This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences and can be found at: https://doi.org/10.3141/2463-01
This data provides observations and measurements used to answer questions of interest regarding how setback crosswalks at intersections affect driver behavior and intersection safety as part of the study titled “SPR840 Safest Placement for Crosswalks at Intersections.” Data includes measurements from the simulator portion of the study which gathered information...
This data provides observations and measurements used to answer questions of interest regarding how driver behavior is affected by various removal methods used on roadway markings titled “SPR 855 - Removing Residual Lane Markings to Reduce Driver Confusion.” Data includes measurements from the laboratory portion of the study which gathered...
Agonistic behavior among three species of Microtus live-trapped
near Corvallis, Oregon was recorded in order to interpret habitat
segregation by the species in areas of syrnpatry. The method used to
measure agonistic interaction was similar to that of Colvin (1970).
Agonistic behavior was recorded under red light in a neutral...
Travel demand has increased due to population growth, increase of vehicle ownership, and development patterns resulting in greater levels of congestion, pollution, and crash frequency. One approach to demand management is to increase the share of trips made by bicycles. With the increase in bicycling rates, there is a critical...
Roadway departure crashes accounted for 18,275 fatal crashes in 2017 across the United States (Jones et al. 2017). Rumble strips (RS) provide audible and haptic interior alert when a vehicle is departing the roadway reducing run-off-the road crashes. Although inexpensive to install, and easy to maintain, RS are not installed...
⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating experiments were performed on volcanic rocks recovered by drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 152, southeast Greenland Margin (63°N), and Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81, southwest Rockall Plateau (56°N). Both of these legs drilled into thick sections of submerged lava flows, known as seaward-dipping reflector sequences,...
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) enable software developers to utilize and create functionality that would otherwise take a lot of time and effort to build from scratch. Consequently, an essential part of software engineering training is for students to learn how to use APIs effectively. The existing jTutors system enables an...
Increased automation and computerization have led to new demands and people are quickly transitioning to monitoring automated process and autonomous machines. Human oversight of automated process is important and desired, but people often require aid to navigate information from autonomous sources. An effective way to manage this information is with...
Social media platforms use many techniques to engage users' attention with their platforms, including notifications, popups, and gamification elements. The impact of social media on physical and mental health has been studied, but limited publicly available research exists on how social media users can be helped to disengage from these...
The topics in this dissertation are centered around the way that trees respond to environmental stress in the climates where they occur. Though forests across the planet are expected to experience change in local climate due to historic and ongoing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the effects of climate change will...
Previous research has shown significant improvements in standard measurements of student learning in traditional classroom settings when constructivist instruction techniques are skillfully applied as opposed to its traditional counterpart, direct instruction. The purpose of this study is to apply the concept of constructivism in musical instruction. The working hypothesis is...
Since the discovery of molecular chirality in 1848, this notion has had a substantial impact on medicine, biology, and chemistry. Extensive effort has been directed towards the construction of chiral molecules that contain sp³ hybridized stereogenic centers. In contrast, less effort has been dedicated to molecules that are chiral by...
Political Polarization in the United States is at a level higher today than at any point in the past few decades. Possible causes of this rise in polarization have been provided from various sources, including explanations such as mass media and income inequality. Through historical analysis and a wide literature...
Organic compounds which contain one or more nitrogen atoms are especially important as they are disproportionately represented among biologically active molecules. As a result, significant effort has been focused on the development of methods for the synthesis of nitrogenous molecules. We identified the aminal as an under-explored functional group. Despite...
The first part of this manuscript is about the total synthesis of the aspidosperma alkaloids leuconoxine, melodinine E and mersicarpine. Our synthetic strategy used a radical translocation-conjugate addition cascade to construct the core of the natural product. Specifically, a vinyl radical was generated from the homolysis of the C–I bond...
Drone strikes have become a defining strategy in the US War on Terror. Since the first combat drone strike in 2001, the executive branch has intentionally increased the deployment of drones for counterterrorism operations throughout the Middle East and North Africa. This thesis explores the moral and legal justifications for...
Aminal radical intermediates were generated by the method of radical translocation and reacted in C-C bond forming reactions with electronically deficient alkenes (Schiedler et al. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6092). Aminal radical intermediates can participate in inter- and intra-molecular reactions using both Bu3SnH and (TMS)₃SiH as hydride donors. Carbon–carbon bonds...
Dearomatization reactions exist broadly in biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. The highly functionalized atoms of arenes can be masked by it aromaticity, and upon dearomatization, those reactive atoms can be readily applied to bond formation and further manipulation. The total synthesis of (–)-cephalotaxine and (–)- homoharringtonine is described via an oxidative...
U.S. foreign policy during the period between World War II and the Vietnam War has been described as part of a “nation-‐building” or “liberal” grand strategy. This thesis contends that understanding U.S. efforts to influence the internal affairs of sovereign states through the spread of liberal values and institutions during...