El ano 2006 representa en dos sentidos una fecha critica para la cuenca del Rio Columbia y para los esfuerzos de recuperacion del salmon y la trucha arcoiris en la region Pacifico Noroeste: el 25 aniversario de la creacion del Consejo para la Conservacion y Poder del Noroeste y el...
We examined variability in growth rate during the larval stage of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in response to physical and biological environmental factors in 2005 and 2006. The onset of spring upwelling was anomalously delayed by 2–3 months until mid-July in 2005; in contrast, spring upwelling in 2006 began as...
Submersible belt-transect surveys along a rocky bottom were combined with acoustic surveys of the water column to estimate depth distribution and density of fishes at Stonewall Bank, Oregon in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from September through October 1991. The objectives of the study were to determine the proportion of fish...
A study was made on the effect of CCC (2-chloroethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium
chloride), a plant growth retardant, on the RNA (ribonucleic
acid) content of wheat plants, It was found that the RNA content of
wheat leaves generally decreased with increasing levels of CCC up to
1x10⁻⁵M. Thereafter, the RNA content again increased...
This thesis presents a general model for the location problem
based on integer linear programming with fixed charges. The location
problem is concerned with choosing locations for facilities
throughout a particular region or area in such a way that total costs
and expenses incurred are minimized. Although the location problem...
Certain fluids exhibit an increase in flow resistance when subjected to an electric field. This electroviscous response, known as the
Winslow effect, has been the basis for development of a unique control
medium. Applying a strong potential across the fluid causes it to
"stiffen", even to the point of ceasing...
This paper presents a theoretical study of real-time bandwidth
compression systems using the Hilbert transform and associated analytic
signal concept. An analytic signal is defined as
u(t) = s(t) + [superscript ¯]js(t) , where [superscript ¯]s(t) is the Hilbert transform of the signal
s(t). A complete discussion of the properties...
I experimentally examined the adaptive significance of the
anatomical and behavioral convergence between the harrier (Circus
cyaneus, also refered to as the marsh hawk) and certain owls that are
capable of capturing prey in total darkness. Anatomically, both the
harrier and owls have evolved a sound collecting facial ruff (a...
The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) had as a primary objective
determining the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols over
climatologically significant space and time scales: the Indian Ocean during the
winter monsoon, January-March. During the winter monsoon, polluted, low-level
air from the Asian subcontinent blows over the Arabian Sea and...
This study evaluated the effect of soil compaction on the growth
of natural regeneration on volcanic ash-influenced soils in the
southern Washington Cascades. Growth of 9 to 18 year-old sapling-.
sized Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) was studied on sites
ranging from 915 to 1006 m elevation in an area...
Researching what I believe to be exclusionary practices in higher education against
African Americans has compelled me to approach this subject, in part, historically.
Although I realize that a historical chronology of any subject is often deceptive, as with
any writer, I am tempted to interpret events to fit my...
In the Pajaro Valley near Watsonville, California,
twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch)
populations were surveyed in 1983 and '84 to detect the
influence of immigrants from nursery plants or
surrounding vegetation on subsequent resistance
development to cyhexatin and formetanate in strawberry
fields. Susceptible mites (cyhexatin LC50 = 0.0039 %...
Microstructure observations near upwelled fronts indicate considerable variation in the structure of
vertical mixing across the frontal region. Observations of cool filaments off northern California
indicate that within the cool (dense) core of filaments the raised pycnocline inhibits the penetration to
middepths of surface-generated mixing. The microstructure profiles are used...
Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability, characterized by the distinctive finite-amplitude billows it generates, is an important mechanism in the development of turbulence in the stratified interior of the ocean. In particular, it is often assumed that the onset of turbulence in internal waves begins in this way. Clear recognition of the importance...
Turbulence resulting from Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in layers of localized stratification and shear is studied by means of direct numerical simulation. Our objective is to present a comprehensive description of the turbulence evolution in terms of simple, conceptual pictures of shear–buoyancy interaction that have been developed previously based on assumptions of...
Direct numerical simulations of turbulence resulting from Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in stably
stratified shear flow are used to study sources of anisotropy in various spectral ranges. The set of
simulations includes various values of the initial Richardson and Reynolds numbers, as well as
Prandtl numbers ranging from 1 to 7. We...
The Columbia Basin once supported a diversity of native fishes and large runs of anadromous salmonids that sustained substantial fisheries and cultural values. Extensive land conversion, watershed disruptions, and subsequent fishery declines have led to one of the most ambitious restoration programs in the world. Progress has been made, but...
