Despite substantial technological developments over the last two decades, incidental catch of charismatic species still occurs in many world fisheries. Short of ceasing fishing activity, some bycatch is inevitable. In some cases, populations of these species are at low levels, and in several instances the species have been listed as...
The International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity (IPOA-Capacity) was introduced in 1999 in response to growing concerns about excessive levels of fishing capacity and its impact on global fisheries resources. While debate in academic circles has focused on appropriate ways in which to measure capacity, the...
In the UK, individual quotas are imposed on the demersal whitefish trawl fleet. Many of the key whitefish stocks are at historically low levels, and there is pressure on the industry to adjust to remove the current excess capacity. Adjustment in the fishery is likely to favour vessels that are...
Days at sea restrictions were introduced in 2003 as part of the cod recovery strategy in the North Sea. The impact on the profitability of the fleet of the effort controls, however, is not immediately discernable, as the fishery was also subject to changes in costs, prices and stock conditions....
Generalised linear estimation and multi-layer perception neural network modelling techniques were applied to the Scottish trawler fleet data in order to estimate which inputs have the greatest impact on boat profits and output. Both produced comparable estimates that revealed inelastic and non-linear response to vessel power and length, negative response...
The world’s output of farmed fish has grown steadily over the past two decades or so. Most
notably in the UK, since the mid 1980’s, a rapid increase in farmed salmon production has taken
place. Given that many of the world’s oceans are overfished, many see aquaculture as a method...
Economic performance of different fleet segments varies considerably from year to year, with some segments experiencing increased profitability while others experience decreased profitability. This variation is generally considered to be a consequence of the stochasticity in the industry. However, there is growing evidence that fisheries may not be as stochastic...
The Abalone Fishery in one of Victoria’s most valuable commercial fisheries and most of the catch is exported to international markets in Asia (Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, China). Target species consist of blacklip abalone and greenly abalone (<1% of total catch). The fishery is quota managed, and the total allowable...
Technical efficiency (TE) measures the relationship between a vessel’s inputs to the fishing process and its outputs, with full efficiency being achieved when outputs are maximised from a given set of inputs. Inputs can be physical (e.g. the vessel, gear, engine, onboard equipment, etc.), flexible (time spent fishing, size of...
Spatial bio-economic models are becoming increasingly important in the attempt to offer ever more dependable advice to fisheries managers. The main reason for this is the escalating interest in marine protected areas and more precisely fishing exclusion zones. As such the key issue of fishing effort dynamics needs to be...
Fishers are faced with multiple risks, including unpredictability of future catch rates, prices and costs. While the latter are largely beyond the control of fisheries managers, effective fisheries management should reduce uncertainty about future catches while also enhancing profitability. Different management instruments are likely to have different impacts on the...
Recently, there has been an increasing interest among researchers on efficiency in fisheries. They have not just been focused on the analysis of the efficiency itself but also for other purposes as measures of capacity utilisation. However, often, efficiency analyses do not offer clear results regarding the sources of the...
Despite the growing popularity of culture-based fisheries (CBFs) associated with village irrigation systems (VISs) in Sri Lanka, there is little knowledge about factors that influence productivity levels. To redress this, primary data from 325 fish farming groups in two districts (Kurunegala and Anuradhapura) are used to estimate a stochastic translog...
A recent analysis of the potential for management cost recovery in the UK suggested that such a policy would be detrimental to UK fishers if other European countries did not implement a similar charging policy. Most of the waters exploited by UK fishers are also exploited by fishers from other...
This study investigates the economic impact to fisheries and associated sectors if wild fisheries continue operating to
2030 without considering the effects of climate change. Estimates of climate change impacts in Australian fisheries
and their associated probability distributions were derived from the literature and expert consultations. An Input-
Output model...
The Australian federal fisheries policy identifies maximising net economic returns as the primary objective of fisheries management. This has largely been interpreted as maximising the net economic yield (MEY) in fisheries. For multispecies fisheries, this has been based on maximising the net present value of total profit in the fishery...
Differences in technical efficiency of fishing vessels are often attributed to skipper skill and differences in technology. While the later can be defined in terms of the technology employed, the former is more difficult to quantify. In this paper, the contribution of technology and skipper characteristics (e.g. level of education,...
Australian Commonwealth fisheries have adopted maximum economic yield as a target reference point. A bioeconomic model has been developed for one key fishery - the Northern Prawn Fishery - and is used in the provision of management advice. The development and application of this model has highlighted some challenges for...
The FAO International Plan of Action on the management of fishing capacity calls for all member states to provide estimates of the total capacity of their fleets by 2001. In the UK, a “capacity” measurement system is currently in place, based on vessel size and engine power. An assumption is...
The concept of compensatory mitigation is well established as an approach to environmental management. In the past, mitigation programs have been used to conserve wetlands affected by development, and is proposed as a cost-effective approach to offsetting greenhouse gas emissions through reforestation programs. The concept may be equally applicable to...
A concern for the consequences of bycatch and discards in fisheries has led to the implementation of
new policies and fisheries management plans aimed at their reduction in many fisheries around the
world. Such plans have been developed for the Australian Commonwealth fisheries (the most recent
bycatch action plan extends...
Fisheries management is characterised by multiple objectives. However, seldomly do bioeconomic models incorporate more than one or possibly two key objectives, typically profit and employment, into an analysis. There are both practical and technical reasons for this. This study considers the incorporation of eight key objectives into a bioeconomic analysis...
The introduction of culture-based fisheries (CBF) in small scale irrigation systems is increasing the marginal value of water in rice farming. The amount of water that is used in Sri Lanka for rice farming could be utilised to generate more profitable non-crop economic activities such as CBF. This paper examines...
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, University of Kelaniya, kule_econ@kln.ac.lk
Sean Pascoe, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
Closed areas are often used as either temporary or permanent measures to reduce fishing pressure on stocks. A major concern, however, is what happens to the effort that was previously employed in these areas. When modelling the potential impacts of the closed areas, it is necessary to model changes in...
Capacity reduction programs in the form of buybacks or decommissioning programs have had relatively widespread application in fisheries in the US, Europe and Australia. A common criticism of such programs is that they remove the least efficient vessels first, resulting in an increase in average efficiency of the remaining fleet....
Main objective of this paper is to analysis in what extent culture-based fisheries (CBF) facilitates increase rural income to reduce the poverty gap among the agricultural farming communities associated with village reservoirs in Sri Lanka The present study deals with the economic analysis CBF in 23 successfully harvested village reservoirs...
A higher dependence on the resources motivates to community participation on resources management. Uses of common property resources are not benefit to each and every person in equal rate of resources since magnitude of the resources extraction depend on the number of criterion. Selecting of the interest group for the...
The Australian Harvest Strategy Policy requires that maximum economic yield (MEY) be the target in all Commonwealth managed fisheries. For multispecies fisheries, unlike single species fisheries, the optimal yield is not independent of the optimal yield of the companion species (i.e. those species with which it is caught). In fisheries...
Main objective of this paper is to investigate current issues of the development of Culture-Based Fisheries (CBF) within the existing legal frame work. The experiences of CBF activities from 2003-2004 in five administrative districts in Sri Lanka have identified two main issues for the development of culture- based fisheries such...
With the development of the ecosystem approach to f
isheries (EAF), fisheries management is
increasingly required to deal with multiple, often
conflicting objectives. In this context, the
stochastic co-viability approach has been proposed
as a useful modeling framework as it allows
for the combined representation of complex fisherie
s dynamics,...
Individual Transferable catch-Quotas (ITQs) have become a popular management tool to reduce excess competition and foster economic efficiency in marine commercial fisheries. They have increasingly been used in more complex multispecies fisheries, where the by-catch of non-targeted species is common. In these fisheries, the reduction of discards is also being...
Considerable attention has been applied to the development of models explaining how fish stocks change over space
and time, from relatively simple stock-recruitment relationships to ecosystem models with a complex food web
structure. However, in many case studies fishing effort is assumed to be exogenous and even in dynamic models...
An inverse system framework is followed in this paper to analyse the process of price formation in the Sydney Fish Market for the quota species of Australias South East Fishery. The log-linear version is supported by the data and the system is estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique....
Under the IIFET 2018 Special Session “Tools for Stock Assessment, Economic Fishery Analysis, and Risk Assessment for Sustainable Management Strategies of Data Poor Stocks in Mixed, Small Scale and Indigenous Fisheries” a number of stakeholder presentations addressed the current status, challenges, needs and future perspectives for implementation of management and...
Information regarding signalment, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of 5 previously reported cases of anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non-grey horses and of 5 additional cases are summarized. Age was recorded for 9 horses and mean age was 16 years, range 8 to 23 years. Gender was recorded...
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horses
Valentine, B. A., Calderwood Mays, M. B., & Cheramie, H. S. (2014). Anaplastic
malignant
Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using ¹⁵N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum,...
Correction: 7 Mar 2016: The PLOS ONE Staff (2016) Correction: Successful Recovery of Nuclear Protein-Coding Genes from Small Insects in Museums Using Illumina Sequencing. PLOS ONE 11(3): e0151124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151124
As resource management efforts move towards more comprehensive approaches that spin multiple sectors and stakeholder groups, decision makers are faced with the challenge of deciding how important each group is, and how much weight their concerns should have, when making decisions. These decisions must be made transparently if they are...
A central challenge for natural resource management is developing rigorous yet practical approaches for balancing the costs and benefits of diverse human uses of ecosystems. Economic theory has a long history of evaluating tradeoffs in returns from different assets to identify optimal investment strategies. There has been recent progress applying...
Vietnam is in the club of countries gifted with the long coastal line, and strong in marine features accordingly. Fishing operations are artisan characteristic and the management method is primarily open – access. Since the past few years, the yellow fin tuna long- lining fishery has become one sub-sector experiencing...
Atrazine (ATZ) is a selective triazine herbicide used primarily for pre-emergent weed control in corn, sorghum and sugar cane production. It is one of the most widely used herbicides in North America. Some research published over the last decade suggests that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant ATZ concentrations can adversely...
Here we present a phylogeny of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) based on DNA sequence data from eight nuclear genes, including six single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes, for 367 species representing 172 of 183 extant families. Our results refine existing knowledge of relationships among major groups of beetles. Strepsiptera was confirmed as sister...
The seismicity of the North Atlantic was monitored from May 2002 to September 2003 by the ‘SIRENA array’ of autonomous hydrophones. The hydroacoustic signals provide a unique data set documenting numerous low-magnitude earthquakes along the section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) located in a ridge-hot spot interaction context. During the...
The purpose of this study is aimed at developing a simple bioeconomic model of the Namibian rock lobster fishery, with the main objective being to incorporate economics into fisheries management in order to estimate the potential economic benefits that could accrue to the fishery given efficient management. The complex nature...
The increasing demand for shark fins in Asia and the shark s life history pattern of slow growth, late maturity, and
few offspring, have generated concerns regarding the sustainability of shark resources. Despite this concern, little effort has
been spent on understanding the markets for shark fin products and the...
Since around 1923 Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray)
Parl.) has been affected by Phytophthora root disease caused by the virulent introduced
pathogen Phytophthora lateralis. A systematic resistance testing and breeding program
located at the USDA Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center in Cottage Grove,
Oregon was initiated in 1997 with...
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brown,
conidia. Sutton and Pascoe (1989) did not list S. thujina among the species comprising
this
Remote autonomous ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) were deployed in deep waters at five locations around the island of Kauai and one in waters off Ni'ihau in the main Hawaiian island chain. The EARs were moored to the bottom at depths between 400 and 800 m. The data acquisition sampling rate...
In this paper, the estimate of the productive efficiency for some Italian fleet segments is proposed. The estimate is based on a Stochastic Frontier Production (SFP) function and a Data Envelopment Analysis frontier (DEA) using micro data of fishing vessels. The essential random nature of the fishing processes under consideration...
Entrepreneurial New Zealand harvesters created a viable diving fishery for King Clams, Panopea zelandica, in the 1970's
contributing to the development of allocation rights to harvest. Once under the quota management system (QMS), however,
allocations for allowable catch do not reflect the harvest potential for this fishery. Expectations for quota...
Influence of the Skipper Effect in fishing efficiency of a mixed fishing fleet, looking at a Mexican case study. Understanding the factors that define technical efficiency in a fleet is a requirement to define strategies to regulate the fishing pressure. In industrial and semi-industrial fleets more weight has been given...
When attempting to mitigate the environmental impacts of a fishery there are typically multiple criteria
against which the performance of any measures can be assessed. If the gains are non-commercial (i.e.
non-market) in nature, formally determining how well measures perform becomes more difficult. This study applies the analytic hierarchy process...
In this paper we analyse different econometric procedures of technical efficiency to estimate fishing capacity. These procedures are then applied to the purse seine fishery located in the Gulf of Cádiz. The target species of this fishery has changed quite a lot over the past few years. It used to...
Most fish stocks worldwide are not optimally exploited and are therefore are producing less in biologic and economic terms that what it could be obtained. MSY objective for all the stocks by 2015 is put forward by several countries as management target to be achieved, while other countries such as...
A wide range of fisheries are managed using vessel catch limits combined with different kinds of effort restrictions. This management framework is expected to have desirable consequences for the bioeconomic sustainability of fisheries. When appropriately implemented this approach produces outcomes that are similar to those associated with individual fishing quotas....
The incorporation of fisheries commodities into the International Food Policy Research Institute’s (IFPRI) International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) model suggests that demand for fisheries products will rise faster than supply over the next two decades, and that fishery commodity prices will rise relative to...
Economic performance indicators are needed in order to improve fisheries policy in Vietnam. The
research project “Revenues and Costs of Fishing Vessels in the Nha Trang Area” has been established to
meet these needs. A questionnaire about technical characteristics and economic data of vessel and gear
in use in the...
Overcapacity situations appear regularly in the activity of marine natural resource exploitation. The measure of capacity utilisation and allocative efficiency for fishing vessels is an approach that can determine the details of that overcapacity. On the one hand, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) methodology can be used in the case of...
Few doubt the need for government intervention to manage the use of fisheries resources. The nature of access to fisheries resources means that intervention is required to provide for optimal economic performance and to meet environmental objectives. Management authorities therefore spend considerable funds to conduct stock research, make decisions and...
In this paper a data envelopment model is presented to evaluate short term investment decisions in the Dutch beam trawl and demersal fleet. We investigated how short run profit drives investment decisions and how a data envelopment analysis can be used to show what the optimal level of capital use...
To reduce fleet capacity in European fisheries is an important objective of the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy. The success of such programmes depends both on the variation and the level of efficiency within the fishing fleets. If vessels with significantly lower efficiency level than average are decommissioned, the actual...
The fishing activities within the English Channel may be regarded as various components of one large multi-species multi-gear multi-area fishery. As a result of a bioeconomic analysis of this fishery, significant differences in profitability between activities were outlined. According to industrial economics, such differences may be regarded as the result...
The European Common Fisheries Policy Reform includes new discard regulation that is likely to have the greatest impact on fisheries and fleets of any recent regulation. However, there is a distinct lack of data or empirical knowledge available to inform the effects on fleets. This has the potential to result...
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trials 2011: final report. MMO,
London.
PascoeS. 1997. Bycatch management and the economics of
The optimal harvesting time in a fish farm is analyzed in the paper. Fish population is assumed to be heterogeneous with respect to weight, so a distributed parameter dynamic model is considered. Theoretical and numerical results are obtained and compared with the ones concerning homogeneous fish cultures only. The results...
Surveys of flora and fauna were conducted in riparian areas of six streams in the general vicinity of the Iron Mountain mine near Redding, California. The surveys were intended to provide part of the information needed for a natural resource damage assessment (NRDA), should such an assessment be desired at...
This paper analyzes optimal fishery management in the presence of an endangered predator that competes with humans for a commercially viable prey. Because traditional predator controls are not possible when the predator is endangered, we focus on harvest effort controls over the prey’s habitat as a means to maintain the...
The decision to enter or exit a fishery can be expected to depend on the anticipated profitability of operating in
this fishery, as a function of observed vessel performances in previous years. For a vessel exiting a fishery,
there may be several reasons including decommissioning, selling or operating elsewhere. Entry...
Reef fish traded alive for table food is a high value-to-volume fishery, with demand centred in luxury markets in Hong Kong and southern mainland China. Approximately twenty countries in the Asia-Pacific region supply these markets. A number of economic, environmental and social issues have arisen from the trade; including the...
Final program details of Visible Possibilities: The Economics of Sustainable Fisheries, Aquaculture and Seafood Trade, the 16th Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, held July 16-20, 2012 in the Hyatt Regency Kilimanjaro Hotel, Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Yearly revisions of Total Allowable Catch under EU policies for the management of North Sea fisheries come at
high management costs and capital adjustment costs. It is unclear whether current EU fisheries policy strikes the
right balance between the need to regularly adjust fish quota to new information on one...
The “Protestant ethic” with its emphasis on hard work, efficiency, and frugality has influenced the values of North
American fishing communities. Many commercial fishers concur with its principle of “waste not, want not,” and believe that
discarding marketable fish is wrong. In industrialized fisheries, this ethic by itself is inadequate,...
The increasing move to citizen participation in policy formulation is being witnessed in European fisheries. The emergence of the Regional Advisory Councils (RACs) and other processes via the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is sparking hope and interest in more regionally relevant, holistic, and hopefully workable fisheries management measures. In...
This paper analyzes the behavior of fishing households under individual transferable quotas (ITQ) system based on Singh, Squire and Strauss household model. ITQ system is sought to be the optimal fishery management regime in terms of economic efficiency. However, preceding theoretical analyses only considered implementing ITQ to a well established...
The harvest technology of several multispecies fisheries has been explained in the recent literature using dual-based models. These studies are useful for explaining rent dissipation, estimating input and output elasticities, as well as describing other aspects of fisherman behavior. Most of these analyses have assumed that inputs are fixed at...
The concept of natural resource rents is much used in the natural resource and fisheries
economics literature. It is therefore somewhat surprising that in this same literature it is difficult
to find a clear definition of either natural resource rents or fisheries rents. Possibly, as a result,
the concept is...
The Conference Program for IIFET, held July 10-14 in Corvallis, Oregon. Program lists the sessions by date and time and includes the session titles, speakers and paper titles.
This paper provides a Total Allowable Catch (TAC) assessment model for a single gear, multi-species fishery in South Korea. To estimate appropriate Allowable Biological Catch (ABC) of mackerel and jack mackerel caught by the large purse seine fleet in the territorial waters of South Korea, the model uses an extended...
In this paper, a new test for causality in demand on markets supplied by both farmed and captured fish is
presented. This method is applied on markets for trout and potential substitutes imported to Germany, to
identify market delineation and causality in demand. It is found that markets for small...
This paper proposes a two-stage method to estimate a generalized Gordon-Schaefer model,
using heterogeneous fishing data in the logbook. A Cobb-Douglas production function is consistently
estimated in the first stage by means of the ‘within period estimator’. A stock index
is constructed and used to estimate the logistic growth model...
Fishing overcapacity has lead to unsustainable harvesting and rent dissipation in global fisheries. Only government intervention of some kind can lead to a reduction in capacity. If efficiency is the primary objective for the regulator, then the least efficient vessels should be decommissioned. Here we analyze the Swedish fishery using...
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have been used in several countries worldwide to regulate access to
marine fisheries. While ITQs can improve the economic efficiency of fisheries, in practice they are not a
panacea and distribution and equity issues have been raised in many cases. To overcome those issues,
ITQ systems...
In this paper, we study recovering processes for fisheries facing crisis or over-exploitation of a marine renewable
resource. We examine how to restore resource stocks and modify the economic characteristics of the fleet in order to
put on a sustainable exploitation system, near of some maximal standard as the Maximum...
A key issue in fisheries restoration is the speed at which recovery can occur, while still meeting the
economic and social constraints which managers must deal with. This paper uses the viable control approach to examine fisheries restoration and study the tradeoffs involved with the selection of recovery strategies. We...
This paper explores the possibility of using marine reserves to protect stocks subject to bycatch problems. The importance of migration rates and growth rates of both target and bycatch species and costs are analyzed. Pure open access equilibrium harvest of target species and stock level of bycatch species are compared...
Prior research has revealed evidence for both proximity seeking and relational distancing following interpersonal rejection (Williams, 2007). The present study explored evidence for both processes in the context of face-to-face interactions. Participants were accepted or rejected by one person then asked to interact with a new relationship partner for the...
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) was a key participant in the FAO technical and policy-level consultations of 1991-1999 that led to the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The U.S. Plan of Action includes a commitment to prepare regular assessments of overcapacity in federally-managed...
Despite growing interest in Marine Protected Areas, relatively little is still known in practice about their economic impact or their distributional consequences for stakeholders. The present paper, based on an EU-funded project, attempts to shed light on this issue by examining the economics of an artisanal fishery operating in an...
The Florida spiny lobster trap certificate program (TCP) is one of the oldest U.S. fisheries programs involving tradable effort permits. Under the TCP, fishers must own a certificate (and pay an associated annual fee) for each trap used. The program was created in 1992 to address overcapitalization amid growing social...
This paper deals with the sustainable management of a renewable resource
based on individual and transferable quotas (ITQs) when agents differ in terms of
harvesting costs or catchability. In a dynamic bio-economic model, we determine
the conditions under which the manager of an ITQ system can achieve sustainability
objectives which...
The European Common Fisheries Policy Reform includes new discard regulation that is likely to have the greatest impact on fisheries and fleets of any recent regulation. However, there is a distinct lack of data or empirical knowledge available to inform the effects on fleets. This has the potential to result...
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Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
The decision making process (Pascoe, 1997)
Department of Food
There are many fishing landing areas in southern Iran, distributed all along the northern Persian
Gulf. Despite increasing effort, the total catch has fluctuated in recent years. Iran is facing with
over capacity of vessels and too many fishers, yet simultaneously political, social and
economical pressures exist for expansion of...
Nile tilapia has been cultivated in intensive systems in Yucatan, Mexico, during the first years of this century. Nevertheless, its adoption faces technical (related to the use of commercial feed) and marketing problems (fixed price of $2.14/Kg), which are analyzed in this paper. To do this, a bioeconomic model of...
This paper re-examines the evidence of causality and price transmission between fish prices of main species landed into Piraeus (Greece) and Cornwall (UK). To complete the analysis of cointegration and causality, we use the data of Floros and Failler (2004) and Avdelas (2004). Our paper uses the Bivariate Generalised Autoregressive...