The authors demonstrate an efficient room temperature source of terahertz radiation using femtosecond laser pulses as a pump and GaAs structures with periodically inverted crystalline orientation, such as diffusion-bonded stacked GaAs and epitaxially grown orientation-patterned GaAs, as a nonlinear optical medium. By changing the GaAs orientation-reversal period (504–1277 μm), or...
The evidence for a protective role of omega
3 fatty acids in CHD is becoming clearer and firmer,
especially for secondary prevention. Intakes of
approximately 800-1,000 mg per day appear to be a prudent
approach for the latter group of patients. The safety of
intakes of up to 3,000 mg...
This research examines two questions: 1) What stories do Christian teacher educators tell about their own White racial identity development? and 2) Is there an impact of studying White racial identity development on the praxis of Christian teacher educators? If so, in what ways? The researcher began the project with...
More than half of students in Washington state community colleges enroll in developmental mathematics, but a relatively small percentage of these students persist to the second year. Many students place into these courses and never enroll; others enroll at some point after the first academic term, even when faced with...
The relationship between self-concept and teacher competency
was examined among 29 female college students enrolled in a
beginning-level practicum of a preschool-teacher training program.
The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Preschool Teacher
Competency Rating Scale (PTCRS) were used to assess the subjects'
self-concepts and teacher competencies at the...
Temperature‐depth data from six boreholes in western Utah and nine boreholes in southeastern Utah are reanalyzed for evidence of ground surface temperature (GST) histories. We invert the temperature‐depth data using the functional space inverse algorithm of Shen and Beck [1991, 1992] which we prefer over previous inversions of these data...
We construct a mid-latitude (30° – 60° N) reduced temperature-depth profile from a global borehole temperature database compiled for climate reconstruction. This reduced temperature profile is interpreted in terms of past surface ground temperature change and indicates warming on the order of 1°C over the past 100 to 200 years....
We construct an extratropical reduced temperature–depth profile for land areas north
of 20°N latitude from the global borehole temperature database compiled for climate
reconstruction. The mean reduced temperature profile compares well with a time series
constructed from an initial baseline temperature (0.6° ± 0.1°C) and the last 140 years
of...
Temperature profiles from boreholes on the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah have been examined for evidence of climate change. Because these boreholes penetrate layered sedimentary rocks with different thermal conductivities, Bullard plots (temperature versus integrated thermal resistance) are used to estimate background heat flow and surface temperature intercepts. Reduced temperatures,...
Long-period ground surface temperature variations contained in borehole
temperature-depth profiles form a complementary climate change record to high-frequency,
but noisy surface air temperature (SAT) records at weather stations. We illustrate the
benefits of jointly analyzing geothermal and meteorological data for two regions in Utah
where both high-quality temperature-depth measurements and...
Temperature profiles from boreholes on the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah
have been examined for evidence of climate change. Because these boreholes penetrate layered
sedimentary rocks with different thermal conductivities, Bullard plots (Temperature versus
integrated thermal resistance) are used to estimate background heat flow and surface temperature
intercepts. Reduced temperatures,...
The southern portion of the Kodiak-Bowie seamonnt chain in the southeastern
Gulf of Alaska presents a unique opportunity to investigate loading on young oceanic
lithosphere. Oceanic lithosphere younger than 25 Ma is loaded both by sediments in a deep
offshore trough and by seamount 100-200 km offshore. Free-air gravity anomaly...
Temperature-depth profiles in borehole CC-I, northwestern Utah, were measured in 1978, 1990, and 1992. Borehole temperatures below 80 m depth are highly reproducible over the 14 year period indicating long term thermal stability. A slowly changing temperature field above 80 m depth has similiar characteristics to synthetic temperature profiles computed...
Observations of air and ground temperatures collected between 1993 and 2004 from Emigrant Pass Geothermal Climate Observatory in northwestern Utah are analyzed to understand the relationship between these two quantities. The influence of surface air temperature (SAT), incident solar radiation, and snow cover on surface ground temperature (SGT) variations are...
Borehole temperature profiles provide a record of ground surface temperature (GST)
change at the decadal to centennial time scale. GST histories reconstructed from boreholes
are particularly useful in climate reconstruction if changes in GST and surface air
temperature (SAT) are effectively coupled at decadal and longer time periods and it...
Changes in snow’s influence on surface ground temperature (SGT) could create a bias
in the borehole temperature record of climate change. Using a snow-ground thermal model
which predicts changes in the mean annual offset between SGT and surface air
temperature (SAT), we calculate the response of SGT to changes in...
[1] Borehole temperature-depth profiles contain a record of surface ground temperature
(SGT) changes with time and complement surface air temperature (SAT) analysis to infer
climate change over multiple centuries. Ground temperatures are generally warmer than
air temperatures due to solar radiation effects in the summer and the insulating effect
of...
The frictional resistance on a fault during slip controls earthquake dynamics. Friction dissipates heat during an earthquake; therefore the fault temperature after an earthquake provides insight into the level of friction. The JFAST project (IODP Expedition 343/343T) installed a borehole temperature observatory 16 months after the March 2011 M[subscript w]9.0...
Temporal variations in surface ground temperature impart a signal to the subsurface thermal regime that is captured in borehole temperature-depth profiles. Seventy temperature-depth profiles in India, located between 12° and 28°N, are analyzed to infer past changes in ground temperature. These profiles exhibit predominantly positive anomalous temperatures relative to the...
Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd.) are a slow-growing, tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) turfgrass that can be successfully managed with less input than many other warm-season grasses. Despite extensive genetic and morphological variation, genotypes with the ability to recuperate quickly from damage are rare. Therefore, a long-term effort to increase vegetative...
Two-dimensional, primitive equation model studies of wind-forced flow over a continental shelf Show that, under upwelling conditions, high levels of near-inertial wave energy are found in the interior over the shelf. The regions of elevated wave energy, with maximum wave amplitudes of around ±0.2 m s⁻¹, persist for up to...
Sixty-day simulations of flow on the Oregon continental shelf are performed using the Blumberg and Mellor sigma coordinate, primitive equation model. The model is two-dimensional (an across-shelf section) with high spatial resolution and realistic shelf topography. Forcing consists of surface heat flux, either hourly or low-pass filtered wind stress, and...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138 was designed to study the late Neogene paleoceanography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at time scales of thousands to millions of years. Crucial to this objective was the acquisition of continuous, high-resolution sedimentary records. It is well known that between successive advanced piston corer...
We examine the 0–100 Ma paleoceanographic record retained in pelagic clay from the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) by analyzing 47 major, trace, and rare earth elements in bulk sediment in 206 samples from seven sites drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329. We use multivariate statistical analyses (Q-mode factor analysis...
The abundance of microbial life and the sources of energy necessary for deep subsurface microbial communities remain enigmatic. Here we investigate deep microbial processes and their potential relationships to tectonic events in sediments from the Nankai Trough offshore Japan, drilled and sampled during IODP (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program) Expedition 316....
Establishing true depths of recovered sediments is critical to determining sedimentation rates for high-resolution paleoclimatic
studies. We have corrected the composite depth scale, which accounts for the entire continuous sedimentary sequence, so that sediment
depths are consistent with logging depths, or "true" depths. We accomplished this by taking advantage of...
Mars Pathfinder successfully landed at Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997, deployed and navigated
a small rover about l00 m clockwise around the lander, and collected data from three science
instruments and ten technology experiments. The mission operated for three months and returned
2.3 Gbits of data, including over 16,500...
Nickel (Ni)-based alloys with a high chromium (Cr) content are frequently employed in applications where elevated temperatures and/or corrosive environments are present due to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, a gap exists around the formation, and kinetics of long-range order (LRO) Ni2Cr phase in both model binary...
Adhesive use is becoming increasingly common in manufacturing processes. The advantage of adhesives are light weight components, non-destructive fastening techniques and distribution of loads over the applied bond region. Modeling the behavior of adhesive bond lines in fastening joints can help in the design process to make an optimized joint,...
The overall goal of the Greater Sage-grouse Comprehensive Conservation Strategy (Strategy) is to maintain and enhance populations and distribution of sagegrouse by protecting and improving sagebrush habitats and ecosystems that sustain these populations. This Strategy outlines the critical need to develop the associations among local, state, provincial, tribal, and federal...
Efficacious vaccines were developed for the control of Vibrio
anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in salmonid fish.
These bacterins can be administered either orally or parenterally.
It was determined that both formalin-killed lyophilized whole cells
and wet-packed whole cells of the organism are effective oral immunogens.
Intraperitoneal injection of...
This work examines the varied populations which have inhabited the South Fork region from prehistoric times to the present.
It disclosed that even though almost no archaeology has been done
in the area, data from contiguous regions suggest that persistent
and careful archaeological investigation should reveal valuable
and informative sites...
Irrigated agriculture accounts for 90 percent of consumptive use of freshwater in the western US and is considered the largest contributor to nonpoint source water pollution. The diffuse nature of most water quality and quantity challenges necessitates institutions that can more effectively engage agricultural producers in strategic, integrated, watershed-scale approaches...
A method is described for determining the absolute dynamic topography of the sea surface. Using hydrographic and wind data obtained in 1963, the surface topography and the horizontal and vertical mass transports off the southeast Arabian coast during the summer monsoon are calculated. As indicated by the calculations, upwelling occurs...
A two-layer model is used to study the properties of free coastal trapped waves which propagate over an idealized continental shelf and continental slope bottom topography. With both stratification and depth variations that are typical of continental shelf and slope regions, barotropic shelf waves and baroclinic internal Kelvin waves axe...
The effects of alongshore variations in bottom topography and coastline on the wind-stress-forced barotropic motion over a continental shelf and slope are studied. Perturbation methods are used to obtain solutions for forced and free continental shelf waves on an idealized continental shelf and slope with small-amplitude alongshore variations in topography....
A two-layer model with an idealized continental shelf and slope bottom topography is utilized to study some properties of the response of stratified coastal regions to meteorological forcing with variations in the alongshore direction. The model is such that the coastline is straight, there are no alongshore variations in the...
Intermediate models contain physics between that in the primitive equations and that in the quasigeostrophic equations and are capable of representing subinertial frequency motion over O(1) topographic variations typical of the continental slope while filtering out high-frequency gravity-inertial waves. We present here a formulation for stratified flow of a set...
An approximate model for small Rossby number ϵ that is close to the balance equations (BE) but that is based on approximate momentum equations is formulated for a rotating, continuously stratified fluid governed by the hydrostatic, Boussinesq, inviscid, adiabatic primitive equations with spatially variable Coriolis parameter. This model, referred to...
The effect of bottom friction on the subinertial frequency motion of stratified shelf flow fields is studied in a two-layer ƒ-plane model with idealized shelf and slope bottom topography. Coastal-trapped fire waves and motion forced by the alongshore component of the wind stress at the coast are considered. Vertical turbulent-diffusion...
Previous studies of forced, long continental shelf waves on an ƒ-plane have considered motion on the shelf and slope which is driven by an alongshore component of the wind stress, essentially through the suction of fluid into the surface layer at the coast. These studies have utilized a boundary condition,...
The forest alpine tundra ecotone (FTE, also known as alpine treeline or subalpine parkland), is a conspicuous feature of mountain landscapes throughout the world. Climate change-driven increases in temperature are believed to result in FTE movement and tree invasion of subalpine meadows, which have been documented throughout the Northern Hemisphere...
OBJECTIVE. Hospital readmissions are a current target of initiatives to reduce healthcare costs. This study quantified the association between having a clinical culture positive for 1 of 3 prevalent hospital-associated organisms and time to hospital readmission.
DESIGN. Retrospective cohort study.
PATIENTS AND SETTING. Adults admitted to an academic, tertiary care...
Muon-neutrino elastic scattering on electrons is an observable neutrino process whose cross section is precisely known. Consequently a measurement of this process in an accelerator-based νμ beam can improve the knowledge of the absolute neutrino flux impinging upon the detector; typically this knowledge is limited to ∼10% due to uncertainties...
Abstract: The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in...
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
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Pacific Gyre
Ann G. Dunlea1, Richard W. Murray1, Justine Sauvage2, Robert A. Pockalny2, Arthur J
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
Full Text:
. W., Sauvage, J., Pockalny, R. A., Spivack, A. J., Harris,
R. N., & D'Hondt, S. (2015). Cobalt‐based
Dating pelagic clay can be a challenge due to its slow sedimentation rate, post-depositional alteration, and lack of biogenic deposition. Co-based dating techniques have the potential to create age models in pelagic clay under the assumption that the flux of non-detrital Co to the seafloor is spatially and temporally constant,...
Documented and forecasted trends in rising sea levels and changes in storminess patterns have the potential to increase the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of coastal change hazards. To develop realistic adaptation strategies, coastal planners need information about coastal change hazards that recognizes the dynamic temporal and spatial scales of...
OBJECTIVE. To quantify the association between admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) room most recently occupied by a patient positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (EBSL)-producing gram-negative bacteria and acquisition of infection or colonization with that pathogen.
DESIGN. Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING AND PATIENTS. The study included patients admitted to medical...
Seven species of microorganisms indigenous to fish were inoculated into sterile fish muscle, obtained from Sebastodes alutus and Sebastalobus alascanus, and the production of total volatile acids (TVA) and total volatile bases (TVB) was determined during storage at 1 C. No production of TVA and TVB was noted in sterile...
The propagation of incident coastal-trapped waves in the Gulf of California is investigated using a hydrostatic
primitive equation model. The behavior of idealized incident wave disturbances with different amplitudes and
time scales is examined. The incident wave disturbances propagate northward up-gulf along the east side with
no significant change. At...
Ceratonova gasterostea n. gen. n. sp. is described from the intestine of freshwater Gasterosteus aculeatus L. from the Klamath River, California. Myxospores are arcuate, 22.4 +/- 2.6 μm thick, 5.2 +/- 0.4 μm long, posterior angle 45 +/- 24°, with 2 sub-spherical polar capsules, diameter 2.3 +/- 0.2 μm, which...
The prediction of the time to ponding following commencement of rainfall is fundamental to hydrologic prediction of flood, erosion, and infiltration. Most of the studies to date have focused on prediction of ponding resulting from simple rainfall patterns. This approach was suitable to rainfall reported as average values over intervals...
Contributions of sites, rootstocks, and scion clones (and the nteractions between these factors) to scion growth and reproduction were studied in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Twenty-five full-sib families were used as rootstocks. Six scion clones were grafted on them in all combinations. Study sites were three seed orchards in...
Temperature anomalies can identify locations of seeps of groundwater into surface waters.
However, the method’s sensitivity to details such as thermometer burial depth, sediment material, seep
velocity, and surface water current are largely unknown. We report on a series of laboratory flume experiments
in which controlled seeps under variable sediment...
Temperature anomalies can identify locations of seeps of groundwater into surface waters.
However, the method’s sensitivity to details such as thermometer burial depth, sediment material, seep
velocity, and surface water current are largely unknown. We report on a series of laboratory flume experiments
in which controlled seeps under variable sediment...
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following values results in the temperature profile shown in Figure 1:
𝑞 = 5e-7 m/s, (dashed line), 5e-6
Temperature anomalies can identify locations of seeps of groundwater into surface waters.
However, the method’s sensitivity to details such as thermometer burial depth, sediment material, seep
velocity, and surface water current are largely unknown. We report on a series of laboratory flume experiments
in which controlled seeps under variable sediment...
Full Text:
Selker, F., and J. S. Selker (2014), Flume testing of underwater seep detection
using temperature
Generalised linear estimation and multi-layer perception neural network modelling techniques were applied to the Scottish trawler fleet data in order to estimate which inputs have the greatest impact on boat profits and output. Both produced comparable estimates that revealed inelastic and non-linear response to vessel power and length, negative response...
Temperature anomalies can identify locations of seeps of groundwater into surface waters.
However, the method’s sensitivity to details such as thermometer burial depth, sediment material, seep
velocity, and surface water current are largely unknown. We report on a series of laboratory flume experiments
in which controlled seeps under variable sediment...
Oregon State University swine herd records of 456
litters farrowed between 1962-73 in three populations were
analyzed on a generation basis to compare changes in
performance of a Composite population to parental
Berkshire and Yorkshire breeds. Analysis was performed in
six discrete and overlapping generations on backfat
thickness, loin eye...
The behavior of low-frequency baroclinic Rossby wave motion in the vicinity of coastal boundaries is investigated using linearized modulated wave theory in a stratified, constant-depth, equatorial β-plane ocean. A primary objective is to obtain an equation that describes large-scale, low-frequency pressure fluctuations along variable geometry ocean boundaries at all latitudes...
The study was conducted on the San Dimas Experimenta1 Forest in
southern California. It deals with a field and laboratory evaluation
of several physical and hydraulic properties of the weathered parent
material and suggests how these properties may relate to flood runoff
problems.
A simple correlation analysis shows that only...
Production of Kþ mesons in charged-current νμ interactions on plastic scintillator (CH) is measured using MINERvA exposed to the low-energy NuMI beam at Fermilab. Timing information is used to isolate a sample of 885 charged-current events containing a stopping Kþ which decays at rest. The differential cross section in Kþ...
Background: Medication complexity is a large determinant of adherence. Few studies have explored the relationship between cognitive impairment and medication complexity.
Objective: To evaluate whether cognitive impairment is associated with medication complexity for prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we studied the association between cognitive impairment...
Charged pion production via charged-current nu[subscript]μ interactions on plastic scintillator (CH) is studied using the MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI wideband neutrino beam at Fermilab. Events with hadronic invariant mass W<1.4 GeV and W<1.8 GeV are selected in separate analyses: the lower W cut isolates single pion production, which is expected...
Two different nuclear-medium effects are isolated using a low three-momentum transfer subsample of neutrino-carbon scattering data from the MINERvA neutrino experiment. The observed hadronic energy in charged-current ν[subscript]μ interactions is combined with muon kinematics to permit separation of the quasielastic and Δ(1232) resonance processes. First, we observe a small cross...
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been reported to have large variability in mode I fracture toughness. In this study, alternating soft and hard regions were created in a Zr₅₂.₅Ti₅Cu₁₈Ni₁₄.₅Al₁₀ (at%) BMG via mechanical imprinting at room temperature. While only 50% of as-cast samples demonstrated plastic deformation during mode I fracture...
Many nurseries are considering soil moisture sensor networks to improve water application efficiency. Due to
the necessarily wide distribution of sensors at a nursery, a wireless network is easier to install, more flexible, and can be
scaled up as needed without re-design as compared to a traditional wired sensor network....
OBJECTIVES: Secondary caries is the most common reason for composite restoration replacement and usually forms between dentin and the filling. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of cyclic loading and bacterial exposure on bacterial penetration into gaps at the interface between dentin and resin composite...
The linear stability of a nearly time-periodic, nonlinear, coastal upwelling–downwelling circulation, over alongshore-uniform topography, driven by a time-periodic wind stress is investigated using numerical methods. The near-periodic alongshore-uniform basic flow is obtained by forcing a primitive equation numerical model of coastal ocean circulation with periodic wind stress. Disturbance growth on...
Oxygen is often the rate-limiting factor in aerobic in situ bioremediation. This paper investigates the degree to which air or oxygen gas can be emplaced into the pore space of saturated porous media and provide a significant mass of oxygen. Column experiments were performed to test three emplacement methods: direct...
A global-scale three dimensional atmospheric transport and chemistry model was applied to simulate transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) emitted from Asia. The model results were compared with observations at six monitoring sites. The annual mean and seasonal variation of transport patterns and the contributions of different Asian source regions to...
The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux-integrated differential cross sections in the electron production angle, electron energy, and Q² are...
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The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux-integrated differential cross sections in the electron production angle, electron energy, and Q² are...
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. Chvojka,1 H. da Motta,6 J. Devan,3 S. A. Dytman,7 G. A. Díaz,1,8 B. Eberly,7,† J. Felix,9
L. Fields,4,10
The MINERvA Collaboration reports a novel study of neutrino-nucleus charged-current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) using the same neutrino beam incident on targets of polystyrene, graphite, iron, and lead. Results are presented as ratios of C, Fe, and Pb to CH. The ratios of total DIS cross sections as a function...
The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux-integrated differential cross sections in the electron production angle, electron energy, and Q² are...
In the face of rapid environmental and cultural change, orthodox concepts in restoration ecology such as historical
fidelity are being challenged. Here we re-examine the diverse roles played by historical knowledge in restoration,
and argue that these roles remain vitally important. As such, historical knowledge will be critical in shaping...
conservation and ecology. Currently, the most widely used methods for obtaining such estimates involve either sighting
animals from transect lines or some form of capture-recapture on marked or uniquely identifiable individuals. However,
many species are difficult to sight, and cannot be easily marked or recaptured. Some of these species produce...
We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage in three regional-scale watersheds (> 150 000 km²) of the Columbia...
We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites in three regional-scale watersheds (>150 000 km² ) of the Columbia...
Eighty-one microbial species isolated from seafoods and other marine sources were examined to determine the extent of interactions among these species. Spot-plates, cross-plates, and concurrent growth experiments at 7, 15, 20, and 30 C indicated that Lactobacillus species were capable of inhibiting other microorganisms. Lactobacillus species isolated from oysters and...