Reprinted January 1979. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Globally, it is estimated that over 2,518,200 tons of hides and skins were exported in the year 2011 alone, with an estimated world production yield of 23 billion square feet of finished leather (FA0, 2011; Mwinyihija, 2011). While some manufacturers have adopted eco-friendly production methods, most tanneries still practice the...
Primate populations are declining in number, with an estimated “60% of primate species threatened with extinction from hunting and trapping” (Estrada et al., 2017). The largest threat to mammals in West and Central Africa is commercial hunting (Jost Robinson, Daspit, & Remis, 2011). Hunting these large mammals was once practiced...
This thesis examines how two grass seed industries
respond to changes in the production environment. Two sets
of factors are necessary to understand what adjustments
would be made. First, it is necessary to know the nature of
the markets and whether market power is being exerted.
Second we need to...
The National Research Council has aggregated research evidence on the pedagogy of science teaching and learning (NRC, 2012), culminating in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). These standards support emphasis on eight scientific practices as an important component for teaching science as inquiry to K-12 students. This latest framework for...
The in planta growth of three wild type strains of phytopathogenic bacteria and three nonpathogenic mutant strains was studied to determine if mutations eliminating the ability of the mutant strains to cause disease had affected their growth in leaf tissue. The mutant strains were obtained by Tn5 mutagenesis of Pseudomonas...
This study investigates how teachers develop and extend their understanding and knowledge of teaching and learning with digital technologies in a primarily online Master of Science program. The investigation focuses on exploring the relationship between developing an online community of learners and the construction of technological pedagogical and content knowledge...
The focus of this study was to examine the administrative legacy of two African American women administrators, Maxine Buie Mimms and Wintonnette Joye Hardiman, who administrated The Evergreen State College-Tacoma, Washington (TESC-T) campus for more than three decades. TESC-T is nationally known for its community-based curriculum and pedagogy, high retention...
Post-secondary education institutions across the United States are increasingly allocating resources to promote international education exchange programs as a pedagogical praxis to develop students into global citizens. Underlying such notions of global citizenship is the assumption that students will also develop a stronger post-national or cosmopolitan identity as a result...
This analysis is the study of Oregon's wildlife resources from
the period prior to white settlement up to the present time, including
critical projections, based on present trends and expected conditions
for both human and wildlife populations in the state up to the year 2010.
Prior to white settlement Oregon...
This thesis presents an introduction to Marketing Research concepts,
relates Operations Research to Marketing Research and discusses
the limitations of each. An Information Theory approach based
on Shannon's fundamental theorems and extended by Kunisawa is
applied to one-factor and two-factor marketing problems.
The objective of one-factor information channel models is...
This dissertation treats information theory and its applications
to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are
covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis,
(2) estimation using multi-factor information channel models, and
(3) information theory applied to Markov chain analysis.
A major portion of this dissertation concerns...
The main concern of this paper is to study the changes
that have occurred in the structure of the agricultural land base during
the last twenty-two years. Deuel County, Nebraska, was chosen as
the problem area being representative of the national trends. It was
found that the main means of...
This research is an effort to appraise the results of the 1963
legislation, especially in terms of the spatial aspect. Has it achieved
the desired purpose? How many, and what size of farms are involved?
Where are these farms located?
The research field work resulted in a definitive map showing...
An analytic model for implementation of participatory process control was
designed from a literature review of management theory, organizational development,
statistical process control and base study methodology. A fieldwork research
plan was developed using case study methods to explain the functional flow of the
model. The research data on a...
The purpose of the study was to provide a method for evaluating the effect, impact or role that (as perceived by automotive, diesel, automotive collision faculty and administrators) the nationally recognized industry training standards developed by Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) and National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) have on the...
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and communicate a student-constructed model of student services for electronic distance education (EDE). This study seeks to answer the following questions: Do students enrolled in EDE perceive a need for student services? If not, why not? Which services do students want/need?...
Community colleges are experiencing a decline in state allocated funding. Traditionally, college administrators look for ways to cut expenditures and raise tuition and fees to make up for the shortfall. Using available land resources to generate a revenue stream may provide revenue for community colleges.
The purpose of this study...
Food hubs are a key solution to advance local and regional food systems by providing aggregation, storage, and distribution services to small and mid-sized farmers and thereby help them to access local and regional markets. By performing these functions, food hubs produce valuable services to not only farmers but to...
The study was designed to determine if students using the individualized
instruction method, scored significantly higher on a 30 question
achievement test than did students in more traditional group paced
programs. The study also attempted to determine if attitudes displayed
by educators, as measured on an attitude scale, aided in...
The purpose of this study, to examine the relevance of U.S.
graduate education in agriculture to careers in agricultural
development of East African agriculturalists, was examined in
terms of three problems:
Problem 1: Was U.S. graduate education in agriculture
relevant to careers in agricultural development of East
African agriculturalists?
Problem...
This qualitative study explores the experiences of women who are welfare
recipients attending a community college under the auspices of a new program,
Washington State's WorkFirst/Work Study program. The study, conducted over
two academic quarters, includes in-depth interviews with WorkFirst/Work Study
students, observations in a weekly seminar, and interviews with...
This research examines how marketing strategies of produce managers affect consumer expenditures for fresh apples and pears. The objective of this study is to determine how display size, point-of-purchase material, product origin, product information and display placement impact consumer expenditures for fresh apples and pears. These variables were incorporated into...
This research seeks to understand the influences of perception on land use around
the Mount Hood area of Oregon and evaluate how it has evolved over the past 4,000
years. The study addresses three specific questions:
1) How has the study area evolved over time into the modern landscape?
2)...
A high-spectral resolution laser-excited molecular fluorescence
system was developed that utilizes a pulsed supersonic expansion to
simplify the fluorescence excitation spectra of large, gas-phase
aromatic molecules diluted in an excess of a monatomic gas. A
microcomputer was used to control and synchronize the instrumental
components, which included a Chromatix CMX-4...
Working conditions in the international garment industry have long been a concern and a process to assess and certify fair trade practices was developed as a means by which to improve those conditions. Standards for fair trade apparel include safe working conditions, fair wages, compliance with laws, and reduced environmental...
Published May 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Keywords: Steve Strauss, Rick Strachan, Starker Forests, Wheeler Wood Composites Laboratory, Barbara Middleton, Joan Davies, Lisa Mattes, Larry Chapman, Iwan Ho, Jim WIlson, John Sessions, Brian Kramer, Mike Newton, Faye Stewart, Norma Erickson, Paul Adams, Gordan A. and Priscilla E. Duncan, Jim Trappe, Corey Arentz, Wang Zheng-Qi, Loran L. ("Stub")...
The Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP), piloted in Oregon in 2001, provided $100 worth of vouchers (aka coupons) to low-income seniors to buy fresh local produce from farmers at farmers' markets and roadside stands. Presented in a political ecology framework, this research integrated the perspectives of beneficiaries and their...
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) sought to reform the health care system of the United States in a number of key ways, including by expanding access to health insurance to low-income Americans. The legislation provided for the expansion of Medicaid, the jointly funded federal-state public...
When the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, eligibility for Medicaid was expanded to include people whose income was less than 138% of the federal poverty level. In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that states could choose whether to expand their Medicaid programs or not. The objective of this...
_____________________________________________________________________
Larry Gilley, Committee Member, representing College of Public Health and Human Sciences
As demands for major, system-wide reforms in the American welfare system are being
called for on an almost daily basis, it has become increasingly necessary to identify and
evaluate those programs which have attempted to foster a reduction in the level of public
assistance subsidies and, particularly, programs that are...
Published August 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Most farmers’ markets lack information to make effective
changes and improvements. We have designed three
simple, low-cost methods to address the information gaps.
The first two—attendance counts and dot surveys—are
quantitative and can be used independently by markets.
The third method is the more complete Rapid Market
Assessment (RMA), which...
Farm equipment is becoming an increasingly important
financial asset for many farmers. Tractors probably represent the
single largest component of equipment asset value. As such, changes
in tractor values can have a dramatic effect on a farmer's financial
situation. Changes in equipment value can be attributed to
depreciation and the...
With Animal Welfare issues are becoming more prominent in the animal agriculture community, especially with the passing of California’s Proposition 2 during the November 2008 elections. This proposition, known as the Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act, mandates that laying hens, pigs and veal calves have the ability to stand...
According to USDA research, Oregon in 2002 had the highest rate of hunger and one of the highest rates of food insecurity in the United States. Although the margin of error involved with these statistics indicates that the state may not actually be at the top of the list, a...
This work describes the development of an accurate, low-cost, expandable and wearable health and activity monitoring platform. Wearable monitors used to track physical activity are becoming an increasingly popular and effective way to combat our dangerously sedentary lifestyles. Unfortunately most existing wearable solutions are either costly, inaccurate or cumbersome. The...
Increasing commodity and fuel prices can be a deterrent to growing broilers in the Pacific Northwest. One of the most common protein components of the broiler ration is soybean meal derived from soybeans grown in the Midwestern United States. In an effort to reduce the reliance on this product, alternative...
Research has been completed that evaluates two methods for the
extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAH) from water.
The two methods compared were EPA Method 610, a liquid-liquid
extraction method, and a method involving PNAH adsorption on
commercially available short C₁₈ bonded phase columns, Sep-Paks,
in series with glass microfiber...
Athletic workout clothing is designed to help the wearer stay comfortable, cool,
and dry. There are several different styles of athletic apparel available at retailers and each individual has a preference as to what is comfortable for him or her. Comfort of clothing has traditionally been related to the fabric...
Agricultural production in the Sahelian region of Africa is
among the lowest in the world. Cyclical infestations of locusts and
grasshoppers have contributed to this low productivity. The infestations
appear to be triggered by heavy rainfall at the beginning of a crop season
after extended drought. Because locusts and grasshoppers...
In Uganda, there are an estimated 200,000 women suffering from obstetric fistula, with
1,900 new cases expected annually. These figures, combined with a persistently high
maternal mortality rate, have led to an international discourse that claims the solution to
improving maternal health outcomes is facility-based delivery with a skilled birth...
Napropamide [2-(alpha-naphthoxyl)-N,N-diethylpropionamide], a
preemergence herbicide, is widely used in the United States on a
variety of tree fruits, nut crops, vegetables, and mint for annual
grass and broadleaf weed control. When napropamide has been left on
the soil surface without incorporation through irrigation or mechanical means, inconsistent results have been...
The ecological interaction between the largest coastal predator, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and the most abundant shallow water marcrozooplanktonic prey, mysids, were examined in a poorly-understood predator-prey relationship along the central Oregon coast. From 2002-2008, 83 seasonal gray whales were identified. These whales returned each year around Memorial Day...
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami raised concern among marine park managers and
hazard mitigation professionals about the significant impact of major coastal hazards
on marine park natural resources and ecosystems. The main reason for this concern is
the strong linkage of marine parks and their rich assortment of ecosystem services...
Apparel has been described as a portable environment (Jintu & Tsang, 2008). This portable environment has the ability to facilitate human presence in a variety of situations, conditions, and circumstances that would otherwise be uncomfortable, harmful, or even fatal. Personal protective garments (PPGs) that provide thermal insulation from external heat...
Revised November 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how novice students solved computer programming problems in a beginning college level computer science (CS) course with an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) and what knowledge they obtained about OOP and computer problem solving (CPS) as a result of their experiences....
Many fishermen diversify their income by fishing in more than one fishery which can significantly reduce year-to-year variation in income. However, opportunities to diversify have become more limited as access to fisheries has become more restricted. The implementation of catch share systems could further reduce diversification if those who remain...
The purpose of this study was to identify the dry season
vegetable production sources of information, technical knowledge
base and needs of women farmers expressed by the women farmers
themselves in Ngabu Agricultural Development Division, Malawi,
Central Africa.
The objectives were to identify the following aspects of dry
season vegetable...
The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant
difference in cognitive achievement and retention occurred when skeletal
system anatomy and terminology were presented utilizing either videotaped
presentations or a traditional laboratory procedure.
Fifty-three first semester nursing students enrolled in biology
(Bio. 160 anatomy and physiology) at Lethbridge...
Surveys of both patients and health care providers have indicated strong interest, up to 95%, in favor of advance directives, which are legal documents that express patients' healthcare treatment decisions. Despite the widespread support for advance directives, actual completion rates are very low, ranging from 4% to 20% for the...
Substantial research on the functionality of athletic apparel has been conducted; however little consideration has been given to the plus size figure. Societal messages suggest that overweight women are lazy and therefore would not be interested in athletic apparel. The purpose of this study was to determine overweight adult women's...
The focus of this research was to examine the relationship between the Oregon secondary agricultural education teachers’ level of computer-based technology integration, perceptions of barriers to computer-based technology integration, and learning style preferences. Additionally the correlational analysis of the level of computer-based technology integration and the following demographic variables was...
