developed simple and fun “fishing games” which can be played easily and quickly with cheap supplies—and which demonstrate important economic characteristics of fisheries. Players “fish” by scooping beads from a common bowl into individual cups placed near the bowl. The beads are the fish stock; the scoops are...
The desire to understand the spatial and temporal drivers of animal behavior and distribution relative to scale is central to movement ecology. Optimal foraging theory states that a predator should continue exploiting a patch until it is no longer profitable to do so. As human developments increasingly encroach on the...
Many economically important Pacific salmon fisheries along the west coast of North America are mixed-stock, recreational systems, in which managers strive to account for interactions between fish, anglers, and management policy while balancing fishery access against conservation of vulnerable stocks. Specific challenges facing fisheries managers include limited control over angling...
Published September 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Over the last two decades, archaeologists have documented the widespread ancient Maya practice of collecting cave formations (speleothems) from ritually important caves and transporting them to their settlements. Little is known about their specific uses within settlements, but it is hypothesized that these objects convey a degree of sanctity from...
Physical, chemical and bacterial water quality parameters of
the upper Wallowa River were sampled periodically between July 2,
1978 and June 9, 1979 at nine stream and lake sampling sites. Water
upstream from Wallowa Lake was typified by low nutrient concentrations
( generally below detectable limits except for nitrates), low....
Anthropogenic activities have posed many threats to the oceans and marine life. Understanding how individuals are affected and physiologically respond to these threats is crucial and allows for management and conservation applications. I evaluated the overall health condition of a subpopulation of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) along the Oregon coast,...
The purpose of this research was to determine, if there are and the
nature of, the common professional education competencies of selected
community college vocational instructors. The respondents in the study
represented four instructors from each of 40 community colleges selected
from the four western states of California, Colorado, Oregon...
Globally, the number of threatened species is increasing and conserving them is a high priority to the scientific community. Assessing the status of these protected species is challenging due to missing, contested, and or contradictory data streams. Integrated models (IMs) provide a statistical framework for combining disparate data sources to...
Plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora are known to cause disease on field crops, nursery plants, and forest trees. The best known example probably is Phytophthora infestans, which triggered the infamous Irish potato famine. Other important Phytophthora species include: P. ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen), P. sojae (soybean root rot...
Relative to other systems in the PNW, the rain-dominated, coastal watersheds of western Oregon have shallow aquifers. Given the seasonality of streamflow and storage limitations in coastal, rain-dominated watersheds, changes in the temporal patterns of precipitation have the potential to magnify the risk of extreme streamflow conditions during both high-...
Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, returning to the Yukon River basin and other large river systems in western Alaska have declined dramatically since the late 1990s. This continuing trend has raised concerns over the future status of the returns, and severely impacted commercial and subsistence fisheries within the drainage. Management is...
Monophyly of the gomphoid-phalloid clade was confirmed based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. Four major subclades (Hysterangiales, Geastrales, Gomphales and Phallales) were also demonstrated to be monophyletic. The interrelationships among the subclades were, however, not resolved, and alternative topologies could not be rejected statistically. Nonetheless, most analyses showed that the Hysterangiales...
Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss migrate extensively in freshwater during fall. We used individual tagging to study the spatial origin, influences, and outcomes of fall migration on fish that emigrated from summer rearing tributaries during fall (early-emigrants) and those that did not (late-emigrants) in the South Fork John Day River, Oregon. Fall...
1. The evaluation of the age and growth of animal populations is essential for understanding and
predicting how populations will respond to changes in environmental conditions and anthropogenic
stressors.
2. We used a novel, von Bertalanffy hierarchical modelling approach to quantify relationships between
the growth of three freshwater mussel species...
The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), located on the eastern boundary of the North Pacific Ocean, is highly dynamic, with variable conditions driven by seasonal upwelling, regional oceanography, and broad scale climate patterns. In the last decade, the northeast Pacific Ocean has experienced several marine heatwaves (MHWs), prolonged periods...
Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov., the most brightly colored hypogeous fungus known, is described from Papua New Guinea and tropical northern Australia south into subtropical forests along the Queensland coast and coastal mountains to near Brisbane. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data places it as a sister genus to Bothia...
Assessment of potential climate change impacts on stream water temperature (Tₛ) across large scales remains challenging for resource managers because energy exchange processes between the atmosphere and the stream environment are complex and uncertain, and few long-term datasets are available to evaluate changes over time. In this study, we demonstrate...
This study describes a specimen that extends the oldest fossil evidence of Pinus L. to the Early Cretaceous Wealden Formation of Yorkshire, UK (131-129 million years ago), and prompts a critical reevaluation of criteria that are employed to identify crown group genera of Pinaceae from anatomically preserved seed cones. The...
Knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of invasions—a theme addressed by invasion genetics as a discipline—is still scarce amid well documented ecological impacts of non-native species on ecosystems of Patagonia in South America. One of the most invasive species in Patagonia’s freshwater systems and elsewhere is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This...
The Columbia Basin once supported a diversity of native fishes and large runs of anadromous salmonids that sustained substantial fisheries and cultural values. Extensive land conversion, watershed disruptions, and subsequent fishery declines have led to one of the most ambitious restoration programs in the world. Progress has been made, but...
Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a curated
online resource for comparative functional
genomics in crops and model plant species, currently
hosting 27 fully and 10 partially sequenced
reference genomes in its build number 38. Its
strength derives from the application of a phylogenetic
framework for genome comparison and the
use of ontologies...
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, Ken Youens-Clark1,
James Thomason1, Justin Preece2, Shiran Pasternak1, Andrew Olson1, Yinping Jiao1
The cohesion-tension theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together and that they are pulled through the xylem under tension. This tension could cause transport failure in at least two ways: collapse of the conduit walls (implosion), or rupture of the water column through air-seeding. The...
Invasion by nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) often results in replacement of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in western North America, but the causal mechanisms are not well understood. Removal of brook trout from 1992 to 2000 from Sun Creek in southern Oregon, provided an opportunity to investigate the changes in...
Juniper is a native species to Oregon and confers ecological benefits to wildlife when it is at savannah and transitional densities. Its range and extent have fluctuated with climatic change, but the current range expansion is unprecedented in its extent. The range expansion has been associated with the degradation of...
The introduction of non-native species can negatively impact native species through reduced genetic fitness resulting from hybridization. The lack of spatiotemporal data of hybrids occurrences makes assessing hybridization risk difficult. Here, I developed a spatially-explicit GIS Hybridization Risk Model (HRM) between native ESA-listed Bull Trout and introduced Brook Trout by...
Rhizopogon is a large genus of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi that grows in association with host trees of the family Pinaceae. We have conducted a series of studies investigating the ecology and evolutionary biology of the EM symbiosis shared between R. subgenus Villosuli and trees of the genus Pseudotsuga. Two members...
Rhizopogon vesiculosus is a common ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiont of Pseudotusga menziesii (Douglas-fir) in the coast range of the Pacific Northwest. The species has been studied for its systematics, genet size, population structure, and competitive ability in several field and experimental studies. This thesis seeks to provide a more thorough characterization...
Resident bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) may be particularly vulnerable to human related disturbance, however very few studies have focused on resident bull trout populations. The abundance of bull trout is one measure of the strength and potential for persistence of a population. Habitat characteristics may influence resident bull trout abundance...
Recent work has suggested that plants differ in their relative
reliance on structural avoidance of embolism versus maintenance
of the xylem water column through dynamic traits such
as capacitance, but we still know little about how and why
species differ along this continuum. It is even less clear how
or...
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& Gartner 2001; Rosner et al. 2006; Dunham
et al. 2007), although Choat et al. (2005) did find that individ
Statistical hypothesis testing has been widely criticized by ecologists in recent
years. I review some of the more persistent criticisms of P values and argue that most stem
from misunderstandings or incorrect interpretations, rather than from intrinsic shortcomings
of the P value. I show that P values are intimately linked...
Devonian carbonate rocks of the southern Hot Creek Range reflect a shift to the east of the carbonate shelf edge and a progressively deeper-water lithotope from late
Early Devonian to early Middle Devonian time. Lower Devonian mudstones of the McColley Canyon Formation were deposited on an open shelf, dolomitized, and...
This review presents a framework for evaluating how cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants perform both hydraulic and mechanical functions. The morphological alterations that affect dual functionality are varied: individual cells can have altered morphology; tissues can have altered partitioning to functions or altered cell alignment; and organs and whole...
Oregon Biography Index is intended to serve primarily as a starting point in locating biographies of Oregonians. We have indexed 47 historical volumes which are either entirely devoted to biographies or have large self-contained biographical sections. The profiles in the books vary widely in accuracy and detail. Birth dates of...
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EmF) form symbioses with trees. These symbioses profoundly influence forest ecology. Certain EmF form specialized profusions of hyphae, known as ectomycorrhizal fungal mats (mats) which are visible to the naked eye, alter forest soil biogeochemistry, substantially contribute to soil microbial biomass/respiration and support unique microbial communities. Piloderma and...
The public controversy over possible health hazards from radioactive fallout from atomic bomb testing began in 1954, shortly after a thermonuclear test by the United States spread fallout world wide. In the dissertation, I address two of the fundamental questions of the fallout controversy: Was there a threshold of radiation...
The Devonian Simonson and Guilmette Formations provide examples of
Cordilleran miogeosynclinal inner and middle shelf carbonate deposition
that act in response to changes in eustasy, sedimentation, and
tectonics. The Simonson Dolomite consists of four members that
collectively record three distinct transgressive-regressive cycles.
The Coarse Crystalline dolomudstone lithofacies represents restricted
upper...
This compilation of theses and dissertations (a part of the OSU Bibliographic Series) for the period 1970-1977 reflects this university's emphasis on research and graduate study. It may be viewed as an indicator of the contributions made to the state of Oregon through graduate study and research at Oregon State...
Native shrublands and their associated grasses and forbs have been disappearing from the Great Basin as a result of grazing practices, exotic weed invasions, altered fire regimes, climate change and other human impacts. Native forb seed is needed to restore these areas. The irrigation requirements for maximum seed production of...
Approximately 23 square miles of the east-central part
of the Tendoy Range are included in the thesis area which
lies three miles west of Dell, Montana.
Rocks ranging in age from Late Mississippian to Recent
are exposed in the study area. The upper Paleozoic section
includes approximately 4,200 feet (1,281...
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characterization is possible, according to
Dunham (1962).
8
Stratification and cross-stratification
Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture). DENs have a dual spatial representation; as points within the network and as points in geographical space. Consequently, some analytical methods used to quantify relationships...
Upper Cambrian through Middle Devonian carbonate andclastic sequences of the northern part of the Fish Creek Rangerepresent shallow-shelf sedimentation in the Cordilleranmiogeosyncline. The lower and middle Paleozoic section exposedin the northern Fish Creek Range fits well within regional facies patterns and paleogeographic reconstructions.The Upper Cambrian Dunderberg Shale was deposited in...
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using the classification of
Dunham (1962). Crystalline carbonates are described using the
11
This paper is divided into two parts. The first part
traces (in details providing proofs and examples) the
history of the solutions of polynomial equations(of the
first, second, third, and fourth degree) by radicals from
Babylonian times (2000 B.C.) through 20th century. Also it
is shown that there is no...
1. Anthropogenic disturbances involving land use change, climate disruption, pollution and invasive species have been shown to impact immune function of wild animals. These immune changes have direct impacts on the fitness of impacted animals and, also, potentially indirect effects on other species and on ecological processes, notably involving the...
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-off of 10 (Petraitis, Dunham & Niewlarowski
1996). All model subsets were compared using Akaike
Co-occurring species often have different strategies for tolerating daily cycles of water stress. One underlying parameter that can link together the suite of traits that enables a given strategy is wood density. Here we compare hydraulic traits of two pioneer species from a tropical forest in Panama that differ in...
Excavations at the Cooper’s Ferry site (10IH73) revealed a long record of repeated human occupation extending from the late Pleistocene into the early Holocene (~16,000-10,000 cal BP) and have yielded unique insights into the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST), which includes. Several studies have focused on WST pit features encountered at...
Recently, there has been concern over the decline of the Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, in the northwestern United States. However, effective management has been impeded by data gaps in basic biology, especially in the early life stages. Consequently, in 2004 and 2005 I examined reproductive ecology, larval recruitment, and lamprey...
The Lakes Basin Bibliography consists of over 600 references relating to the natural resources of Oregon’s Lakes Basin. Forty percent of the items listed are available to anyone online though not all links are persistent. The remaining sixty percent are held in at least one library either in print or...
Includes 1922 Summer School Graduates.
In the following pages the information, so far as it has been possible to obtain it, is given in the following order for each alumnus: Name, year in which the degree was conferred, degree, course, present occupation, and present mailing address.
New approaches are needed to quantify and understand spatial patterns of stream fishes and their environment. Concepts in riverine ecology emphasize the importance of thermal zones and gradual longitudinal changes in physical habitat and biota, but little is known about spatial variability within the river continuum. I present a conceptual...
Riparian zones are ecotones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Processes in streams are strongly influenced by riparian forest communities, age, stage and structure. Temperate forests across much of North America, including riparian areas, are recovering from historic land clearing with many stands in the stem-exclusion phase of development in which...
Oregon water temperature standards were described by former Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber’s Office as “an important component of the water quality element of the Oregon Plan [for Salmon and Watersheds]”. In 1998, Governor Kitzhaber’s Office and the Oregon Legislature asked the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) to examine and review...
Crater Lake National Park presents an excellent opportunity for ecological research due to its relatively pristine landscape, the protection of its natural features, its infrastructure, and a Park administration supportive of scientific inquiry and restoration ecology. The research presented here examines the responses of fungi to various forms of perturbation....
Deposition of the Middle Devonian part of the Denay Limestone
and Bay State Dolomite in the northern Antelope Range and Fish
Creek Range, respectively, took place on and in front of a carbonate
platform with a lime sand shoal at the shelf edge. In the Givetian part
of the Denay...
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slope and
basin (as in Read, 1982; Mcllreath and James, 1984). Evidence for
this interpretation