Many environmental factors influence cardiovascular and
respiratory activities of crustaceans. The effects of natural
stressors (hypoxia, low salinity, high temperature) have been well
studied, but the effects of pollutants upon these two organ systems
have received less attention. The presence of the pesticide
carbaryl (Sevin, Union Carbide, Inc.) and its...
Two separate studies were conducted during this research
project. Oysters were irradiated with 500 and 1000 rads and 5, 10,
20, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 krads in the first study in order to
determine the effects of ionizing radiation on survival and growth
rates. Two periods of high...
The effects of exposure to suspended silt, kaolin and fuller's
earth on growth and condition of Pacific oysters, 16 months of age,
were studied. The exposure apparatus maintained a continuous flow
of turbid water through chambers containing test oysters. Additional
studies measured the filtration rates of oysters exposed to suspended...
The growth and production of brown trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus, exposed to a concentration of 0.65 mg/l BOD (4.1 percent by volume) stabilized kraft mill effluent (KME) were studied from October 1973 until May 1974 in three experimental stream channels located near a kraft mill in Albany, Oregon. Growth rate...
Predator-prey interactions, as measured by the consumption
and growth rates of a predator (Micropterus salmoides) and by the
observed activities of both predator and prey (Gambusia affinis),
were found to be sensitive to sublethal levels of ammonium chloride
(reported as unionized ammonia NH₃).
One bass and 15, 30, 60 or...
Sixteen populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were established
in laboratory aquariums. Eight populations were exposed to
dieldrin at a mean concentration of 0.525 ppb in the water and 2.11
ppm in the food, tubificid worms. Eight populations received control
water and food. All populations were fed three grams of tubificid...
A series of log storage experiments were conducted to determine
whether leachates derived from water storage of logs are acutely
toxic to fish. Log segments approximately 18 inches long and 16 inches
in diameter were stored in tanks and held submerged for a period of
7 days. The holding water...
Factors that influenced the uptake, storage, and elimination of dietary quinoline by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms affecting the bioaccumulation of dietary contaminants in teleosts. Rainbow trout readily absorbed ¹⁴C-quinoline from pelleted food (1% ration at 138 ug quinoline/g food) and most...
A laboratory investigation was performed to determine the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenol on the flavor of fish. The study was conducted at the Oak Creek Fisheries Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. The three experimental apparatus used in this study were designed to deliver 250 ml/min...
4-nonylphenol (NP), a surfactant degradation product, is an unregulated, ubiquitous aquatic contaminant and endocrine disruptor, for which aquatic life criteria are currently under development by U.S. EPA. The effects of NP on estuarine amphipods and chinook salmon fry were investigated, and this dissertation reports research into the impacts of NP...
Raw and biologically stabilized Kraft mill effluents were introduced
into laboratory artificial streams at a ratio of 15 ml per liter
of water over a two year period. Effluent from the stabilization pond
of a second mill was introduced at concentrations of from 5 to 40 ml
per liter of...
"The wastes investigated were obtained from the main sewer of a modern Kraft paper mill, pulping only Douglas fir. . . Even though the waste reaching the main sewer has been treated so that the content of inorganic sulfide, mercaptan, soap and black liquor is greatly reduced, it is still...
An investigation of the fishes of the Willamette River and three of its larger tributaries was made during July, August, September, and November of 1951, to ascertain the possibility of using them as bio-indices of pollution. Thirteen stations were established on the Willamette River and tributaries. These stations were selected...
While environmental stressors such as hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) are perceived as a threat to the productivity
of coastal ecosystems, policy makers have little information about the economic consequences for fisheries. Prior
studies based on data aggregated at relatively large spatial (e.g.,1000s km) and temporal (e.g., annual) scales have
typically...
Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) are experiencing population declines throughout their range. Xenobiotics could be an important risk factor for lamprey populations. Our goal was to establish if common herbicides, as used in forest management, could affect reproductive fitness. We determined that atrazine was a likely compound of greatest concern to...
Concentrations of twenty-five PCBs, fifteen organochiorine pesticides and mercury were determined in recreational fish from the Willamette River, Oregon during the summer of 2000. Thirty-six fish samples of three fish species including black crappie, smalimouth bass and con-rn-ion carp were analyzed. The data reported here provides new information and recent...
The current rate of global biodiversity loss and extinctions is unparalleled and a major concern. Freshwater organisms are facing particularly rapid rates of biodiversity loss. Amphibians, which require an aquatic environment for part of their life cycle, are one of the most vulnerable vertebrate groups. Amphibians are experiencing population declines,...