Increased variability of rainfall and flow from climate change has the potential to stress existing transboundary water sharing agreements and make meeting the needs of all riparians difficult. Water treaties have been theorized as valuable tools for mitigating conflict in times of climate stress, but the relationship between the design...
In animals, reproductive behaviors serve to attract individuals together during the
breeding season and to coordinate the behavioral and physiological states of individuals
so that mating can successfully occur. In snakes, the various reproductive behaviors
including courtship, mating, courtship inhibition, male combat and trailing are mediated
primarily by pheromones. Pheromones...
This research presents the Colorado River basin as a social-ecological
system. Utilizing event data on cooperative and conflictive interactions over fresh water, the system is decomposed to look for evidence of outcomes of resilience enhancement. The Animas-La Plata Project in the upper San Juan basin is presented as a case...
Campus administrators are partially responsible for how a campus responds to a critical incident and how the students and outside community are impacted. It is important for administrators responding to critical incidents to take an objective look at their plans and preparations to determine if they will truly be effective...
Reform in science education has often emphasized task-based learning as an instructional method to improve student understanding and retention of concepts, and to promote the development of reasoning and problem-solving. Yet studies assessing student knowledge at the beginning and end of a task-based class show mixed results. Students in task-based...
The purpose of this study was to describe the development of mathematics
preservice teachers’ technology pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) in a
subject specific, technology integrated teacher preparation program. The study also
investigated the roles of several influential components of the program and the
technology thread throughout the program in supporting...
This research project focuses on the Walla Walla River Basin located on the east side of the states of Oregon and Washington, USA. With the support and collaboration of the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council, this work embraces four research topics. The first topic includes the feasibility study of artificial...
Although many science educators and researchers believe that emotion is an important part of the learning process, few researchers have dealt with the topic in a systematic fashion. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of emotion in the learning process, particularly in the learning of science...
This study uses an econometric model to explain patronage of farm inputs at cooperatives in a highly diversified agricultural region. The model jointly addresses farmer purchases of six input categories: petroleum, pesticides, fertilizers, services, feed, and seed. Explanatory variables include farm size, farm experience, farm type, membership status farm location,...
The Messenger magazine is published twice annually by Oregon State University Libraries and Press. This issue is devoted to the history of OSU Libraries and Press.
While there is growing public concern over the safety
of the food supply, few studies have contrasted varying
perceptions of pesticide risk. This study assessed and
contrasted perceptions of three groups of Oregon State
University Extension Service clientele (home food
preservers, Master Gardener volunteers, commercial growers)
and factors influencing these...
The "unusual" behavior of agricultural land prices is the subject of considerable debate and controversy and is the object of this research. There is little doubt that land prices have been increasing steadily since 1959 and dramatically throughout the decade of the 1970's. However, there is widespread disagreement among economists,...
Consistent with its charge under Oregon House Bill 3543, the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute (OCCRI) conducts a biennial assessment of the state of climate change science, including biological, physical, and social science, as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on Oregon. This fifth Oregon...
A primary objective of the management practices of the Oregon
State Game Commission is to maximize and sustain the annual harvest
of salmon and steelhead by sportsmen fishing in Oregon. Assessment
of these practices is dependent upon an accurate determination of total
annual sports harvest throughout the state.
Present total...
Multiple outbreaks of foodborne illness (Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7) have been associated with tree nuts and tree nut products since the early 2000s. In response to these outbreaks and many others in fresh produce and peanut butter, Congress created and passed the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) to require...
Consistent with its charge under Oregon House Bill 3543, the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute (OCCRI) conducts a biennial assessment of the state of climate change science, including biological, physical, and social science, as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on Oregon. This sixth Oregon...
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of dress and queer women and how their sexual identity influences their appearance management behaviors. I answered the following research questions: (1) How is gender identity constructed and negotiated in different spaces for queer? (2) Does sexual identity influence dress...
Published April 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the Sea Grant Catalog: http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/publications
Published September 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Poison oak is common in western Oregon and Washington. Its near relative, poison ivy, is found in eastern Oregon and Washington, throughout Idaho, and eastward. Both plants are native to the Pacific Northwest.
A joint project of the Cooperative Extension Service and Farm Credit. Published September 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog