A creative work of literary fiction, Chrysalis is
the story of Rachelle Long: a young woman who struggles
to find her identity in a world marked by changing (and
often, conflicting) ideas regarding sexuality, economics,
gender roles and relations, and individual rights. Just
one year into the workforce following her...
As large-scale restorations of degraded rangelands are initiated, land managers need to
understand how decades of dominance by the invasive annual grass, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum
L.), have altered ecosystem processes. One way to assess such alterations is by observing
differences in decay rates, since decomposition is determined by factors such...
Impulsive forces on a box-shaped structure due to bore impact are investigated experimentally. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory by generating a Gaussian-shaped wave onto a step before impacting structures of three different cross-shore to long-shore length ratios. The relationship between measurements of the splash-up flow on the structure wall...
Naturally occurring assemblies, such as DNA and proteins, utilize intermolecular forces (i.e H-bonding and van der Waals) to assemble. Utilizing these electrostatic interactions has only just started in the past five decades to be a tool used in synthetic chemistry in what is known as supramolecular chemistry. Supramolecular chemistry has...
Symbiosis takes place across the domains of life. In the plant-parasitic nematode, Xiphinema americanum species complex, the bacterial endosymbiont, identified as Candidatus Xiphinematobacter americanum, lives in the gut epithelia of mature female nematodes and moves to the ovaries and uterus where it is transmitted to the eggs. This suggests that...
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of root reinforcements on soil strength and the initiation of static liquefaction in forest soils. The design and operation was developed of an apparatus capable of modeling rainfall-induced shallow hill-slope failures that also permitted observation of the soil volume change tendencies at...
Our research was focused mainly on the field of plasma physics and the creation of plasmas in a laboratory environment. We first began our project with the goal to develop a tabletop Tokamak, a doughnut shaped device that magnetically confines plasmas at pressures greater than one atmosphere. After researching this...
Oregon State University swine herd records of 456
litters farrowed between 1962-73 in three populations were
analyzed on a generation basis to compare changes in
performance of a Composite population to parental
Berkshire and Yorkshire breeds. Analysis was performed in
six discrete and overlapping generations on backfat
thickness, loin eye...
It is hypothesized that the circulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere satisfies the equations of a simple coupled model to within errors having specified covariances, and that the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean array (TAO) measures the circulation to within errors also having specified covariances. This hypothesis is tested by finding...
The investigation of the consequences of trying to blend tropical Pacific observations from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) array into the dynamical framework of an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model is continued. In a previous study it was found that the model dynamics, the prior estimates of uncertainty in the observations, and...
In this paper, we consider the transfer of environmental and cultural assets to the next generation as a potential measure of sustainability. We define net assets as the value of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources plus human-made, intellectual, social, and cultural capital, minus any debts. We apply this approach by...
The fisheries literature embodies critical assumptions about fisherman attitudes and motivations. Common assumptions are that populations of fisherman are homogeneous in motivation and decision making and that they behave in a myopic fashion, ignoring the effects of their fishing activities on the fishery resource. The results of a survey of...
Nearly all freshwaters and coastal zones of the US are degraded from inputs of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), sources of which are runoff, atmospheric N deposition, and imported food and feed. Some major adverse effects include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia of fresh and coastal waters, ocean acidification, long-term harm to...
Differences in the chemical composition of calcified skeletal structures (e.g. shells, otoliths) have proven useful for reconstructing the environmental history of many marine species. However, the extent to which ambient environmental conditions can be inferred from the elemental signatures within the vertebrae of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, rays) has not been...
The low-frequency [ω<0.5 cycle per day (cpd)] current fluctuations at four depths in 100 m of waterhave been investigated for two stations on the continental shelf off the coast of Oregon. One station, DB-7,was maintained during the summer of 1972 as part of the Coastal Upwelling Experiment-1 (CUE-I), and theother...
An analysis is presented of low-frequency (<0.4 cpd) fluctuations in currents, temperature and tide gage data collected during the March-September 1976 segment of the CUEA JOINT-II experiment off the coast of Peru. The observations were made near 15°S, a region of particularly strong and persistent coastal upwelling. Conclusions about the...
A custom radiation monitoring system was developed by Oregon State University at the request of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute to measure radioactive cesium contaminants in the ocean waters near Fukushima Dai’ichi Nuclear Power Plant. The system was to be used on board the R/V Ka’imikai-O-Kanaloa during a 15 d...
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
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, sandy clay
loam; SL, sandy loam; Si, silt; LS, loamy sand; S, sand.
Reproduced by permission from
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
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permeability2
Water table
depth (ft) Risk rating
Bellpine 6 Si Cl Lo M Si Cl S 6 Very high
Digger 11 V Gr Lo
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
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Robert B. Harrison, Douglas A. Maguire, and Deborah Page-Dumroese
Background
Maintaining adequate
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
Full Text:
. Harrison, Douglas A. Maguire,
and Deborah Page-Dumroese
Archival copy. For current information, see the
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
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-Support Tools,
and Best Management Practices ............ 33
Robert B. Harrison, Douglas A. Maguire,
and
This publication is a reference guide for forest soils productivity and management. Main topics include (1) understanding and managing risk, (2) soil characteristics that affect productivity, (3) soil survey information for forestland managers/management of soil erosion, (4) managing mass wasting risk, (5) managing soil disturbance, and (6) maintaining adequate nutrient...
The Florida reef ecosystem is a highly valuable resource managed by multiple federal and state agencies with many stakeholders. Over half of the $75 million annual dockside value of finfish landings in Florida is comprised of snappers and groupers, but this resource is threatened by overfishing. Current management strategies include...
In 1988 the Tualatin River was designated 'water quality limited' by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. Three sources of pollution: urban point source, forestry non-point source and agricultural non-point source pollution were considered to contribute unacceptable levels of nutrients (phosphates and ammonium nitrates) to the river. Since a significant...
MOTIVATION: The automatic identification of over-represented motifs present in a collection of sequences continues to be a challenging problem in computational biology. Many existing approaches to motif identification do not always find the relevant biological motifs, or find only a subset of the occurrences of a motif. In this paper,...
In September of 2010, Brewer's Bay reef, located in St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands), was simultaneously affected by abnormally high temperatures and the passage of a hurricane that resulted in the mass bleaching and fragmentation of its coral community. An outbreak of a rapid tissue loss disease among coral colonies...
This study compares percent cover of benthic organisms at the species level at Pearl and Hermes
Atoll (PHA), the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in order to determine 1) the
degree of difference among sites, 2) whether wave exposure zones explain observed patterns in
benthic community structure, and...
A two-year-old, 97 kg, male neutered English Mastiff was evaluated for left pelvic limb lameness of five months duration localized to the stifle joint. Following radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic examination, the lameness was subsequently diagnosed as being caused by primary synovial osteochondromatosis. In total, 194 osteochondral bodies were removed...
Objective: To describe a clinical case of Schmorl's node affecting the lumbosacral disc in an Airedale Terrier including surgical management, short-term outcome, and review of the literature.
Methods: A five-year-old male Airedale Terrier with signs of chronic spinal pain and right hindlimb muscle fasciculation was diagnosed, with a Schmorl's node...
Producers facing infestations of invasive annual grasses regularly voice the need for practical revegetation strategies that can be applied across broad landscapes. Our objective was to determine the potential for scaling up the single-entry approach for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland to broader, more heterogeneous landscape-scale revegetation of winter annual grass–infested rangeland....
The growth of YMn₀.₃₅In₀.₆₅O₃ thin films and their optical and magnetic behavior are reported. The YMn₀.₃₅In₀.₆₅O₃ thin film grows along the (0001) orientation with hexagonal structure similar to YMnO₃ on c-plane sapphire. The film shows paramagnetic behavior in the temperature range measured. The film exhibits a blue color due to...
Numerous studies have examined the evolution of sexual systems in angiosperms, but few explore the
interaction between these and the evolution of pollination mode. Wind pollination is often associated
with unisexual flowers, but which evolved first and played a causative role in the evolution of the other
is unclear. Thalictrum,...
This publication outlines characteristics of each pollinizer cultivar, including incompatibility alleles, flowering and nut characteristics, and pest tolerance. The data presented in this publication were collected from the original seedling tree of each pollinizer cultivar, and these cultivars currently are being evaluated in replicated trials and commercial plantings.
Therefore, we...
Clark is a hazelnut selection developed by Oregon State University.
Trees of this genotype are about 30 percent smaller than ‘Barcelona’ yet
have comparable yields to ‘Barcelona.’ This selection has good quantitative resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB).
Harvest is 7–10 days earlier than‘Barcelona’ and nuts are free-husking.
Nuts have...
‘Lewis’ is a hazelnut cultivar developed by Oregon State University and released in January 1997. This cultivar is precocious, and it is more productive and has a smaller tree size than ‘Barcelona.’ Harvest is earlier than for ‘Barcelona,’ and the nuts have fewer defects.
Past measurements off the coast of central Oregon and Washington have shown that the rapid change
from northward monthly mean winter winds to southward summer winds forces a "spring transition" of
the coastal ocean: sea levels and temperatures drop, and mean surface currents shift from northward to
southward. Current and...
A large-scale west coast shelf experiment called SuperCODE
was conducted off Oregon and California between February 1981
and April 1984. Current and temperature measurements were made
from subsurface arrays off Coos Bay (43°N), Crescent City
(42°N), Eureka (41°N), Half Moon Bay (37.5°N) and Purisima
Point (34.70), between February 1981 and...
Published October 1972. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting microbial productivity in the ocean, and as a result, most marine microorganisms
have evolved systems for responding to nitrogen stress. The highly abundant alphaproteobacterium “Candidatus
Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultured member of the order Pelagibacterales (SAR11), lacks the canonical GlnB, GlnD, GlnK, and...
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-Living Alphaproteobacterium
Smith DP, Thrash JC, Nicora CD, Lipton MS, Burnum-Johnson KE, Carini P
Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting microbial productivity in the ocean, and as a result, most marine microorganisms
have evolved systems for responding to nitrogen stress. The highly abundant alphaproteobacterium “Candidatus
Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultured member of the order Pelagibacterales (SAR11), lacks the canonical GlnB, GlnD, GlnK, and...
Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting microbial productivity in the ocean, and as a result, most marine microorganisms
have evolved systems for responding to nitrogen stress. The highly abundant alphaproteobacterium “Candidatus
Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultured member of the order Pelagibacterales (SAR11), lacks the canonical GlnB, GlnD, GlnK, and...
Dissolved C, N, P, and Si budgets for Tomales Bay, California, have been used to solve simultaneous stoichiometric equations which describe a plausible material balance for net organic matter reactions in the bay. Dissolved Si and P were both exported hydrographically. Dissolved C and fixed N were imported hydrographically. If...
Baleen whale fecal samples have high potential for endocrine monitoring, which can be used as a non-invasive tool to identify the physiological response to disturbance events and describe population health and vital rates. In this study, we used commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to validate and quantify fecal steroid (progestins, androgens...
The discovery of novel compounds with antibacterial properties continues to be critically important.3 One potential source of such compounds is the cryptic genome of fungi known to produce biologically active molecules. A kmt6 mutant of the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum was previously developed through a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase...
Foundation species are structurally dominant members of ecological communities that can stabilize ecological processes and influence resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Being common, they are often overlooked for conservation but are increasingly threatened from land use change, biological invasions, and over‐exploitation. The pattern of foundation species abundances over...
Against the backdrop of growing concern about dead zones, rare and endangered sea mammals, depletion of Oregon’s once‐abundant fish stocks, acidification threatening coastal molluscs, and proposals for marine reserves along Oregon’s coastline, a multidisciplinary group of scientists was called together in 2008 to discuss what is known about Oregon’s coastal...
Two species of salmonids were tested for their susceptibility to infection by a rickettsia isolated in cell culture from diseased coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Chile. Mortality approached 100% in coho and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar injected with 10-fold dilutions of cell culture medium containing the rickettsia. Typical disease signs...
‘Sacajawea’ (OSU 540.130) was developed and evaluated at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in February 2006. Compared to ‘Barcelona,’ ‘Sacajawea’ is a slightly smaller tree but has a higher yield efficiency, a higher percent kernel, fewer kernel defects, and smaller nuts. Nuts mature and fall free of...
'Santiamʼ (OSU 509.064) was developed and evaluated at Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon, and it was released in February 2005. This cultivar has complete resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Resistance is conferred by a single dominant gene from ʻGasaway.ʼ Compared to ʻBarcelona,...
Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. Fires often cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to increases in populations of some animals. These increases are moderated by the animals’ ability to thrive in the altered, often simplified, structure of the postfire environment. The extent of fire...
Seasonal cycles of coastal wind stress, adjusted sea level (ASL), shelf currents, and water
temperatures off the west coast of North America (35°N to 48°N) are estimated by fitting annual and
semiannual harmonics to data from 1981-1983. Longer records (9-34 years) of monthly ASL indicate
that these two harmonics adequately...
"'Yamhill' (OSU 542.102) was developed and evaluated by the hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in January 2008. Trees of 'Yamhill' are completely resistant to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Compared to 'Barcelona', trees of 'Yamhill' are smaller...
This paper provides an analysis of the market potential for organic salmon, primarily in the European Union. There
has been a substantial growth in the demand for organic food products in industrialised countries in the course of the past
decade. Legislation for organic production is now being extended to aquaculture,...
The Asian isopod Ianiropsis serricaudis is now well established in fouling communities, often associated with introduced ascidians, throughout the Northern Hemisphere but has gone largely unnoticed because of its diminutive size (typically less than 3 mm in length) and the difficulties of identifying small peracarid crustaceans. Known locations include the...
Two identical single-ascending-dose studies evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AVI-6002 and AVI-6003, two experimental combinations of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with positive charges (PMOplus) that target viral mRNA encoding Ebola virus and Marburg virus proteins, respectively. Both AVI-6002 and AVI-6003 were found to suppress disease in virus-infected nonhuman primates...
Biomass burning is a significant contributor to atmospheric carbon emissions but may also provide an avenue in which fire-affected ecosystems can accumulate carbon over time, through the generation of highly resistant fire-altered carbon. Identifying how fuel moisture, and subsequent changes in the fire behavior, relates to the production of fire-altered...
Widespread, rapid, drought-, and infestation-triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die-off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive...
Moored observations of currents and temperatures made in the upper 600 m on
eddy-resolving scales over a 2-year period are used to examine the spatial and temporal
characteristics of the California Current mesoscale circulation. The observations were
made at three principal longitudes: 124°W, 126°W, and 128°W in the vicinity of...
We have developed and successfully collected data with a unique, bottom-transecting vehicle (ROVER) that permits the first long time-series measurements of sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC). This instrument has the, following capabilities: (1) it operates as an autonomous, free vehicle on the sea floor to 6,000-m depth for periods up...
Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted...
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and Ftarget,
and/or of B and Btarget, were drawn from assessments. ‘S’ indicates that reference
Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted...
Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted...
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management objectives?
Michael C Melnychuk1, Timothy E Essington1, Trevor A Branch1,†, Selina S Heppell2
Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted...
Fisheries management based on catch shares – divisions of annual fleet-wide quotas among individuals or groups – has been strongly supported for their economic benefits, but biological consequences have not been rigorously quantified. We used a global meta-analysis of 345 stocks to assess whether fisheries under catch shares were more...
Rights-based approaches are potentially promising tools to meet conservation objectives in natural resource management. Here, we evaluated how population status and fishery production respond to catch shares, a rights-based policy instrument in fisheries whereby participants are granted a right to harvest a fraction of the allowable catch. By analyzing time...
Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future climate projections it is often expected that the risk of wildfires will increase. Our ability to predict the magnitude and geographic pattern of future fire impacts rests on our ability to model...
An international multi-laboratory project was conducted to develop a standardized DNA database for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This project was in response to the needs of the Chinook Technical Committee of the Pacific Salmon Commission to identify stock composition of Chinook salmon caught in fisheries during their oceanic migrations. Nine...
Background:
The Amazon River runs nearly 6500 km across the South American continent before emptying into the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean. In terms of both volume and watershed area, it is the world’s largest riverine system, affecting elemental cycling on a global scale.
Results:
A quantitative inventory of genes...
Ecological restoration programs often attempt to maintain or enhance ecosystem services (ES), but fine-scale maps of multiple ES are rarely available to support prioritization among potential projects. Here we use agency reports, citizen science, and social media as data sources to quantify the spatial distribution of five recreational elements of...
Knowledge of the physical oceanography of continental shelves has increased tremendously in recent years, primarily as a result of new current and hydrographic measurements made in locations where no comparable measurements existed previously. In general, observations from geographically distinct continental shelves have shown that the nature of the flow may...
Physical and biological fields in the coastal transition zone off northern California were measured during February, March, May and June 1987 in an extended alongshore region between 60 km and 150 km offshore. The spring transition, as seen in coastal sea level and winds, occurred in mid-March. Surface variability during...
Published November 1961. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
As managers of agricultural and natural resources are confronted with uncertainties in global change impacts, the complexities associated with the interconnected cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and water present daunting management challenges. Existing models provide detailed information on specific sub-systems (e.g., land, air, water, and economics). An increasing awareness of the...
The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon¹⁻³. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental...
This article describes the motivation, design, and progress of the Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS). JOSS is a free and open-access journal that publishes articles describing research software. It has the dual goals of improving the quality of the software submitted and providing a mechanism for research software developers...
Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable...
Differentiating salient histopathologic changes from normal anatomic features or tissue artifacts can be decidedly challenging, especially for the novice fish pathologist. As a consequence, findings of questionable accuracy may be reported inadvertently, and the potential negative impacts of publishing inaccurate histopathologic interpretations are not always fully appreciated. The objectives of...
Neurospora crassa has been for decades a principal model for filamentous
fungal genetics and physiology as well as for understanding
the mechanism of circadian clocks. Eukaryotic fungal and animal
clocks comprise transcription-translation-based feedback loops that
control rhythmic transcription of a substantial fraction of these transcriptomes,
yielding the changes in protein...
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa responds to light in complex ways. To thoroughly study the transcriptional response of this organism to light, RNA-seq was used to analyze capped and polyadenylated mRNA prepared from mycelium grown for 24 hr in the dark and then exposed to light for 0 (control) 15,...
Truffles have evolved from epigeous (aboveground) ancestors in nearly every major lineage of fleshy fungi. Because accelerated rates of morphological evolution accompany the transition to the truffle form, closely related epigeous ancestors remain unknown for most truffle lineages. This is the case for the quintessential truffle genus Tuber, which includes...
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3...
Although there are considerable site-based data for individual or groups of ecosystems, these datasets are widely scattered, have different data formats and conventions, and often have limited accessibility. At the broader scale, national datasets exist for a large number of geospatial features of land, water, and air that are needed...