Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) is a winter annual oilseed crop
native to the Pacific Coast states. Seven experiments were conducted
to evaluate extracted meadowfoam meal (MFM) as a feedstuff
for poultry, rabbits and sheep.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate MFM as a protein
supplement for broiler chicks and weanling rabbits....
A series of eight trials was conducted to determine if supplementation
with arginine improved growth of young rats, Japanese quail
and swine fed low-lysine diets. In five rat trials, with a variety of
basal diets, no evidence of a "sparing effect" of arginine on the lysine
requirement was found. A...
This study involved three separate experiments employing a total
of 29 horses and 4 rabbits. The purpose of these studies was to investigate
the use of various quantities and forms of ryegrass straw in horse
rations, and to determine the use of whole corn plant pellets as an alternative
roughage...
Revised February 1948. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Methods to improve the efficacy of swine barley rations were
evaluated. A literature review pertaining to the subject, three feeding
trials involving 104 swine, and a laboratory investigation were
used in the study.
The effects of pelleting with a new modified pellet die that
produces a dense pellet; supplementation with...
A series of four animal experiments utilizing 129 pigs
and associated laboratory studies was conducted to study the causes
of the lowered performance on high barley rations fed to swine. Previous
work at this Station has shown barley to have a value of 80-85
percent of corn for swine, and...
Studies were conducted with Indian River "Hybro" broiler chicks
and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station dwarf and normal White
Leghorn hens to improve the utilization of white western wheat. Chick
studies were primarily concerned with characterizing the growth
inducing properties of an antibiotic fermentation residue (Vigofac)
which had shown a greater...
Several experiments involving broilers and laying hens
were conducted with the primary goal of evaluating the
feeding value of Canola meal (CM) in both broiler and
laying hen rations. A secondary goal was to study the
growth response of broilers receiving higher
concentrations of CM in their starter diets to...
Nine feeding trials and four laboratory scale experiments were conducted in this study. The study consisted of: (1) use of grass straw:corn juice (CJ) silages with fishmeal and/or alfalfa hay supplementation in beef heifers, sheep, pregnant dairy heifers, water buffaloes and Hereford cows; (2) use of cull onions:grass straw silages...
Published January 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Several agricultural and related industry groups in the Pacific
Coast states have expressed concern about the competitive position
of these states in the production of feed grains and livestock products.
This study was directed toward the investigation of these
concerns.
In order to permit the real world situation, with its...
Published February 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1958. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1957. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The word food is a common noun used every day and
by every one. But have you ever thought of its full significance?
Any substance that can support life or help
to support it is food. Plants require food to support
them when growing; they find it in the air...
Published August 1923. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1962. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Eight experiments, two with poults and six with chicks, were
undertaken to determine the requirement for supplemental folic acid
as related to protein level and major protein source. Protein levels
for chicks and poults were 21, and 28 or 28 and 32%, respectively.
Major protein sources were soybean meal, fish...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inorganic
and organic components of molasses on the laxative problem
encountered when molasses makes up a large portion of livestock
rations. In a series of four trials 280 male Long Evans rats weighing
approximately 50 grams each were placed...
An experiment was conducted during the period November 1967
to November 1968 at Oregon State University (OSU) and the Umatilla
Branch Experiment Station (BES) at Hermiston, two trials at each
location, to answer several questions: (1) could comparable rations
for swine be formulated by a computer on a least-cost basis;...
An experiment was conducted with 48 Yorkshire x Berkshire
crossbred barrows to evaluate the influence of varying Calorie: protein ratios in high-fat rations on performance and carcass quality
of growing-finishing swine. Pigs were individually fed rations containing
three levels of fat (lard): 0, 15 and 30 percent. Each fat
level...
Chemical and biological evaluations were conducted to provide
chemical composition and digestibility information, in addition to
yield data, for silage corn varieties produced on poorly drained
Dayton soil series. Each variety was subjected to a Kjeldahl nitrogen,
acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, cell wall, and
residual ash test. Subsequently...
Seven in vitro trials were conducted to compare the effects of
soaking annual ryegrass straw in solutions of sodium hydroxide (Na₄OH),
potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), or sodium
formate (NaCHO₂) at varying levels. Dry matter digestibility (DDM)
was the criterion used to measure treatment response. A 3 x 3...
A frozen concentrate (>10⁹ cfu/ml) of a human strain of Lactobacillus
lactis (strain MLC) was fed to swine. Bottle feeding resulted
in reduced fecal coliform counts and incidence of scouring in nursing
pigs. In one group of pigs treated 54 days, the Lactobacillus to coliform
ratio was 1280:1; in the...
The object of this study was to observe the effect of tallow plus
urea in vitro and in vivo. The study was carried out in three parts;
an in vitro fermentation study, a metabolism trial and a feedlot trial.
The in vitro study was conducted using a 4 x 2...
Observations were made on silage pH, chemical composition and 24hr in vitro dry matter digestion (IVDMD) to evaluate effects of various additives ensiled with annual ryegrass straw. Additives were compared in factorial designed trials utilizing .95 1 glass jar silos. Selection of additives used in each subsequent trial was based...
Three studies during three consecutive summers were conducted
at the Squaw Butte Experiment Station to estimate relative and quantitative
forage intake of spring and fall calving cow-calf pairs on
summer range. In a drylot study (experiment 1) individual animal
consumption of fescue or meadow hay cut at 2- to 10-day...
The objectives of this study were to determine the diets of
cattle at risk to DABPE on stress and inciting pastures and to determine
if segregated feeding groups of cattle displayed differential
susceptibility to DABPE.
Stress pastures were classified and mapped by plant communities
and segregated feeding group areas. Cattle...
In part one, levels of dehydrated alfalfa meal greater than 60% of the diet significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the growth of rats fed isocaloric diets. Purified cellulose fed to provide the same amount of acid detergent fiber as contributed by the alfalfa did not affect growth. Feed intake was...
One hundred two mature blackface crossbred ewes were randomly
divided into three equal groups to examine the effects of feeding
management during mating on blood chemistry, weight change and
subsequent reproductive performance.
Group I was kept in drylot from 17 days before through 17 days
after the start of mating....
Five separate trials were conducted to test the feeding value
of Pacific Northwest grown soybeans for chickens and turkeys. Soybeans
were obtained from farms near Walla Walla, Washington and
incorporated into rations which were fed to replacement pullets,
laying pullets, broiler chickens, turkey poults and market turkeys.
These rations were...
Rapid copper depletion without clinical symptoms of copper deficiency
was found in cattle under natural Klamath basin conditions.
Copper metabolism was influenced by grass species fed to the animals.
Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 'Altar and 'Fawn', reduced
liver copper stores and decreased blood plasma copper and ceruloplasmin
activity to...
Three products derived from shrimp processing waste (Pandalus
jordani) and a protein concentrate extracted from king crab waste
(Paralithodes camschatica) were evaluated as feed supplements for
standard dark and sapphire pelter mink (Mustela vison) replacing
approximately 10 and/or 20 percent of the protein in a standard wet
diet (33 percent...
The heat exchange of individuals in a foraging mixed population
of Zonotrichia leucophrys and Zonotrichia atricapilla in western
Oregon is analyzed with respect to the direction of stance and
feeding location. Values for heat gain or loss in the field were
generated from a model that estimates the equivalent black-body...
Five sheep digestion trials with four animals per
treatment and three treatments per trial were conducted to
determine if feeding protected tallow and/or protein would
alter the deleterious effects of feeding urea and tallow
together. Apparent digestibility coefficients, nitrogen
retention and biological values were calculated.
An additional trial was also...
Two digestibility trials using sheep were conducted to determine
the digestibility coefficients of a commercially processed NaOH treated
annual ryegrass straw cube. Comparisons were made with loose, chopped
ryegrass straw and a ryegrass straw cube processed with molasses as a
binder.
The NaOH cubed straw was produced by spraying a...
Several experiments involving broilers, chicks, layers, roosters,
poults and breeder turkeys were conducted with the primary objective
of examining research methods for evaluating poultry feed grains, their
additives and supplements. A secondary objective was to improve and
maximize the production responses of poultry fed locally grown grains.
Feed grain research...
This study was designed to determine the relative
palatability of four varieties of ryegrass (Gulf, Ninak,
Charleston and Billion) based on their relative consumption
by cattle and to further evaluate the relationships between
daily consumption and individual nutrient components of
the grasses. Feedlot trials, chemical analyses for volatile
and nonvolatile...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of site
potential, season and plant part on percent crude protein, percent
digestibility of dry matter and yield of cereal residues. Three cereal
types, club wheat (Triticum aestivum) tall, bearded wheat (T.
aestivum), and barley Hordeum vulgare) were examined.
Stress...
A field study was conducted in 1978 and 1979 at two locations near
Corvallis, Oregon, to determine the silage yield and quality of 13 fallsown
cereal varieties at two nitrogen fertilizer levels in the context of
a corn-winter cemal double cropping production system.
Data on the yield, crude protein (CP)...
A study was conducted during 1975 and 1976 to evaluate
the use of chemically cured pasture as a flushing feed for
ewes in western Oregon.
In 1975 (0.56 kg/ha) and 1976 (0.28 kg/ha) paraquat
was used to chemically cure hill pasture forage when perennial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall...
The results of research designed to develop a synthesized diet
as a substitute or supplement to algae for culturing the Miyagi strain
of juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) are
reported. The growth of juvenile Pacific oysters fed equal amounts
(based on ash free dry weights [AFDW]) of algae (Pseudoisochrysis...
Pangola digitgrass (Digitaria decumbens), Coastcross-
1 bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and Kazungula
setaria (Setaria sphacelata cv Kazungula) were used in a
two-year study at the C.A.M.P.A. Training Center in
Tampico, Mexico. The objective of the study was to determine
the optimum stocking rate during the grazing season
on these species and...
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of
the by-product, ryegrass straw, and the feed additive, monensin, on the
performance of feedlot lambs.
Four pelleted rations were fed ad libitum: Ration 1 - 50% barley,
50% alfalfa hay; Ration 2 - 50% barley, 50% alfalfa hay and...
Two studies were conducted to compare lamb feedlot
performance and digestibility of nutrients by lambs fed
rations containing bird-resistant and bird-susceptible
sorghum grain with 20 or 40% tall fescue hay as a source
of roughage.
Four rations were fed ad libitum on the performance
study and at 80% of ad...
A series of experiments were conducted to determine
the utilization of fibrous feeds by the rabbit. A review
of literature was performed to ascertain the results of
similar studies. The first two experiments involved
various levels of alfalfa substituted for corn or barley.
Results indicated that a 50 percent alfalfa...
The objectives of this study were to nutritionally evaluate various
feather and hair meals (FM, HM) as protein supplements for ruminants
and to study the in vitro/in vivo relationships of diets supplemented
with FM and HM.
In vitro (rumen and enzymes) studies, five in vivo digestion
trials and a feedlot...
Several experiments were conducted to evaluate various forages
and forage levels for use in rabbit diets.
Several tropical forages were evaluated for their potential in
feeding rabbits. One of the tropical forages, Desmodium distortum
produced better growth performance than alfalfa meal. The tropical
forages were used to derive prediction equations...
Several experiments involving broilers and laying hens
were conducted to study the effects of feeding crab meal,
dried whey and cellulose. The positive responses of crab
meal as a substance for improving the utilization of dried
whey and cellulose were examined. Cellulose treated with
concentrated H3PO4 in broiler diets and...
An extensive literature review into the causes and
controls of diarrhea was followed by three weanling rabbit
performance trials to examine the influence of dietary
modifications on diarrhea in the rabbit.
In the first set of experiments, the ion exchangers
clinoptilolite (0, 1.5 and 3.0%) and sodium bentonite (0 and...
Forty-two fall-calving crossbred cows were equally
allotted to six pens of seven cow-calf pairs each. Two
treatments (0 and 200 mg lasalocid/head/day) with three
replications were used to determine the effects of
lasalocid on fall-calving beef cows. The cows were fed
grass hay, haylage and pasture ad libitum. The cow-calf...
A series of trials was conducted with Polypay (P), Coopworth
(CP), Hampshire (H), and crossbred ewes over a two year period at three
locations to assess the effects of ewe body condition and pre-lambing
supplementation on ewe productivity. Supplementation trials were
conducted at all three locations in Year 1 using...
The aflatoxins, carcinogenic and toxic mold metabolites
of Aspergillus flavus, were isolated and determined
in cottonseed meal and other feedstuffs. This new
quantitative method uses an acetone soxhlet extraction to
remove the toxins from the defatted meal. The residual
triglycerides, phospholipids and pigments were removed
from the acetone by filtration...
Published April 1991. Reprinted June 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1935. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Teff is a warm-season annual grass that is increasing rapidly in popularity among hay growers in the United States. Teff (Eragrostistef [Zucc.], Poaceae) is classified as intermediate between tropical and temperate grasses. It has many small-stemmed tillers originating from one crown and a shallow, diverse root system. Teff has no...
Published April 1935. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1930. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1962. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog