Investigation on barley genotype contribution to beer flavor is a relatively new area of research but has interest from members of the malting barley supply chain. This body of work builds upon previous studies by approaching it from new angles that further supports the malting and brewing industries’ interests around...
The following dissertation consists of six sections: a general introduction, three manuscripts, a general conclusion, and an overall bibliography. The three manuscripts report on: (1) identifying genetic interactions in diverse germplasm developed during introgression of a major gene conferring resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), (2) mapping...
This dissertation consists of a general introduction, three manuscripts, and general conclusions. The research integrates research on (1) the effects of barley genetics and production environment on the contribution of barley to beer flavor, (2) the effects of degree of malt modification on barley contributions to beer flavor and (3)...
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PatrickM. Hayes
This dissertation consists of a general introduction, three manuscripts
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest known domesticated crops. Originally cultivated for human consumption, other end-uses have gained importance over the millennia. Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world (FAO-STAT, 2011), and today it is mainly used as animal feed or malted for...
The effects of scald epidemics, induced by Rhynchosporium secalis
(Oud.) Davis, on the yield and quality of winter malting barley have not been
reported. The principal objective of this investigation was to assess yield and
quality losses in resistant and susceptible winter barley genotypes in diverse
environments of the Pacific...
Hill plots and near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy were
investigated as breeding tools to facilitate doubled haploid recurrent
selection for malting quality characters in spring barley. Main
objectives of this research were to i) compare hill and row plot
expression of agronomic and malting quality traits in an array of...
The production of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) haploids by crossing with
H. bulbosum is a widely used tool in breeding and genetics. Certain barley
genotypes have low seed set in this interspecific cross, a phenomenon known
as partial incompatibility. Haploid production efficiency and gamete sampling
are important issues with the...
Higher grain yield is a key objective in barley (Hordeum vulgare. L) breeding.
Despite extensive research on the genetics of yield and its components, selection for
yield per se is still the most extensively employed because of negative relationships
among components, modest correlations between yield and any particular component,
and...
Wheat production in the Pacific Northwest consists
mainly of the soft white wheat market class. Over 80% of
this wheat is exported. In recent years there has been an
increase in soft white wheat production (due in a large part
to improvements in the yielding capabilities of the
genotypes grown...
Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) is a serious disease of barley that can cause up to 70% yield loss in susceptible varieties. The fungus is moving northward, threatening major barley production areas in the US, where most cultivars are susceptible. Fungicides are available for control of stripe rust,...
Molecular tools, coupled with unique germplasm stocks and rigorous phenotyping, are
useful for developing a better understanding of qualitative and quantitative disease resistance
genes in plants. The identification of molecular markers linked to all types of resistance
genes provides opportunities for implementing a range of resistance breeding strategies,
ranging from...
Characterization of the determinants of economically important phenotypes
showing complex inheritance should lead to more effective use of genetic
resources. This study was conducted to determine the number, genome location and
effects of QTLs determining malting quality and agronomic traits in the two North
American barley quality standards. Using a...
Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) could be a source of useful genes for improving cultivated barley. The useful genes present in Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum may be new alleles at described loci, or these may be entirely new genes in the sense that there is limited allelic variation at...
Genetic resistance is the most appropriate way to control diseases in crop plants. Resistance can be described as qualitative (involving a gene-for-gene system) or quantitative (with continuous distribution of disease levels). The relationships between different types of resistance remain obscure, as does the genetics of quantitative traits. The use of...
Understanding complex traits is a fundamental challenge in plant genetics and a prerequisite for molecular breeding. Tools for trait dissection are markers, maps, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an application that integrates these tools. In this thesis research, a new sequence-based marker was evaluated, maps...
Fall-sown barley will be increasingly important in the era of climate change due to higher yield potential and efficient use of water resources. Resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses will be critical. Low temperature is an abiotic stress of great importance. Resistance to barley stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striifomis...
Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world because of its broad adaptation, its utility as a feedstock and for human food, and the superior properties of barley malt for brewing. Three of the most important foliar diseases of barley, on a worldwide level are: barley leaf...
Vernalization - the requirement of a period of low temperature to induce the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive state - is an evolutionarily and economically important trait in the Triticeae. The genetic basis of vernalization in barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), a model crop for the Triticeae, was...
Fall-planted barley makes the best use of available precipitation in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. This growth habit is also suitable to many other areas of the world. A prerequisite for production in most of these areas is tolerance of low temperature during the vegetative growth stages. Fall-planted...
This research was undertaken to provide barley growers, processors, and consumers with quality food barley. Because all currently available varieties of food barley are of spring growth habit, the first phase of the research involved agronomic assessment of these varieties under Oregon conditions. Because winter barley usually yields more than...
Quantitative resistance (QR) to disease is usually more durable than qualitative resistance, but its genetic basis is not well understood. We used the barley/barley stripe rust pathosystem as a model for the characterization of the QR phenotype and associated genomic regions. As an intermediate step in the preparation of near-isogenic...
This dissertation consists of a general introduction, three research manuscripts, and general conclusions regarding the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for sustainability traits in the Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project (TCAP) facultative/winter 6-rowed elite malting barley genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping panel, the TCAP FAC-WIN6. The first research manuscript, a...
This thesis consists of three manuscripts addressing separate components of barley breeding, plus an introduction and a conclusion summarizing the status of barley in the Pacific Northwest, plus the implications of the research presented in this thesis. In the first manuscript, a package written for the statistical software "R" that...
The following thesis consists of four sections: a general introduction, two manuscripts, a general conclusion, and an overall bibliography. The two manuscripts report on: (1) discussing the prospects of developing a perennial malting barley and potential alternative sustainable crop management practices and (2) further exploring the contributions of barley variety...
Collaboration is crucial when advancing in scientific research. One person cannot
study all aspects of a system. That is why it is important for the scientific community to
communicate with each other and stay updated on research being conducted in other labs
around the world. In my research, I was...
Winter hardiness in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a trait targeted by breeding programs in order to expand the potential area of adaptation of fall-sown cereals. Vernalization requirement is an important factor in winter hardiness. A vernalization requirement is an extended period of low temperature required for transition from the vegetative...
Levee management has historically been considered a local governance issue. Many users of the Portland International (PDX) airport may have no knowledge that the airport is in a floodplain and is protected by a hundred year old levee. This study asked survey respondents across the U.S. how much they would...
We consider the parallelization of Monte Carlo algorithms for analyzing numerical models of charge transport used in semiconductor device physics. Parallel algorithms for the standard k-space Monte Carlo simulation of a three band model of bulk GaAs on hypercube multicomputers are first presented. This Monte Carlo model includes scattering due...
Increased efficiency of household energy-using appliances effectively lowers the price of the services these devices provide. Basic consumer theory predicts that ceteris paribus, these lower prices will increase usage, thus making the effect on total energy demand ambiguous. In the literature, this phenomenon
has been called the rebound effect. In...
This paper empirically examines the effects of population aging on international trade using a cross-country panel data set for a select group of 22 OECD countries. Other recent studies have examined the effects of population age on other economic variables such as growth, savings, and investment but none till now...
The relationship between a country's degree of openness and its economic well-being has been examined extensively both theoretically and empirically. Numerous empirical studies using different openness measures have found a positive effect of openness on growth. However, the validity of such measures have
come into question due to data issues....
This study examines the relation between political parties in the United States and foreign direct investment (FDI) using a panel data gravity model of 42 countries from 1980 to 2006. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party differ on economic platforms, and the changing of relative power in government between...
While exercise can be prescribed for improving cardiovascular and muscle health, no prescription exists for increasing bone mass. Because bone deformation rate has been identified as an important variable related to osteogenesis, estimates of skeletal loading during human activities likely characterize the associated osteogenic stimulus. However, estimates of body segment...