One of the most economically important genes in squash (Cucurbita spp.) is the B gene which conditions precocious depletion of chlorophyll in preanthesis fruit. The B genes are found naturally occurring in at least three of the five domesticated species of Cucurbita, including C. pepo, C. maxima and, most recently...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) comes in a huge assortment of fresh and dried varieties, including snap beans, kidney beans, and pinto beans. Together, these and other market classes provide a third of the daily dietary protein in some cultures, particularly in Africa, Asia, and developing nations in the Americas....
Improving crop cultivars for use on organic farms is pertinent, as current elite germplasm is less resilient within the more variable context of organic farm environments. Although a growing number of studies have focused on organic plant breeding in cereal crops, very few have focused on vegetable crops, especially those...
The persistent color (pc) trait in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to a member of the cosmetic stay-green gene family. It is considered very desirable by snap bean breeders for its impacts on pod quality. Persistent color imparts a uniform dark-green color to pods and expresses in seeds as...
Although the concept of breeding crops for organic agricultural systems has been around for decades, few studies have been reported for vegetable crops to quantify and compare how conventional and organic systems differ in their selection pressures on genotypes advancing through the breeding cycle; especially research utilizing modern sequencing capabilities....
This is a Ph.D. dissertation for a study conducted at OSU/Horticulture. The main objective of this study was dissecting the genetic background for white mold resistance in common (snap) bean. Tow main approaches were followed to achieve the goal. The first approach was using the classical quantitative trait loci (QTL)...
Green bean flavor has been studied since the 1960’s to better understand Blue Lake flavor in processed green beans in Oregon. Research by Stevens and colleagues showed that Blue Lake flavor could be reconstituted in a bland bean by adding 0.4ppm of 1-octen-3-ol and 1.6ppm of 3-hexen-1-ol. These two volatile...
Root rot diseases are a major constraint to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
production around the world. Both snap beans and dry beans are affected. Root rot diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens; however, Fusarium solani is a common causal agent. Fusarium root rot is a primary yield...
Snap beans are the vegetable form of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with low fiber, stringless and round, succulent pods that are eaten in the immature stage. Seed companies commit significant resources to maintaining purity and uniformity of snap bean cultivars. While some variability may be introduced through outcrossing (beans...
Organic agriculture is an important and growing sector of U.S. and world food production. Consumers are increasingly aware of and interested in the production practices and impacts associated with agriculture and as such, are showing a preference for sustainably produced, raised, and harvested foods. In order to continue to meet...
Genetic and morphological characteristics of an architectural mutant in common beans were studied. The mutant had shiny, dark green leaves, overlapping leaflets, short petioles and a reproductive terminal bud even though the line did not carry the fin gene. Branching was nearly absent resulting in a single stem vine. This...
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important disease of Cucurbita worldwide. Resistant cultivars are the best means of control. ZYMV resistance is quantitative in the wild species C. ecuadorensis, and is controlled by at least three genes in tropical C moschata. Very little molecular work has been done in...
Purple tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculemtum) were bred by incorporating
genes that result in anthocyanin production in the skin of fruits. These genes
originally came from related wild species as no naturally occurring genes encoding
fruit anthocyanin expression are known within the cultivated species. By
combining Aft or Abg with atv or...
Phenolic compounds are known to have biological activity with beneficial effects on human health. Fruit of cultivated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are a major source of phenolics in the U.S. diet because this crop is the second most consumed vegetable per capita, but actual levels are low compared to other...
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a necrotrophic pathogen capable of causing white mold, a severe disease in common bean. White mold is of particular concern to the Oregon snap bean processing industry, where processors allow less than
3% incidence in harvested shipments. Breeding for white mold resistance in beans...
The purpose of this research was to develop tools and germplasm for the production of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with high fruit phenolics without the use of genetic engineering. A candidate gene analysis was undertaken to identify genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato fruit (Aft, Abg, atv, and Purple Smudge)....
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James R. Myers
The purpose of this research was to develop tools and germplasm for the
Interspecific hybridization was initiated between wild P. acutifolius accession G40199 and P. vulgaris to introgress resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean seed weevil). F1 interspecific hybrids were recovered by embryo rescue and maintained until flowering. Mostly sterile hybrids were backcrossed twice to common bean cultivar ICA Pijao to recover sufficient fertility...
White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, is a destructive yield-limiting disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Genetic resistance to this pathogen is limited in common bean. Identification of high levels of partial physiological resistance in a genetically cross compatible species, Phaseolus coccineus, is advisable. The objectives...
Betalains are a group of compounds that are major natural food colorants used by the food processing industry. These secondary compounds are found in only a few orders of plants with the Caryophyllales being the source of several domesticated crops. In particular, the family Chenopodiaceae in general and table beets...
Though currently relatively unknown outside Latin America, Andean root and tuber crops are rapidly gaining interest elsewhere. Tubers are a major food and important sources of nutrition in South America and have potential in countries outside their center of origin. We conducted a two-part study on oca (Oxalis tuberosa), mashua...
Root rot diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a problem wherever they are grown, and are a major constraint to dry edible and snap bean production. Root rot is a primary yield limitation of snap bean production in the US, especially within the top three snap bean producing states...
The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was employed on snap bean (OR 91G x PI433251B) and dry bean (M0162 x PI433251B) interspecific populations to transfer resistance QTL from resistant donor parent Phaseolus coccineus into P. vulgaris. For OR 91G x PI433251B, analyses produced nine linkage groups corresponding to...
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James R. Myers
The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was
White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, results in severe losses in the production of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, especially snap bean varieties. Advanced backcross QTL analysis was used to identify quantitative trait loci for resistance to white mold in an interspecific cross of P. vulgaris and P....
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James R. Myers
White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, results in
Small-scale fisheries often suffer from weak, formal governance, and in response they organize in various ways. These self-organizational arrangements rely on the capacity of informal institutions, such as norms and communication, in generating social cohesion among actors in the supply chain and therefore improve the likelihood of generating commonly devised...
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James R. Watson
Small-scale fisheries often suffer from weak, formal governance
The defining feature of our planet are the oceans, which make up 70% of the Earth’s surface. The importance of the ocean cannot be understated: 50% of oxygen originates from phytoplankton; heat is absorbed and redistributed by ocean currents; and hundreds of millions of people rely on the ocean for...
Small-scale fisheries around the world are increasingly facing pressures from a range of environmental, economic, and social sources. In order to sustain the societal benefits of small-scale fisheries, it is imperative to understand how fishing communities adapt to disturbances. Fishermen often catch multiple different species as an adaptation technique because...
Riparian areas are an integral component of fluvial ecosystems. The management of Oregon's riparian areas has come under greater scrutiny since that latest revision of the Oregon Forest Practices Act (1994). Many riparian areas lie within forested areas. Riparian management issues such as anadromous fish population decline and large woody...
The analysis of a member carrying a combination of lateral and axial
loads (a "beam-column") is a problem of frequent occurrence in aircraft
structural design. This thesis presents the derivation and application
of the Polar method, both analytical and graphical. The method was first
suggested in Germany, several years later...
The heat-transfer mechanism studied in this experiment was
pool boiling from a flat horizontal surface facing upward with the
bulk liquid at its saturation temperature. The hot-film anemometer
probe was introduced to boiling heat-transfer analysis as a possible
device for counting active nucleation sites and for other investigations
such as...
A qualitative evaluation was made of the adherence between
borosilicate glass and the ceramics, steatite and alumina. Three
basic adherence studies were performed.
(1) A comparison between the x-ray diffraction patterns of
the ceramic and the fused glass-ceramic powder mixture was made
to determine if any new compounds were formed...
The effects of round, square, and reentrant entrances on flow
regimes and local heat transfer coefficients were determined using a symmetrical,
plane-wall two-dimensional, subsonic air diffuser with one
of the diverging walls heated and maintained isothermal.
Flow and heat transfer studies were made at total divergence
angles ranging from 0...
The purpose of this thesis work has been the design, construction
and calibration of an instrumented surface for convective heat
transfer studies. The surface is in the form of a flat plate roughly
24 inches wide by 48 inches long. It is made up of 48 individual
cells, laminated side-by-side...
The free convective heat transfer phenomena in air between two
vertical plates 24 by 38 inches spaced 15.895 mm apart, was investigated in this experimental study. One plate was isothermal and, the
other adiabatic.
A quartz fiber anomometer was used for measuring local
velocities in the air between the vertical...
There is need for more knowledge of the naturally acquired
diseases of the laboratory rat. Respiratory diseases occurring in
the species were reviewed with special reference to an acute respiratory
disease affecting certain rats in the Oregon State University
closed Wistar rat colony which has also involved human infections.
The...
A constant temperature anemometer, utilizing quartz coated hot
film probes, was used to measure velocities from .1 to 5 cm/sec.
The effects on anemometer performance due to time, reimmersion,
and metallic sensor coatings were examinated by repeated calibrations
of the probes. Contrary to previous published results, calibration
change due to...
Radiation induced heat generation rates of several nonfissionable materials were measured calorimetrically in a nuclear reactor environment. The calorimeter was uniquely designed to allow many materials of grossly different heat generation rates to be measured. heat transfer characteristics of the calorimeter were determined analytically and experimentally. Materials were chosen to...
The selenium-responsive syndromes and the discovery of
Factor 3-selenium focused attention on selenium in metabolism. Two
hypotheses have been advanced to explain the metabolic effect of
selenium: 1) substitution or sparing of alpha tocopherol, and 2) a
primary role in metabolism. The first hypothesis is supported by
Scott and Desai,...
An experimental investigation was conducted for natural convection
heat transfer in an array of uniformly heated vertical cylinders
in mercury. The test section consisted of seven electrically heated
cylinders of 1.365 inch diameter and 3.825 inch heated length
arranged in an equilateral triangular pattern. In order to preclude
side flow...
A cold trap is a device used to remove certain impurities from
a liquid metal by controlled precipitation of such impurities.
An investigation of the thermal characteristics of laminar flow
in two air-cooled cold traps was made. This investigation showed
that the sodium heat transfer rate is a function of...
Heat transfer from a vertical flat plate in an infinite pool of
mercury was investigated. Velocity profiles were measured with a
hot-film anemometer and simultaneous temperature profiles measured
with thermocouples in this low Prandtl number liquid metal. Constant
heat flux plates at Grashof numbers of 9 x 10⁸ and 4...
A theoretical study of the heat and momentum transfer resulting
from a flow of power plant condenser effluent discharged vertically to
shallow, quiescent coastal receiving water is presented. The complete
partial differential equations governing steady, incompressible, turbulent
flow driven by both initial momentum and buoyancy are solved
using finite-difference techniques...
The heat-transfer phenomena studied in this work were
associated with pool boiling from a flat horizontal surface facing
upward with the bulk liquid at its saturation temperature. The
analysis of boiling sound and the investigation of the transition boiling
mechanism constituted the essence of the present study.
The distinctively large...
To study the association between Fusarium root-rot resistance
(Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) and economically inportant characteristics
of beans, 2259 lines each consisting of 30 plants were used.
The lines were randomly selected for root-rot reaction, but were
selected for differences in vigor and differences in plant and seed
pigments,...
Natural convection heat transfer in air between two vertical
plates 38 by 24 inches was investigated in this work with spacings
between the plates of 0.625, 1.0 and 1.75 inches. One plate was isothermal
and the other adiabatic.
To measure the point velocities in the air layer a very thin...
Note: From here on Minimum Pollution Product and MPP will be used
interchangeably.
This study was initiated to develop a trademark which could be
registered and used for advertising purposes by companies producing
and selling products which are minimum pollutants relative to competitive
products in the same market.
One of...
Concern about noise pollution has swept the country.
People are conscious of their environment and are trying to
preserve or to improve it. When the City of Lake Oswego
selected a site for their water treatment plant, they had
to assure the neighbors that it would not increase the
ambient...
An experimental investigation was conducted to determine
characteristics of natural convection of mercury in a vertical channel,
which was open at both ends. Two cases were investigated separately:
1) both walls uniformly and symmetrically heated, and 2) one wall
heated with the other insulated.
Heat transfer correlations in laminar flow...
This thesis is concerned with the analysis of heat transfer in a tube with forced flow under conditions of an arbitrary variation of wall heat flux both axially and circumferentially. This total study is separated into two distinct problems which are presented separately. The first is the case of a...
A study was conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics
of pin finned heat sinks in natural convection. Three pin
diameters were studied: 0.238 cm, 0.318 cm and 0.396 cm. The pins
were attached to the base in two arrangements, triangular and
rectangular, forming a horizontal array. Pin spacing was...
A steady gas convection model of heat transfer to a horizontal
cylinder immersed in a gas fluidized bed is presented. Contributions due to flow within
attached bubbles as well as the interstitial voids are
included. The interstitial flow is approximated as flow within a series
of double cusped channels and...
In recent years the conversion of agricultural lands to more
intensive non-rural land uses has become a focus of increasing public
awareness and concern. The growing attention to farmland conversion
is manifested in increasing public policies and legilsation to protect
agricultural and forestry land uses. Nevertheless, our understanding
of the...
Heat transfer characteristics and associated temperature and flow fields for natural convection in two-dimensional, square, partitioned and non-partitioned enclosures have been determined for Grashof numbers ranging from 10³ to 10⁶. The vertical side walls of the enclosure are isothermal with all other surfaces assumed to be adiabatic. An adiabatic partition...
An experimental study is described in which time-average local heat
transfer coefficients were obtained for arrays of horizontal tubes immersed
in a hot fluidized bed. Spatial-averaged heat transfer coefficients, computed
from local values, are also reported. Refractory particles with surface
mean diameters of 2.14 mm and 3.23 mm were fluidized...
The volumetric receiver is an advanced solar central receiver
concept designed to produce high temperature air. This document
presents the results of a heat transfer and performance evaluation of
the volumetric receiver concept.
The volumetric receiver consists of an array of ceramic fins or
fibers arranged in concentric rows around...
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were artificially
infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) to study
the physiological and hematolgical consequences of ENV-infection.
Infected and control fish were held in
pathogen-free seawater and sampled weekly for five weeks.
Physiological tests included plasma cortisol, glucose,
protein, and osmolality, blood lactic acid, and liver...
This thesis examines the transient and steady-state temperature performance
of a rotary regenerative heat exchanger. In contrast to previous
studies on this problem, fluid flow in the circumferential direction was
considered. Appropriate modeling was included to measure the effect of
carry-over on the differential equations describing mass and energy
conservation....
An experimental study of the properties of plane jets issuing at various angles into a cross-flow of air was conducted to obtain information relating to the momentum diffusion properties of the jet flow in order to provide a background for predicting the feasibility of the preswirl concept of the Volumetric...
Experimental data are reported for the time-averaged
local radiative and total heat transfer coefficients for
both an array of horizontal tubes as well as a single
horizontal tube immersed in a large-particle fluidized bed
at elevated temperatures. Spatial-averaged heat transfer
coefficients computed from the local values, using a simple
trapezoidal...
In this thesis the critical parameters involved in the
dislodgement and deformation of microbubbles in laminar
channel flow, are determined and evaluated. Experimentally
the effects of surface tension, viscosity, fluid flow rate,
density, and bubble diameter on bubble dislodgement were
evaluated. A theoretical scale analysis was performed which
provided a...
Differences in primary production and periphyton and macroinvertebrate
biomass between pairs of constrained (valley floor width of less than twice the active
channel width) and unconstrained reaches were investigated in Elk River and four
tributaries in southwest Oregon. In August 1991, macroinvertebrates were sampled
from individual cobbles, and rocks were...
Bidirectional reflectance is a fundamental property
used for the analysis of radiative heat transfer. It is a
form of reflectivity in which the spectral and directional
dependencies of both the beam incident on a surface and the
beam reflected from the surface are specified.
A new system has been designed...
Monoclonal antibodies were developed against USDA
challenge strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV).
Indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect antibodies
in supernatants of hybridomas. Hybridoma cells were developed
by fusing Sp 2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells obtained from
mice immunized four times with partially purified USDA
challenge strain...
Staphylococcal tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis are world-wide problems of
broilers and broiler breeders caused by staphylococci. Pathogenesis of the disease is
ill defined. Avian heterophils are analogous to mammalian neutrophils but the
granules appear to be different.
The first chemotactic study was done on heterophils from chickens having
natural staphylococcal infection...
During the operation of phase-change ink-jet printers a bubble formation
phenomenon often occurs. These bubbles are detrimental to the operation of
the printer and substantial efforts are made to remove them. The objective of
this research was 1: to develop a fundamental understanding of how bubble or
void formation occurs...
A two-dimensional model for predicting the rate of radiation
heat transfer for the interior of an industrial furnace is described.
The model is two-dimensional due to the assumptions of the heat
source as an infinite radiating plane and the heat sink as rows of
parallel tubes that are both infinite...
This study investigated the laboratory performance of crumb rubber modified
mixtures compared to a standard bituminous mixture using performance based test
procedures. This study was part of an asphalt resurfacing program for the Seattle
Washington area. Laboratory analyses were used to estimate the long term pavement
performance of these mixtures...
Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) produced against infectious
laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) of chickens reacted in
western blotting experiments with several different ILTV
protein bands in the absence of tunicamycin which inhibits
carbohydrate synthesis. Most of the MCA lost their
reactivity in western blotting experiments when extracts of
tunicamycin-treated ILTV CELC were used,...
Large quantities of unused heavy oil and residual waste products from the petroleum refining industry were deposited in on-site landfills, pits, and lagoons, prior to the promulgation of regulations governing their disposal and technology development that would further utilize and/or recycle these materials.
Contacting petroleum products with sulfuric acid for...
The composite FRP rebars research at Oregon State University was initiated in
1993 principally to develop a non-metallic hollow reinforcement. It was recognized that
the tensile properties of such reinforcement are unquestionably superior to steel, but its
performance in concrete could be problematic. The bond between FRP rebars and
concrete...
Environmental factors and physical properties of latex modified concrete (LMC)
are hypothesized to contribute to early age cracking in bridge deck overlays. Cracking
permits the ingress of moisture and aggressive solutions into the substrate and may
contribute to other subsequent distresses. Understanding the material properties and
mechanisms involved is necessary...
Heat transfer and fluid mechanical behavior of water
flowing horizontally in vertically-narrow rectangular
channels was studied in this work. Friction factor and
Nusselt number variations were determined experimentally
for four different wall heating conditions, and for aspect
ratios(height to width) of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. Wall
heating conditions...
Riparian areas contribute to numerous ecological-maintenance functions and so are
often the focus of protection efforts by land and resource management agencies. The riparian
land-use regulations of one jurisdiction, Lane County, Oregon, are assessed for effectiveness in
protecting ecological functions. Evaluation of the current condition of five elements of riparian...
Since 1983, the Oregon legislature and the Land Conservation
and Development Commission have been attempting to develop a
process whereby secondary resource lands can be identified and
designated. The most recent attempt at developing a secondary
lands model was completed in 1990 and was tested in six Oregon
Counties. Planners...
Increasing wilderness use, and the uneven distribution
of use within wilderness areas, have contributed to management
problems. Problems associated with some heavily visited areas are
in conflict with the intent of the Wilderness Act of 1964. One of
the constraints hindering optimal management has been the decentralized
nature of the...
A Delphi Expert Opinion procedure was used for evaluating Land Evaluation
and Site Assessment (LESA) ratings in Linn County, Oregon. The Delphi procedure uses
an expert panel to answer a set of questions by anonymous responses, controlled
feedback in two or three iterations, and a statistical summary of group responses....
The term Euclidean zoning is derived from the famous case
of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Company in which the U.S. Supreme
Court upheld the right of the town of Euclid to zone land on the
basis of land use categories (e.g. residential, commercial, and
industrial). Since Euclid, the field of...
There are certain circumstances where the zoning
ordinance must be modified to be just. The modifiers studied
for this paper were conditional use permits, special exceptions,
and variances. Philomath, Corvallis, and Benton
County, Oregon were the jurisdictions used for the study area.
It was determined that the exceptions to the...
The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology
whereby an objective evaluation of the performance approach to land
use planning may be possible. The methodology includes questionnaires
and a field sheet that relate to the administration process of permit
application and indicators of quality in developments. The methodology...
The purpose of Goal 3 in Oregon's statewide planning program is to conserve blocks of land suitable for commercial farm operations. Under state administrative rules, commercial means that which provides a substantial contribution to the regional agricultural economy. Application of this commercial standard by county governments has been inconsistent because...
Farm Use Assessment used as a planning tool to preserve
farmland in Oregon has achieved mixed success. While some land enrolled
in the program (especially near urban areas) has been converted to nonfarm
use, the majority of land has not. However, this may be due to
lack of '1opportunity profits"...
Marginal agricultural and forest lands are currently a focus of concern for public land use agencies in Oregon. Two alternatives for evaluating marginal agricultural lands are the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the marginal lands criteria of the 1983 Oregon Legislature's...
Marginal agricultural land is currently a focus of concern for
public land use agencies in Oregon. Two approaches for evaluating marginal
agricultural lands are the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model
of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, and the marginal lands criteria of
the 1983 Oregon Legislature's Senate Bill...
Planning for the visual resource has always been difficult
because of the complex nature of the subject matter. Recent federal
legislation has generated a large amount of research on the problem
of scenic measurement. Using an adaptation of a visual analysis
system used by the Forest Service, a fourteen square...
The preservation of land, such as wetlands and agricultural
lands, is often pursued through traditional methods such as zoning or
eminent domain. Transferable Development Rights provides a different
approach to the preservation of land by allowing the sale and transfer
of development rights from land to be protected to land...