For decades, sexual violence has been a persistent crisis and challenge for universities and colleges across the United States. In order to address this problem and adhere to the strict legal obligations that require post-secondary institutions to prevent sexual violence on their campuses, universities and colleges have implemented a range...
Intellectual property rights is an incredibly important and salient issue today in both China and the rest of the world. This topic of intellectual property rights, or IPRs, has been an increasingly frictional and hostile issue of contention between
China and the rest of the world for many years. IPR...
The primary goal of my study was to evaluate the effects of high dietary vitamin E on the rodent skeleton. The outcomes from my study assess the impact of high intakes of vitamin E and increased concentrations of its metabolite, carboxy ethyl hydroxy chromanol (CEHC), on bone turnover and skeletal...
Use of solid compensators is a very effective means of implementing IMRT on any linear accelerator. The standard practice has been IMRT delivery using accelerators equipped with multi-leaf collimators (MLC’s). Truth is the addition of MLC’s to an accelerator is quite expensive. Previous studies have shown solid compensators to have...
Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids required for proper embryonic development, specifically neurodevelopment. However, little is known regarding their conversion to other metabolites during embryogenesis. The oxidation of ARA gives rise to the biologically active eicosanoids and the oxidation of DHA gives rise to the...
Rising energy costs coupled with the diminishing incomes associated with rural economic restructuring leave an increasing proportion of rural households faced with the heat or eat dilemma--where families must choose between meeting one basic need over another, such as putting food on the table or keeping the heat on. Effective...
Pre-med attrition is the loss of students participating in academic pre-medical programs over time. Attrition in medical school has been the subject of many studies, but pre-med attrition is less researched, despite its relevance to the emergence and performance of future medical professionals. Interviewing former pre-med students who chose other...
Linear M-mode (1D) and later 2-dimensional (2D) measurements of the left atrium (LA) are commonly been used to assess LA size in veterinary studies despite the fact that studies in human subjects have shown that LA volume (LAV) more accurately reflects LA size than linear measurements due to the complex...
The following pages set out to document the German far-right since 1945, along with the responses from the German government and the experience of minorities that extremists tend to target. This study finds that the German government’s heavy-handed response to visible far-right political parties as early as the 1950s consequently...
Clear and unbiased question wording is important to obtaining consistent and accurate survey results. However, if the goal is not to obtain accurate results but instead to obtain a specific result, then altering question wording may be effective. To examine this possibility, we created a survey with 9 different versions...
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between community-based fitness class participation and risk for falls in adults aged 55 or older. Our aim was to compare scores on fall risk factors between community-based Better Bones & Balance® (BBB) participants and active peers who engage in other (non-BBB) community-based fitness classes....
Classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) breaks are a common and cost-effective physical activity (PA) promotion strategy at elementary schools. Nevertheless, there is limited research examining how teacher-level factors such as value for PA and perceived support to deliver CBPA breaks influence teacher implementation of CBPA breaks. In addition, to date no...
In this dissertation, I qualitatively examined the meaning of mothering a child with autism in two countries: the United States and South Korea. The overarching research question focused on how sociocultural ideas about mothering and disability, particularly autism spectrum disorders, shape women’s understanding of themselves and their children with disabilities....
Better Bones and Balance (BBB) is a community-based exercise program to improve bone health and reduce fall risk among older adults. Prior research has shown that when the program is delivered by researchers under controlled conditions, participants improved strength and balance, and maintained bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip....
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Katherine B. Gunter
Better Bones and Balance (BBB) is a community-based exercise program to
Sotalol is a class III anti-arrhythmic drug with class II properties that is commonly used in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs. The anti-arrhythmic effects of sotalol are mediated by an increase in action potential duration and prolongation of atrial and ventricular repolarization via antagonism of the delayed rectifier...
Firefighting is a very hazardous profession. Firefighters experience an injury rate that is three times higher than other physically demanding professions and the death rate in the fire service is also much higher compared to typical. Throughout the literature, data suggest the physical nature of firefighting contributes to the high...
Studies in young women show that rowing exercise is osteogenic at the spine. However, little is known regarding rowing exercise and spine bone mineral density in older women. The aim of this study was to examine differences in spine bone mineral density (BMD) and back strength between premenopausal and postmenopausal...
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents continues to rise
and is considered a major public health problem. The aim of this investigation was to
evaluate the contributions of sport participation, and calcium intake (controlling for mean
energy intake, sex, and maturation status) on the development of...
Girls on the Run (GOTR) is a community-based running program that encourages social, mental, emotional and physical development in young girls through the process of training for a 5k running event. Previous reports have shown that GOTR has positive effects on self-esteem and dietary behaviors; whether GOTR influences levels of...
Family influence in the home environment has been linked to children’s nutrition and physical activity behaviors. However few tools exist to identify family level behaviors and families’ readiness to change those behaviors, particularly for populations at high risk for obesity such as Hispanics. This study summarizes the relationships of similar...
This analysis uses data from a larger ethnographic study examining community effects of mobile home park residence on child and youth development to explore the resilient pathways of 8 mothers and maternal guardians in order to understand better how successful adaptation is achieved despite significant threats present throughout the life...
In light of recent economic and social changes rural communities continue to worry about the future of their young people. Will they be prepared for the challenges that lay ahead as they move into adulthood? The aspirations youth hold set them on a pathway toward achieving goals, beginning post-secondary education,...
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Katherine A. MacTavish
In light of recent economic and social changes rural communities
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between food insecurity (FI) risk and families’ readiness to change obesity-preventing behaviors within rural home-environments.
Methods: Families (n=144) were recruited through six elementary schools (K-5/6) in low-income, rural, Oregon communities. Families completed surveys including a FI risk screener and the Family Stage of Change...
As a targeted attack is unfolding against LGBTQ+ people across the U.S. right now, the unique experiences of queer and trans people deserve more attention. Transgender people are subjected to unique forms of discrimination and marginalization through cisnormativity (i.e., the assumption that everyone is and should be cisgender) and transnormativity...
Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is one of the most commonly encountered congenital cardiac defects in canine patients. English bulldogs have an increased risk of PS as compared to other dog breeds and have a higher reported prevalence of type II/type B/dysplastic pulmonic valve morphology. It has been shown that the dysplastic...
Housing is a critical component of family life, however, keeping a safe and stable roof overhead is increasingly difficult for the approximately 21 million low-income families in the United States (Urban Institute, n.d.; U.S. Census, 2015). Low-income families struggle to keep a roof overhead within the context of rising housing...
Pollination is an essential ecosystem service that sustains functioning ecosystems and aids in food production. In response to recent, widespread declines of managed and native bee populations, many land managers have shown interest in developing conservation and restoration plans for enhancing native bee habitat. However, there is a lack of...
Coral reefs have become vulnerable to climate change, with mass bleaching events, the loss of symbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae), increasing in both frequency and severity. As climate change continues to threaten the persistence and existence of coral reefs around the world, the biggest question posed for coral reefs is “can they...
Monitoring mercury (Hg) exposure in avian populations is critical to understanding the effects of this neurotoxin. Avian Hg exposure is commonly evaluated by measuring Hg concentrations in internal tissues, blood, and feathers. Feathers are a popular sampling matrix due to ease of sampling and limited stress to birds. However, it...
Montane meadows in the Cascade Range of Oregon have been declining due to tree establishment since records began. Montane meadow complexes in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest shrank by 60 to 75% from 1949 to 2005, but fine scale temporal and spatial processes of tree establishment in these meadows are...
Understanding the magnitude and longevity of wildfire effects in forested watersheds and subsequent impacts to downstream aquatic ecosystems and communities requires congruent investigation into post-fire aquatic and terrestrial processes. However, results from wildfire studies are often confounded by pre- and post-fire land management actions and based on either hydrologic or...
In the wild, when an animal is exposed to predators or harsh conditions, the stress
response is often associated with fleeing behaviors, which are seen as increased
locomotor behavior. Handling-stress procedures and intracerebroventricular (icy)
injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) have both been shown to cause an
increase in locomotor activity...
The typical coho salmon life history has been characterized by juvenile fish that spend their entire first year in freshwater habitats before migrating into estuaries as smolts. However, reports of early migrating coho fry (age 0), including migration downstream to estuarine habitats, date back to the 1960s. Until a few...
The combined effects of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation pose a serious threat to Earth's biodiversity, imperiling even relatively common species. 'Habitat' is necessarily a species-specific concept, and investigations of bird diversity relationships and subsequent efforts to prioritize conservation areas, are challenged by the difficulty of estimating complex habitat gradients...
The effects of five cytokinin antagonists on the growth
of cytokinin-autonomous lines of Phaseolus lunatus cv.
Kingston, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Great Northern, and
Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38 callus tissues have been
compared. The antagonists tested included four N⁴-substituted 4-amino-2-methylthiopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
bearing the following N⁴ side chains, 4-n-pentyl-
(ms²pnN⁴Prp), 4-n-hexyl- (ms²HxN⁴Prp),...
In this report, two studies are presented that utilize computations to predict and elucidate the reaction mechanisms of two different copper catalyzed reactions. Each study provides insight into the various chemical transformations, as well as the how and why behind regioselectivity and isotopic selectivity. The importance of this research is...
Well water levels and ditch flow were used to evaluate road-induced changes in surface and subsurface flow for two sites (Trocadero and Polk) in southeast Alaska. At the Trocadero Site, low water levels before and peak water levels during a storm were used to test for differences in subsurface water...
The Sortase A (SrtA) enzyme is a potential target for a new class of anti-infective drugs
because it is responsible for anchoring virulence factors to the surface of pathogenic,
Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. High throughput screening
yielded low molecular weight compounds that inhibit purified SrtA from S. aureus....
The public health framework of harm reduction was evaluated in one care setting to determine its potential for use in other fields of healthcare. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 clients of the HIV Alliance’s needle exchange program. Analysis of client responses revealed three themes: 1) harm reduction methods work...
The Ambovombe-Androy region of southern Madagascar is one of the most water stressed areas in the country and is also notorious for having the worst quality water on the island. Before improvements and change can be made however, it is vital to know what infrastructure, quality, and access levels currently...
Environmental education programs seek to foster an appreciation for the natural world while introducing students to scientific thinking. Citizen science engages non-scientists in the systematic collection and analysis of data. The Betts Forest Landscape Ecology Lab combines both goals by inviting teachers in Corvallis, Oregon, and surrounding areas to participate...
Hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis have made phylogenetic estimation in Rubus challenging. I used target capture to sequence approximately 1000 low copy nuclear loci and the chloroplast genome for 94 accessions representing the genus Rubus and distributed worldwide. Species phylogenies were estimated using two coalescent based methods, ASTRAL-II and SVDQuartets, and...
Paired 30-day trials were conducted to evaluate
Agropyron spicatum germination when treated with two
concentrations of throughfall leachates from western
juniper slash in two stages of decomposition. Data from
a second pair of 49-day greenhouse trials were analyzed
to evaluate emergence and growth of Aqropyron spicatum,
Oryzopsis hymenoides, and Poa...
Few remote health monitoring (RHM) studies have included Mexican-origin Latinos, and even fewer have explored RHM acceptance and utility, reasons for RHM uptake success or failure, or how cultural values influence RHM use among this population. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the remote health monitoring (RHM)...
Behavior of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) toward people was
studied by examining hikers' reports of grizzly bear observations
and by intensively observing grizzlies in an area of Glacier National
Park that was heavily used by day-hikers. Of concern were the apparent
habituation of grizzly bears to people in the study...
Sweetpotatoes are a highly nutritious staple crop, playing an important role in global nutritional security. Although the majority of research in the United States (U.S.) focuses on the cultivation of the storage roots, both the leaves and roots are edible. Sweetpotatoes are indigenous to the Andes Region of South America;...
End users create software when they use spreadsheet systems, web authoring tools and graphical languages, and when they create educational simulations, macros-by-demonstration, and dynamic e-business web applications and mash-ups. Some end-user developers, such as accountants or teachers, may have no formal training at all in programming. Others, such as scientists...
Cob, similar to adobe, is an earthen building material made of soil, sand, and straw. Although cob was used to build homes in England centuries ago, it has reemerged as a sustainable and relatively inexpensive, alternative building material. A possible solution for housing in impoverished nations, cob needs to be...
Cob, similar to adobe, is an earthen building material made of soil, sand, and straw. Although cob was used to build homes in England centuries ago, it has reemerged as a sustainable and relatively inexpensive, alternative building material. A possible solution for housing in impoverished nations, cob needs to be...
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Microplastics (<5mm diameter) are present in a considerable number of marine and aquatic species. Understanding which species, the global spatial distribution, and what quantities of microplastics are present is extremely important for understanding the potential impacts they could have on recreationally important organisms and for the assessment of risk. We...
Blackberry pomace (BBP), a byproduct from juice processing, is often disposed of in landfills. We propose BBP as an antioxidant-rich feed supplement for transition dairy cows. To explore the effects of BBP on antioxidant status, 24 multiparous dairy cows (5 Holstein and 19 Jersey) were assigned randomly to one of...
Coastal and estuarine flooding and erosion events are usually driven by the cumulative effect of multiple individual processes like waves, streamflow, storm surge, and/or tides. This dissertation focuses on separating the influence of the regional and local-scale geomorphologic and hydrodynamic processes driving variability in the magnitude and impacts of extreme...
Since the 1970s, tendon-transfer surgeries have been routinely performed for a variety of conditions such as stroke, paralysis, spinal atrophy, trauma, and birth defects. The surgery involves rerouting a tendon from a disabled muscle and directly suturing it to a functioning muscle in order to partially restore hand function. This...
A novel method for detecting the peptidase activity of clinically relevant peptidases was investigated using solid-contact electrochemical polyion sensors under chronopotentiometric control. Complete instrumental control over ion-extraction was accomplished by incorporating a lipophilic electrolyte into the ion-selective membrane; the sensors had no intrinsic ion-exchange capabilities. The sensors were used to...
Natural resource challenges in the American West feature a suite of actors and processes operating at different spatial and political scales, and crossing several administrative jurisdictions. I applied concepts of new environmental governance to Oregon’s greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation strategy, focusing, in particular, on features of voluntary conservation arrangements...
Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have
been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a
level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on...
Identifying mechanisms that determine who lives and dies is the first step in developing successful restoration techniques for rare species and endangered habitats. We studied interactions that affect establishment of native plant forbs of conservation concern at the seedling stage to support the theoretical basis for restoration activities in Pacific...
This study investigated the effect of captivity on the chemical profiles of the female sexual attractiveness pheromone of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Dorsal skin lipids were extracted from female garter snakes collected from the Interlake region of Manitoba, Canada. A comparison of captive and wild snakes was...
As the world population continues to grow we must look for smarter and more sustainable ways to feed everyone. Milk is the first food humans consume and is a good source of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. The following studies sought to determine the effect of feeding blackberry pomace as a...
Population and habitat characteristics of Acorn Woodpeckers
(Melanerpes formicivorus) were examined in oak stands (Quercus
garryana) in Benton County, Oregon. Characteristics of eight oak
stands not containing Acorn Woodpeckers were also examined. The
data were used to determine which factors might be related to woodpecker
presence and abundance within the...
Annual rates of prespawn mortality (PSM) in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) trapped and transported upstream of dams in the Willamette River basin are high (often >40%) and could limit the ability to restore natural populations of spring Chinook salmon if not reduced. Improvements at the U.S. Army Corps of...
Wind-driven coastal upwelling brings subsurface water onto the central-Oregon shelf after the spring transition each year. This cold and salty source water is oxygen-poor, yet above the hypoxic threshold, dissolved oxygen < 1.4 ml l⁻¹. Once on the shelf, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of upwelled near-bottom waters are modified by...
Forest soils of the Pacific Northwest contain immense amounts of carbon (C). Increasing acreage burned by severe wildfire in the western Oregon Cascades threatens belowground carbon stocks and future site viability. This study investigates forest soil carbon changes after the 2020 Holiday Farm wildfire in a young, intensively managed Douglas-fir...
To become a competitor for fossil fuels such as coal, solar installations will need to be produced and installed at a price equal to or below grid parity. This price can be approached by either reducing the overall system cost or increasing system efficiency. The focus of this paper is...
Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have
been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a
level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on...
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. 36(3)331-333.
Henderson, Carol E., and Roger A. Morse. “Tracheal Mites.” Honey Bee Pests
Earthquake rupture scenarios are important tools for understanding the nature of plate movement and patterns in seismic activity. The creation and assessment of these rupture scenarios rely heavily on geologic reasoning and principles applied to earthquake event data. This reliance introduces a certain amount of subjectivity to the rupture scenario...
The Tam McArthur Rim is a volcanic center located within the Tumalo Volcanic Field (TVF), approximately 25 km west of Bend, OR. The rim comprises of shallowly dipping bedded sequences of intermediate and silicic flows with minor tephra interbedding capped by a rhyodacite dome. Glacial activity has exposed significant portions...
This study investigated how manipulating vineyard nitrogen status, irrigation levels and cultivation practices would effect nutrient composition, and anthocyanin and phenolic accumulation in Pinot noir juice and wine from a commercial Willamette Valley Oregon vineyard. Pinot noir fruit was sourced from a vineyard trial in the Benton Lane Vineyard, located...
Interactions between Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus
thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), persistence of insecticidal
activity in the mosquito habitat, and suitability of enzyme-linked
immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting and
quantifying bacterial endotoxin in the mosquito habitat were
investigated. Interactions between the two bacterial
species were examined by laboratory and field bioassays with...
The capability of Pluronic® F68 to stabilize human recombinant Factor VIII in solution was
assessed using zeta potential measurements. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder in which the
body is missing Factor VIII (FVIII) from the blood coagulation cascade. The pharmaceutical
industry developed recombinant Factor VIII (rFVIII), the largest cloned...
With growing populations and consumer demand, there has been a turn to the deep sea to meet our natural resource needs. The deep sea provides a range of benefits to humans—called ecosystem services—including carbon sequestration, fisheries, waste absorption and detoxification, and nutrient cycling, all of which are vital to life...
Fanconi's Anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive chromosomal instability disorder. The
symptoms include congenital abnormalities, defective hematopoiesis (formation of cells
of the blood), and high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors.
Fanconi researchers have long been puzzled by how Fanconi Anemia (FA) cells, which
are known to...
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-regulation of E-cadherin, increased nuclear pool of beta-catenin
• Enhancement of tumor cell motility and
The Laser Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is built to observe gravitational waves as they propagate through space. Advanced LIGO is extremely sensitive
to movements of the test mass as small as 10⁻²¹ m/√Hz , which allows many signals other
than gravitational waves to be detected by the system. Pressure...
Aquatic insects are essential components of healthy stream ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, trophic dynamics and other ecological functions. Aquatic insect species, particularly those in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT taxa) are however, extremely sensitive to insecticide contamination. Given that urban and agricultural use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides...
Coastal flood hazard zones and the design of coastal defenses are often devised using either the maximum recorded total water level (TWL) or a 'design' event such as the 100-year return-level flood, usually projected from observed extreme events. Despite technological advances driving more consistent instrumental records of wave heights and...
This paper examines equitability of critical facilities within resilience planning efforts and how it relates to accessibility and utilization for Latinx community members along the Oregon coast in relation to natural hazards including the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with emergency management personnel and Latinx coastal...
Over the past 50 years, most efforts to regulate fishing and conserve our oceans and seas only have had limited success in preventing the on-going problems of over-fishing, degradation of the marine environment, and irreversible loss of marine biodiversity. Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) of the oceans is an approach that is...
In the United States, falls are the leading cause of unintentional death with one of every three people 65 years and older falling each year. Falls account for approximately 95% of hip fractures among older adults and falls to the side predominate hip fracture related falls in this population. However,...
The purpose of this dissertation is twofold; to review existing literature regarding the process of international student transition to the United States and to specifically increase the understanding of the experiences of a defined international student population through an original grounded theory study. Specifically, the study describes experiences of South...
Managing invasive species is vital to preserving native species and maintaining the integrity of environments and ecological roles. Rats are one of the most prolific and intrusive invasive species that have successfully cohabitated with humans over centuries as we have expanded and advanced our societies. Thus, rats have historically been...
This study measured knowledge and attitudes about genital herpes
and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(HIV/AIDS) in a sample of future teachers from the College of Education at
Oregon State University. The objectives of the study were 1) to determine if
students possess accurate knowledge about the two diseases; 2)...
This phenomenological research study focused on educational change as perceived by 16 Liberal Arts faculty members at a Pacific Northwest community college. Research data were collected through in-depth dialogic interviews and a follow-up dialogue session with six participants. The principal guiding research questions comprised the following: 1) What is the...