Desde hace muchos años, los jardineros han usado
el compost para mejorar la tierra. Hoy en día también
es una manera importante de reducir la cantidad de
basura que se quema o se añade a los vertederos
públicos. Los desperdicios de jardín y cocina
constituyen hasta el 20 por ciento...
Pacific Northwest vegetable and fruit growers always have faced changing markets. To many growers, these changes have seemed faster than usual in recent years, fueled by shifting consumer preferences, increasing production costs, and new market logistics. The number of processing plants in the region continues to decline. Typically, plant closures...
The fertilizer value of anaerobically-digested, dewatered biosolids in dryland cereal cropping systems was evaluated at six locations in central and eastern Washington (25 to 35 cm annual precipitation zone). Biosolids were applied at rates of 3 to 20 Mg/ha (approximately 150 to 900 kg N/ha). We measured increases in soil...
Since the collapse of World Trade Center building number seven (WTC7), significant research has been done to understand the behavior of steel structures in fire and enable engineers to account for the behavior of steel framing systems exposed to fire during design. Despite these efforts, there are still significant barriers...
New ice cores retrieved from the Taylor Glacier (Antarctica) blue ice area contain ice and air spanning the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 transition, a period of global cooling and ice sheet expansion. Chronologies were determined for the ice and air bubbles in the new ice cores by visually matching...
Forest managers in the Blue Mountains, of northeastern Oregon are currently faced with
vast areas of forests with health problems and high fuel loadings. These conditions
resulted from a combination of insect infestations, past management practices and the
elimination of fire from the local ecosystems. These forests are now overstocked,...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A4: Global Market: Connections and Prospective Opportunities. The session was chaired by Maarten Mens, and the presentation was given by...
We model a fish population in a spatial region comprising a marine protected area and a fishing ground separated by an interface. The model assumes conservation of biomass density and takes the form of a reaction diffusion equation with a logistic reaction term. At the interface, in addition to continuity...
This study was initiated in its original form in 1982 with the Yamhill Soil and Water Conservation District and the McMinnville Field Office of the USDA-Soil Conservation Service. The Soils Department, Oregon State University, was one of several cooperators, in part funded by The Wine Advisory Board.
In 1984 and...
Over the past twenty years, the national three-year graduation rate for community college students has ranged from 44% to roughly 31% in 2013 (NCES, 2013). As a way to address such low graduation rates, colleges have implemented a myriad of services and programs (i.e., tutoring, mentoring, etc.). Another intervention is...
Several bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) strains, presumably
not transmissible by aphids, were studied to determine the biological
and environmental conditions which would possibly result in aphid
transmission of these strains. Investigations were made to study the
effect of different aphid rearing conditions on the transmission
frequency of BYMV. Also,...
A study of the oxidation of zircaloy in reactor
environments has been undertaken with the goal of
characterizing of the Thermal Gradient Test Facility
(TGTF) at Teledyne Wah Chang, Albany. A set of
oxidation models is presented from the literature, as
well as an extensive database of published oxidation
test...
Monocrotaline (MCT) is a member of a class of naturally occurring
phytotoxins known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Exposure to PAs can result
in liver and cardiopulmonary lesions as well as lymphoid organ atrophy. In the
present study C57BI/6 (B6) mice received MCT (0-150 mg/kg/day, po) for 14
days. Overt toxicity...
Stream channel stability for two tributaries of Rock Creek in the
Oregon Coast Range is evaluated by application of a Stream Reach Inventory.
Stability nomographs are constructed for graphical analysis of
erosion potential. Results indicate that channel stability can be
classified. One stream is rated as 'Poor' in resistance to...
This research sought to explore the implications of different tenure regimes for both
landscape-level ecological processes and the overall resilience of a social-ecological
system in Central Oregon. The purchase by an investor of former industrial timberlands
known as the Bull Springs tract raised the specter of dispersed residential development on...
Armillaria (Fr. ex. Fr.) is a parasite whose pathogenicity
and role in forest ecosystems often depends upon the
physiological condition of the tree. Therefore, I tested the
frequency and severity of Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink
infection among Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl., Larix
occidentalis Nutt., Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Engelm.),
Pinus...
An energy balance analysis was performed on each of four
transplanted Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Francol
seedlings growing on two cutover sites in southwestern Oregon. The
two sites were a clearcut and a partial-cut (shelterwood) side by
side, with a pair of seedlings used on each site. One seedling of...
The spreadsheet has become a common technology tool and is now a predominant form of end-user programming. Some of the same features that make spreadsheets excellent tools for ad-hoc development can introduce errors into the final product. Although a variety of research has been performed investigating methods to detect errors...
Manganese nodules are concretions which are widely distributed on
the bottom of marine waters as well as on the bottom of some lakes.
They vary in size, abundance, and to some extent composition, with
location. The nodules are of potential economic value because of the
nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese...
Published March 1997. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This investigation was undertaken to characterize and evaluate
the forage production and utilization of the successional vegetation
of the mixed conifer forest.
Field studies were carried out during the summers of 1962
through 1964 at the Eastern Oregon Experiment Station Hall Ranch
which is located 12 miles southeast of Union,...
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The generation of market information is critical in the dynamic and highly differentiated global seafood market. Information has strategic value and market information is therefore vital in creating and delivering value. However, the context of long, globalised supply chains and highly differentiated seafood markets results in value chain members having...
Full Text:
a focus on the sustainability of
trade in four aquatic products from Asia to Europe, funded by the
The generation of market information is critical in the dynamic and highly differentiated global seafood market. Information has strategic value and market information is therefore vital in creating and delivering value. However, the context of long, globalised supply chains and highly differentiated seafood markets results in value chain members having...
Full Text:
Diapositiva 1
Ingrid Kelling and James A. Young
IIFET
The generation of market information is critical in the dynamic and highly differentiated global seafood market. Information has strategic value and market information is therefore vital in creating and delivering value. However, the context of long, globalised supply chains and highly differentiated seafood markets results in value chain members having...
International seafood trade takes place through value chains that link production in developing countries to developed country markets. As a result of the emergence of the global value chain analytical framework from the political economy of development (and underdevelopment) approach, value chain analysis has traditionally maintained a production orientation to...
Planning and implementation of road BMPs on a watershed scale can be a difficult task because of the need to prioritize locations while accounting for multiple constraints, such as the available budget, continuous maintenance, and equipment scheduling. Using simulated annealing (SA) as its heuristic optimizer, BMP-SA accounts for sediment being...
The expansion of the aquaculture sector over the last two decades has coincided with the growth in
importance of supermarkets in fish retailing in the EU. This paper presents a Value Chain analysis of
selected species from their point of production in Bangladesh to the major consumer markets in Europe,...
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) used angular direction models (ADMs) to convert satellite scanning radiometer measurements to radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. The ADMs were assumed to depend only on the physical characteristics of the scene being observed, and they were taken to be independent of...
An experimental study was undertaken to explore the evolution of flow structures and their characteristics within a randomly packed porous bed with particular attention to evaluating turbulent scalar dispersion. A low aspect ratio bed of 4.67 (bed width to spherical solid phase particle diameter) with fluid phase refractive index matched...
An experimental study was undertaken to better understand the turbulent flow characteristics
within a randomly packed porous bed. A relatively low aspect ratio bed
(bed width to spherical solid phase particle diameter of 4.67) with the fluid phase
refractive index matched to that of the solid phase was used to...
Application of optical techniques such as PIV, PTV and LDA for velocity field estimation in porous media requires matching of refractive indices of the liquid phase to that of the solid matrix, including the channel walls. The methods most commonly employed to match the refractive indices have been to maximize...
In developed country markets, the consideration of consumer wants has not been prominent hitherto in aquaculture production decisions. Like capture fisheries aquaculture has been product driven. This supply-side focus reflects an emphasis upon technical solutions to the production and capacity problems of high unit value (HUV) species culture. Whilst this...
As the various mechanisms of fisheries resources management have matured, fishermen increasingly have responded by devising and developing different forms of collective representation. Within the European Union (EU), Producer's organisation (POs) provide a voluntary organisational structure which has evolved since its inception in the 1970s. During the intervening period, POs...
With heightened media attention on the poor state of world fish stocks and the environmental impacts of aquaculture production methods, both governments and seafood industries are keen to demonstrate support for improved management measures. This paper includes results from a DFID funded project concerned with seafood certification, ecolabelling and developing...
Observations of sea surface temperature and wave height were made from a large, manned spar buoy (R/P FLIP) ~100 km off the coast of Baja California. Surface temperature was measured with a radiation thermometer which viewed a disc on the surface 12 cm in diameter. The instrument responded to frequencies...
The uptake of methylammonium (MA) by Chesapeake Bay phytoplankton was measured in short term experiments by using the 14C radioisotope. This uptake was inversely related to ambient NH4+ concentrations, and the specificity for uptake of both substrates was demonstrated by competitive inhibition. At stations with low ambient NH4+, MA uptake...
Hydrogen sulfide and related sulfur compounds produced internally by yeast during fermentation are considered highly undesirable if they are excreted and exceed threshold concentrations in the finished wine, as they cause an unpleasant "reduced character". The threshold for hydrogen sulfide is on the order of parts per billion and that...
The objectives of this research project are to understand tannin and anthocyanin changes during berry development in Pinot noir fruit and wines. Specifically, the objectives of this research project are:
· Determine the effect of berry development on the composition of tannins in cv. Pinot noir berries
· Determine the...
The ability to determine a bulk estuarine turnover timescale that is well defined under realistic conditions is in high demand for estuarine research and management. We compare how turnover timescales vary with tidal and river forcing from idealized forcing scenarios using a three-dimensional circulation model of the Yaquina Bay estuary...
Because of wild salmon's importance as a commercial fishery in North America, many questions and concerns have been raised around the issue of farmed versus wild salmon in recent years. Concerns have been related to the impact of the tremendous growth in farmed salmon production on the markets for wild...
A time history of the calibration coefficients for channels 1 and 2 of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-12 and NOAA-15 spacecraft is presented. The history is based on reflectances observed for the interior zones of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets previously obtained with the...
Studies using International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data have reported decreases in cloud optical depth with increasing temperature, thereby suggesting a positive feedback in cloud optical depth as climate warms. The negative cloud optical depth and temperature relationships are questioned because ISCCP employs threshold assumptions to identify cloudy pixels...
Observations were made of downward solar radiation as a function of depth during an experiment in the North Pacific (35°N, 155°W). The irradiance meter employed was sensitive to solar radiation of wavelength 400–1000 nm arriving from above at a horizontal surface. Because of selective absorption of the short and long...
The dynamics of lateral circulation in an idealized, straight estuary under varying stratification conditions is
investigated using a three-dimensional, hydrostatic, primitive equation model in order to determine the importance
of lateral circulation to the momentum budget within the estuary. For all model runs, lateral circulation is about
4 times as...
One-kilometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations of the effects of ships on
low-level clouds off the west coast of the United States are used to derive limits for the degree to which clouds
might be altered by increases in anthropogenic aerosols. As ships pass beneath low-level clouds, particles...
Paleomagnetic directions from the Eocene Tillamook Volcanic Series of the Oregon Coast Range
point 460 clockwise from the expected Eocene field direction. Potassium argon dating of six dikes and
flows from this formation yields a mean age of 44.3 ± 0.6 m.y. These results establish that the Oregon
coastal block...
The results of a new multispectral infrared retrieval scheme for obtaining fractional cloud cover and 11-μm emissivity are compared with those of the spatial coherence method which obtains fractional cloud cover assuming that the clouds are opaque at infrared wavelengths. Both methods are applied to 4-km NOAA advanced very high...
Simple threshold scene identification methods are developed to reduce the effects of errors in scene identifications on the anisotropy of reflected and emitted radiances inferred from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner observations. The ERBE maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) scene identification is assumed to be accurate for nadir fields of...
Visible and near infrared reflectances from NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daytime passes are used to derive optical depths at 0.55 μm, an index of aerosol type, continental or marine, and the direct effect of the aerosol on the top of the atmosphere and surface solar radiative fluxes...
The amount and type of carbon (C) in a forest soil reflects the past balance between C accumulation and loss. In an old-growth forest soil, C is thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between accumulations and losses. Disturbance upsets this equilibrium by altering the microclimate, the amount and type of...
This data report contains observations made from R/P FLIP as part of the first process-oriented NORPAX (North Pacific Experiment) experiment. The experiment was named POLE to indicate that the horizontal extent of sampling was small compared to the largest scale investigated in NORPAX.
The part of the experiment reported here...
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data were collected over the northeast Atlantic for May–August 1995–1999. Aerosol optical depth at 0.55 μm was retrieved in pixels identified as being cloud-free ocean. In pixels identified as containing clouds from single-layered, low-level cloud systems over oceans, the following cloud properties were...
Retrievals of cloud properties from satellite imagery often invoke the assumption that the fields of view are overcast when cloud-contaminated, even though a significant fraction are only partially cloud-covered. The overcast assumption leads to biases in the retrieved cloud properties: cloud amounts and droplet effective radii are typically overestimated, while...
Empirical estimates of the aerosol indirect radiative forcing often rely on threshold cloud retrievals applied to multispectral satellite imagery data. In such retrievals, pixels having radiances that surpass prescribed thresholds are assumed to be overcast even if they are only partially cloud covered. This assumption leads to cloud visible optical...
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data collected over the northeastern Atlantic off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula for May to August 1995 were used to investigate the feasibility of empirically deriving estimates of the aerosol indirect radiative forcing. A retrieval scheme was used to derive cloud visible...
The upper drainage of the John Day River system produces summer steelhead and spring chinook salmon. The fish are generally confined to the main stem and its tributaries above Prairie City. The spawning and rearing areas are comparatively free of undesirable fish species, but salmonid smolts migrating downstream must travel...
Clear Creek, tributary of North Fork John Day River, is a mountain stream located in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. It joins Granite Creek about 1.5 miles below the old abandoned mining town of Granite. Gravel removed from Clear Creek by gold dredging activity was replaced in a 3.37-mile...
The project objectives were to determine the possibility of raising the subterranean water in adequate amounts by installation of an underground weir; to determine what type of structure would be most feasible; and to formulate a biological evaluation program if the first two objectives were accomplished. Tex Creek, tributary to...
The effective radius of water cloud droplets is retrieved using remotely sensed passive microwave and visible data collected by aircraft during the Indian Ocean Experiment. The purpose of this study is to assess the aerosols’ effect on cloud microphysical and radiative properties. To study this effect, we investigate the relationships...
Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised June 1991. Reprinted November 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1990. Reprinted June 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1990. Reprinted June 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Marsh, bog, swamp, slough, fen–these are just a few
of the names commonly applied to the class of
natural habitats called "wetlands." Broadly defined,
wetlands are land areas that have a prolonged high water
table or at least are covered with shallow water. As a transition
habitat between dry land...
Published April 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The most common wastewater treatment system used in rural areas is the septic tank-soil absorption system. The septic tank removes settlable and floatable solids from the wastewater, and the soil absorption field filters and treats the clarified septic tank effluent. Removing the solids from the wastewater protects the soil absorption...
In a properly operating septic system, the solid material in the sewage is settled out in a septic tank and stored until removal by pumping. The effluent from the tank is still sewage. It has a strong odor and is high in disease causing organisms. This effluent is treated and...
Published April 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Recent measurements (21 September - 15 October 1992) of methane and water vapor by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are compared with model results for the same season from a troposphere-middle atmosphere version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR )Community Climate...
Published October 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
These principles are relatively few and direct. For odor detection to occur, odorous compounds must be (a) formed,
(b) released to the atmosphere, and
(c) transported to the place of detection.
When you prevent or inhibit any of these steps, you reduce or remove the odor problem.
Clean, safe water for consumption, recreation, irrigation, manufacturing, and fish and wildlife habitat is important to Oregonians. Nonpoint source pollution is the major cause of water quality degradation in Oregon.
Nutrients and microorganisms in manure can cause water quality problems. When you collect, handle, and land spread manure, this material can get into surface or groundwater supplies. The level of risk depends on many factors.
The temperature of the water in our streams and rivers is very important to the well-being of fish and other aquatic organisms. Most species need cool water to survive. As a result, Oregon’s water-quality standards include maximum stream temperature criteria. Streams that are monitored and found to exceed these temperatures...
Swine require supplemental heat
during the first few weeks of life.
Baby pigs demand the most heat
of any young domestic livestock. They
have an immediate need for temperatures
of about 95°F for the first 3 days, then
dropping to 85°F over a 3-week period.
Little is known about the impact of temperature on proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in grape skins, despite its
significance in berry composition and wine quality. Field-grown grapes (cv. Merlot) were cooled during the day or
heated at night by +/–8 C, from fruit set to veraison in three seasons, to determine...
This study involves logic design and switching theory, in particular their practical application to the logic design and understanding of digital machines. Digital machines, of course, play an extremely important role in that large class of machines known as digital computers. But they also play an important role in many...
This classification is an update of the 2004 classification of native vegetation of Oregon by Kagan, Christy, Murray and Titus. As before, this classification lists the native plant associations known to occur in Oregon, and includes both successional and climax vegetation types that were part of the presettlement landscape of...
Invasive species in riparian forests are unique as their effects can transcend ecosystem boundaries via stream-riparian linkages. The green alder sawfly (Monsoma pulveratum) is an invasive wasp whose larvae are defoliating riparian thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) stands across southcentral Alaska. To test the hypothesis that riparian defoliation by this invasive...
In most estuarine systems it is assumed that the dominant along-channel momentum balance is between the integrated pressure gradient and bed stress. Scaling the amplitude of the estuarine circulation based on this balance has been shown to have predictive skill. However, a number of authors recently highlighted important nonlinear processes...
The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion,...
Ship tracks appearing in both the morning and afternoon Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery for the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of the United States were used to study the morning-to-afternoon evolution of marine stratus polluted by underlying ships and nearby uncontaminated stratus. Analyzed 925-hPa winds were used...
Air and trace gases are exchanged between the stratosphere and the troposphere on a variety of scales; but general circulation models (GCMs) are unable to represent the smaller scales. It would be useful to see how a GCM represents stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), both to identify possible model deficiencies which would...