The life cycles of three Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events were observed over the Indian Ocean as part of the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) experiment. During November 2011 near 0°, 80°E, the site of the research vessel Roger Revelle, the authors observed intense multiscale interactions within an MJO convective envelope,...
Understanding groundwater conditions in the upland parts of volcanic island aquifers is critical for sustainable groundwater development in these resource-limited environments. Yet groundwater conditions in such settings are generally difficult to characterize because of sparse well drilling (high cost and/or limited access). Information needed for resource evaluation includes upland depth...
Fisheries worldwide continue to suffer from the negative consequences of open access. In 1986, New Zealand responded by establishing an individual transferable quota (ITQ) system that by 1998 included 33 species and more than 150 markets for fishing quotas. We assess these markets in terms of trends in market activity,...
The removal of dams on a river is one potential tool for the ecological restoration of native salmonid fishes. However, the removal of barriers also introduces risks, such as the introduction of fish pathogens into previously isolated populations. The proposed removal of four dams on the Klamath River, Oregon–California, provides...
The presentation discusses the economic value of Ensemble Streamflow Predictions (ESP) streamflow and energy price forecasts in the operation of the Jackson Hydropower Project in western Washington. A decision support system (DSS) was constructed for this multipurpose reservoir system for the evaluation of operational alternatives and improvement of operational procedures....
Seasonal alkenone concentrations, production rates, and unsaturation patterns (U₃₇ᴷ') were measured at station ALOHA in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific. Highest alkenone concentration and production rates were found in (winter and fall) or just below (summer) the surface mixed layer. Lowest alkenone concentration and production rates were found within the...
This paper presents observations of a dynamic minifilament and summarizes the findings of
three microstructure surveys across and within the meandering current structures of the Coastal
Transition Zone (CTZ). An actively turbulent minifilament is discussed and possible consequences
of the small-scale processes with regard to frontal dynamics are examined. Four...
Bathymetry and magnetic anomalies indicate that a seamount on the Juan de Fuca plate has been subducted beneath the central Cascadia accretionary complex and is now located similar to 45 km landward of the deformation front. Passage of this seamount through the accretionary complex has resulted in a pattern of...
Published January 1973. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In recent years, payments to purchase resources or easements or to change landowner behavior have become a major vehicle for resource conservation and environmental protection. These funds use various strategies to target resources for conservation, the choice of which may lead to striking differences in economic and environmental performance. In...
CTD observations of temperature and salinity were made off the coast of Peru between 5°S and 16°S from the R/V MELVILLE, 4 March - 22 May 1977, and the R/V ISELIN, 5 April - 19 May 1977. These observations were made as part of MAM 77, the final phase of...
CTD observations were made in the Code region near Pt. Arena on
the northern California coast at 39°N, off Five Mile Point at 43°13'N,
off Crescent City at 41°54'N, and off Half Moon Bay at 370 25'N,
during 17-29 May 1981. The observations in the Code region included
six repeated...
CTD observations of temperature and salinity were made
off the coast of Peru between 12°S and 16°S from the
R/V EASTWARD, between 23 July and 16 August 1976. The
observations were made during Legs 0, 1, and 2 of JASON,
which was the middle phase of the JOINT-II project conducted...
CTD observations were made along the CODE Central Line, extending offshore toward 225°T from the California coast at 38°40'N, during 12-14 April, 1981. The complete section with nine stations was occupied twice; the offshore portion was occupied three times. The maximum sampling depth was 1000 m. This report includes a...
CTD observations of temperature and salinity were made off Oregon and California between 34° N and 44° N from the R/V Wecoma, 5 Feb. - 17 Feb. 1981. The stations were from 2-360 km off shore, in water depths ranging from 30 to 4,300 meters. The maximum sampling depth at...
Salinity, temperature, oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate observations were taken by Oregon State University of 15 hydrographic cruises in the Northeastern Pacific and one cruise in the Sea of Cortez during 1970. Alkalinity, pH and silicate were taken on special occasions.
Data were collected by Oregon State University personnel aboard the...
The authors varied the number of red alder retained with 300 Douglas-fir per acre on a high-quality site in coastal Oregon. Alder densities of 0, 20, 40, and 80 per acre were tested. The authors' fifth treatment eliminated nitrogen-fixing alder, but substantial nitrogen fertilizer. Treatment 6 had neither thinning nor...
Predicting the net effects on the carbon and water
balance of semi-arid forests under future conditions depends
on ecosystem processes responding to changes in
soil and atmospheric drought. Here we apply a combination
of field observations and soil–plant–atmosphere modeling
(SPA) to study carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating
ponderosa...
Full Text:
forest: a combined experimental and modeling ap-
proach
N. K. Ruehr et al.
Correspondence to:N. K
Predicting the net effects on the carbon and water
balance of semi-arid forests under future conditions depends
on ecosystem processes responding to changes in
soil and atmospheric drought. Here we apply a combination
of field observations and soil–plant–atmosphere modeling
(SPA) to study carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating
ponderosa...
Full Text:
experimental and
modeling approach
Ruehr, N. K., Law, B. E., Quandt, D., & Williams, M. (2014). Effects of
Turbulent bottom Ekman layers are among the most important energy conversion sites in the ocean. Their energetics are notoriously complex, in particular near sloping topography, where the feedback between cross-slope Ekman transports, buoyancy forcing, and mixing affects the energy budget in ways that are not well understood. Here, the authors...
Predicting the net effects on the carbon and water
balance of semi-arid forests under future conditions depends
on ecosystem processes responding to changes in
soil and atmospheric drought. Here we apply a combination
of field observations and soil–plant–atmosphere modeling
(SPA) to study carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating
ponderosa...
The role of stratified shear instability in maintaining the deep cycle of
turbulence immediately below the equatorial mixed layer is examined by means of
linear stability analysis. The Taylor-Goldstein equation is solved numerically, using
observed currents and stratification from the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment
(TIWE). Multiple unstable modes are found,...
A westerly wind burst observed in the warm pool of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean cooled the ocean's surface layer by about 0.8°C. Turbulent entrainment at the base of this layer caused cooling but also heating due to the reversal of the vertical temperature gradient during rain events. Consequently, the...
The dynamic response to a westerly wind burst which occurred during the Couple Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment in the warm pool of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is described using velocity, hydrography, and microstructure measurements. Turbulent fluxes distributed momentum input from the wind over a near-surface layer of variable thickness. Coriolis...
Published June 1971. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Well-functioning food webs are fundamental for sustaining rivers as ecosystems and maintaining associated aquatic and terrestrial communities. The current emphasis on restoring habitat structure-without explicitly considering food webs-has been less successful than hoped in terms of enhancing the status of targeted species and often overlooks important constraints on ecologically effective...
Organisms eating each other are only one of many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types include habitat modification, predator interference and facilitation. However, ecological network research has been typically limited to either pure food webs or to networks of only a few (<3) interaction...
Pyrosomes are colonial pelagic tunicates that have fascinated marine biologists for over a century. Their name comes from the “fiery” bioluminescence that luminous organs produce at night time. Blooms of pyrosomes, identified as Pyrosoma atlanticum (Peron, 1804), have recently appeared in the North Pacific Ocean, prompting questions about environmental factors...
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) inhabits an expansive range in western North America, and it is a keystone species of subalpine environments. Whitebark is susceptible to multiple threats – climate change, white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and fire exclusion – and it is suffering significant mortality range-wide, prompting the...
We examine the 0–100 Ma paleoceanographic record retained in pelagic clay from the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) by analyzing 47 major, trace, and rare earth elements in bulk sediment in 206 samples from seven sites drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329. We use multivariate statistical analyses (Q-mode factor analysis...
Repeated microstructure transects across filaments in the coastal transition zone (CTZ) have
Revealed fundamental structure and dynamics of the complicated features. The measurements allow
detailed momentum and vorticity analyses and provide a possible explanations for structural
asymmetry of the fronts. Observations made between July 2 and July 23, 1988, along...
We present two profiles of collocated single-channel seismic reflection and heat flow determinations across Hawaiian flexural moat: one north of Oahu and the other north of Maro Reef. Seismic reflection data are used as an aid in determining depth to basement and interpreting moat stratigraphy. Moat sediments are locally up...
We perform numerical simulations of buoyancy-driven, pore fluid flow in the
Hawaiian archipelagic apron and underlying oceanic crust in order to determine the extent to
which heat redistributed by such flow might cause conductive heat flow measurements to
underrepresent the true mantle heat flux. We also seek an understanding of...
The most accurate determinations of the global ocean tides are currently based on altimeter measurements made by the Topex/Poseidon satellite. The error spectrum corresponding to the M₂ tidal solution is here estimated, primarily by inverse methods and secondarily by simple differencing in flatter than tidal signal spectrum, and it exceeds...
Rockfishes, Sebastes spp.. were the most numerous and speciose fishes seen during 16 submersible dives from 64 to 305 m depth in the vicinity of Heceta Bank off the coast of Oregon. Dense schools of juvenile rockfishes and large yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus, were observed only over rocky, high relief...
This report presents progress accomplished during the 20-month period from 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1974 as part of the program "Ecological Studies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean". This program is a continuing study supported by the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research...
CTD observations were made in the CODE region between Pt. Arena(39° N) and Pt. Reyes(38°N), during 1-4 August 1981. The observations included two repeated sections along the Central Line, one section along the North Line, and one section in the region of the Pt. Ross Line rur during previous cruises....
This study examines the willingness of canoe owners and crew members to participate in an insurance scheme in Ghana. A total of 386 canoe owners and 164 crew from four (4) coastal regions and the inland lake areas were sampled. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires on socio-economic characteristics, canoe...
Full Text:
. Quaatey
Rosina Williams
Richard Yeboah
Fuseina Issah
FISHERIES COMMISSION/MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND
This study examines the willingness of canoe owners and crew members to participate in an insurance scheme in Ghana. A total of 386 canoe owners and 164 crew from four (4) coastal regions and the inland lake areas were sampled. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires on socio-economic characteristics, canoe...
Full Text:
, Doris Yeboah1, Samuel Quaatey1, Rosina Williams1, Richard Yeboah1, and Fuseina
Issah1
ABSTRACT
This study examines the willingness of canoe owners and crew members to participate in an insurance scheme in Ghana. A total of 386 canoe owners and 164 crew from four (4) coastal regions and the inland lake areas were sampled. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires on socio-economic characteristics, canoe...
This study investigated the spatial distribution of juvenile North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in relation to local environmental variability
[i.e. sea surface temperature (SST)], and two large-scale indices of climate variability, [the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and theMultivariate
El Nino/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI)]. Changes in local and climate variables were...
Diets of juvenile coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook O. tshawytscha salmon
are made up primarily of winter-spawning fish taxa in the late-larval and early juvenile stages that
are undersampled in plankton and larger trawl nets. Although we have no direct measure of the
availability of fish prey important to juvenile...
In February of 1975, the School of Forestry sponsored a series of lectures and discussions on the topic, "Forests of the World-Future Resources Conflicts." The objectives of these presentations were to examine prospects for future forest use, the demands that will be made on forest resources of all sorts, the...
The surface-layer zone, occupying the upper 20 cm of the water column, represents a unique oceanic environment. A diverse assemblage of organisms occupies this zone, either in an obligate or facultative manner (Zaitsev 1970, Hempel and Weikert 1972, Cheng 1975, Peres 1982). Certain animals show morphological or biochemical adaptations to...
Germination and survival of Douglas-fir on seedbeds of unburned,
lightly burned, and severely burned soil, charcoal, litter, and sawdust,
exposed to 100, 75, and 25 percent of full light, were studied on a
south-facing clearcutting in the Coast range of Oregon.
Irrespective of exposure to light, germination was best on...
CTD observations were made in the CODE region between Pt. Arena (39°N) and Pt. Reyes (38°N) during 28 February - 1 March 1982. The observations were made along three sections: the Arena Line, the North Line and the Code Central Line. An additional single CTD cast was made off Eureka...
This report presents data collected on six cruises made during the months May-October 1972 along the Oregon coast. Both complete data listings and sequential surface data contour charts are presented. The latter graphically display rapid changes in surface water characteristics on time scales as short as a few hours.
The...
Preliminary results are presented from an analysis of mid-frequency acoustic transmission data collected at range 550m during the Shallow Water 2006 Experiment. The acoustic data were collected on a vertical array immediately before, during, and after the passage of a nonlinear internal wave on 18 August, 2006. Using oceanographic data...
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
Full Text:
. Carter,*1,2 N. L. Williams,3 A. R. Gray,4 R. A. Feely2
1Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
Douglas-fir (DF, Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the most important forest tree in Oregon and is the second most valuable conifer in New Zealand. Phytophthora pluvialis was described (Reeser et al. 2013) from mixed evergreen forests in southwest Oregon. It was subsequently identified as the cause of red needle cast of radiata...
Measurements of currents and turbulence beneath a geostationary ship in the equatorial Indian Ocean during a period of weak surface forcing revealed unexpectedly strong turbulence beneath the surface mixed layer. Coincident with the turbulence was a marked reduction of the current speeds registered by shipboard Doppler current profilers, and an...
Heceta Bank is a large reef on the edge of the central Oregon continental shelf that supports a wide variety of commercial fisheries. Using the research submersible Delta, we studied fish abundances on Heceta Bank and the relationship between species composition of fish assemblages and bottom types. Cluster analysis indicated...
Published November 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog