The development of solution-based methods for deposition of different thin film material is presented as an alternative to high cost vacuum-based methods. For certain materials, vacuum techniques are unsuitable for processing. Additionally, vacuum-based processes present high capital costs associated with equipment, and slow processing times. Atmospheric pressure solution based techniques...
This study details the use of printing and other additive processes to fabricate a novel amperometric glucose sensor. The sensor was
fabricated using a Au coated 12.7 μm thick polyimide substrate as a starting material, where micro-contact printing, electrochemical
plating, chloridization, electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, and spin coating were used...
Full Text:
Xiaosong Du,a ChristopherJ. Durgan,a David J. Matthews,b Joshua R. Motley,a Xuebin Tan,b 3
Kovit
This study details the use of printing and other additive processes to fabricate a novel amperometric glucose sensor. The sensor was
fabricated using a Au coated 12.7 μm thick polyimide substrate as a starting material, where micro-contact printing, electrochemical
plating, chloridization, electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, and spin coating were used...
Full Text:
Using
Additive Processes
Xiaosong Du,a ChristopherJ. Durgan,a David J. Matthews,b Joshua R. Motley,a
This study details the use of printing and other additive processes to fabricate a novel amperometric glucose sensor. The sensor was
fabricated using a Au coated 12.7 μm thick polyimide substrate as a starting material, where micro-contact printing, electrochemical
plating, chloridization, electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, and spin coating were used...
There is strong interest in the energy community to develop technologies that can diffuse low-cost, renewably generated electricity into difficult and slow to decarbonize sectors. One of the emerging areas of interest is renewable natural gas (RNG). RNG has low or no associated net greenhouse gas emissions and can be...
The first part of this manuscript is about the total synthesis of the Arundo donax bis(indole) natural products. The A. donax alkaloids were prepared using the first example of an ynindole Diels–Alder reaction. Each were then separated, isolated, and determined to have stable enantiomeric conformations at room temperature (Chen, J.;...
Results of this study suggest that laboratory growth of full-sib families of five month old Pacific oyster spat can be predictive of growth to market size at different grow-out sites. Seven to ten millimeter spat were selected from each of fifteen full-sib families and commercially available polyploids. Each family was...
Summer mortality of farmed Pacific oysters causes financial losses for shellfish growers, and selective breeding to improve survival of offspring is a promising way to reduce losses. This dissertation has two objectives to assist the development of tools for use in selective breeding programs.
Objective 1: Identify candidate genes for...
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) is a species with high phenotypic plasticity and a broad distribution that, in the last decade, has experienced climate stress-induced mortality called Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD). In order to help mitigate the effects of SAD in the future, we need a better understanding of aspen’s...
Devaleraea mollis (Pacific Dulse) is becoming a popular food for human consumption. Previously, Pacific Dulse has been used as a nutrient source for cultured abalone species, with some historical food use by indigenous peoples, while the closely related Atlantic dulse (Palmaria palmata) has a long-documented history of use in cuisine...
Protein microcapsules (PM) were developed as a tool for investigating aspects of dietary protein utilization by mussels, Mytilus edulis trossulus. Digestion of PM in vitro by protease, trypsin, amylase and extracts from the gut of mussels varied significantly depending on the type of protein encapsulated or whether carbohydrates were added...
Due to an interest in the evolutionary origins of
vertebrate mechanisms of immunorecognition, researchers
have frequently turned to deuterostome invertebrates as
model organisms. The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), was selected for
this study of putative immunorecognition molecules in a
deuterostome invertebrate.
Hemagglutinins, molecules which agglutinate red blood...
The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata serves as the intermediate host of the
blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Previous studies using the 13-16-R1 strain of B.
glabrata demonstrated an association between the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide
dismutase (SOD1) and susceptibility/resistance to the parasite. This association is
assumed to involve a polymorphism that...
The host snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the parasitic trematode
Schistosoma mansoni are valuable subjects for studies evaluating and
defining immunological parameters that determine the outcome of
individual host-parasite encounters. In this thesis, both soluble and
cellular components of the snail's hemolymph were examined to gain
insight into the basis for...
Assembly time estimation is a key factor in evaluating the performance of the assembly process in an automated assembly process. The overall goal of this study is to develop an efficient assembly time estimation method by generating the prediction model from an experimental design. In order to estimate these times,...
The acute phase response (APR) includes an early response of the innate immune
system to an inflammatory agent. Acute phase proteins (APP) are produced at
increased rates in the liver during this response. The APR has been well
characterized in mammals, but it is unclear to what degree teleosts mount...
There are several chemical treatments for paper to
Improve its strength properties. Durable press treatment is
usually used as a textile chemical finishing; however, there
is little information available on the application of durable
press treatment for paper. The durable press treatment was
applied to bleached softwood kraft handsheets using...
It has long been observed that stress can increase our
susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancers. Recent
experimental evidence suggests that this increased susceptibility is
due to suppression of immunity. A variety of neuroendocrine products
are released during periods of stress, and a large number of these
are now known...
A new method for encapsulating low-molecular weight, water-soluble substances in lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) for delivery to marine bivalves was developed, characterized, and tested. LWMs produced by a spray technique (spray microcapsules, SMs) were demonstrated to encapsulate both aqueous (polymeric dye or oxytetracycline hydrochloride) and particulate (riboflavin) core materials within a...
Characteristics of bacterial clearance were investigated in the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata:
Echinoidea). Primary clearance kinetics were determined for three
bacteria, a marine Gram negative motile rod, a marine Gram positive non-motile
rod, and a fresh water fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida.
Various doses of live bacteria were injected...
Adaptive immune capabilities of the Urochordate S. montereyensis
were studied. Animals repeatedly injected with bacteria were bled and
the following properties were measured in vitro: agglutinin, bactericidin,
bacteria-cell association. Both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria
were isolated from the gut of S. montereyensis and used as antigens at
10⁸...
A static-renewal, seven day test was developed and
utilized to study the effects of nutrition on the sensitivity
of Mysidopsis intii Holmquist to zinc. It was found that
juvenile growth was the most reliable and sensitive endpoint
that could also reflect the subtle effects of low zinc
concentrations and diet...
Dietary iodine may play an important role in the nutritional health of freshwater fish larvae. Artemia, commonly used for the culture of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), contain low concentrations of iodine when compared with wild zooplankton. Water-soluble micronutrients, such as iodine, are difficult to deliver to Artemia due to rapid...
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ChristopherJ. Langdon
Dietary iodine may play an important role in the nutritional health
The central nervous system of Phidippus, while comparable to that
of other spiders in most respects, is distinguished by the extraordinary
development of visual processing centers, associated with the
complex visually-directed behavior of these animals.
The primary neuropile of the anterior medial eyes consists of two
distinct columnar synapsing regions....
In a comparison of the mammalian and fish immune systems many similarities and differences are found. While most of the differences occur in the acquired or lymphoid arm of immunity, the nonlymphoid immune systems of fish and mammals share many similarities. For instance, both animal groups use phagocytic neutrophils and...
This thesis tests the hypothesis that innate immunity may be enhanced
immediately following a stressful event. The experiments characterize the acute
effects of the fight or flight response on some immunological and endocrine
parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Plasma cortisol and
catecholamines were elevated within seconds of the initiation...
Vibrio coralliilyticus (Vcor) is a bacterial pathogen that is well adapted to shellfish hatcheries and is very pathogenic to the larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Vcor has been associated with several large scale larval mortality events in the Pacific Northwest that interrupt the supply of seed oysters available...
Effects of diet and container type on growth and survival of altricial zebrafish,
Brachydanio rerio, larvae were determined. Microfeast® L- 10 (MF) supported growth and survival of zebrafish larvae during the first 10-12 days. Best results were obtained
with larvae fed on a combination of MF and Artemia nauplii in...
In the wild, marine fish larvae feed on copepods and other planktonic organisms.
Copepods are often considered the "gold standard" for meeting the nutritional needs of cultured marine fish larvae; however, in captivity, marine fish larvae are generally fed cultured live prey, i.e. rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and/or Artemia sp., until...
Questions relating to economic performance, biological conservation and variation in resource abundance and harvest of ocean shrimp have led to increasing pressure for management action. Developing effective management policies for this highly variable resource requires a comprehensive understanding of the fishery and marine processes. Important factors in understanding the fishery...
The Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most economically and ecologically significant shellfish species worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest United States (PNW), the sustainability oyster stocks is increasingly threatened by ocean acidification (OA), which has had significant negative effects on the aquaculture industry in this region over the...
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__________________________________________________________________________________
ChristopherJ. Langdon
The Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most
In the present study, the potential of low-melting point lipids, namely methyl palmitate (MP) and menhaden stearine (MS), were studied for delivery of water-soluble materials to fish larvae. Addition of the solid emulsifier, sorbitan monopalmitate (SMP) resulted in higher RE compared to the liquid emulsifier sorbitan sesquioleate (SSO). Additions of...
Palmaria mollis (Pacific dulse) is increasingly being used in land-based marine aquaculture. This work elucidates nutrient, inorganic carbon, light, salinity, and temperature requirements of P. mollis as food for abalone species. Nutrient additions every 5 to 7 days resulted in no significant difference in P. mollis growth compared with daily...
Effects of spray-dried algae, Schizochytrium sp. and Haematococcus pluvialis, on growth and survival of Manila clam, Tapes philippinarum, spat were determined. Results of the present study showed that these two different spray-dried diets supported clam growth when added as supplements to rations of a mixed diet of the live algae...
Shellfish growers have expressed interest in developing high-yielding oyster strains through selective breeding. This dissertation has three objectives to help determine the effects of genetic and environmental variation on production traits (body weight, survival, and yield) of Pacific oysters grown in the Pacific Northwest. Objective 1: Determine if relative family...
The suspension-feeding mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis, is a common inhabitant of intertidal mudflats in estuaries throughout the Pacific Northwest, where it develops extensive burrows. Also inhabiting the shrimps' burrow is the commensal bivalve, Cryptomya californica. Filtration by dense populations of the shrimp and its commensals may have a negative impact...
Effective treatment of larval bacterial diseases is a difficult problem when
culturing ornamental fish. Oral administration of antibiotics using existing
microparticle types is not effective due to high leakage rates; furthermore, injection of
larvae is not practical. Treatment is currently limited to use of antibiotic baths, . In this
study,...
An acceptable microparticulate diet for marine fish larvae may be defined as an artificial diet that contains, retains, and delivers the required nutrients to support survival and growth. Factors affecting ingestion rate of prey items by fish larvae include environmental factors such as light intensity, prey/background contrast, possible chemical cues,...
The echinoderm axial organ is located centrally, at the meeting point of the
animals' "circulatory" systems. This, and its unusual histology, have prompted
the implication of a number of different functions for the organ, including
circulation, excretion and host defense. None of these have been definitively
proven. Claims that starfish...
A series of chemical penetrants are employed to
investigate the chemical characteristics of size bonds in
different sizing systems. The bonding strength has been
proved to be determined by the type of bonding. In rosinalum
size the size bond is an indirect coordinate bond,
which is vulnerable to the attack...
Dry strength is an inherent structural property of a paper sheet. It is due primarily to the development of fiber-to-fiber bonds. Polyamines, especially polyallylamine·HC1 (PAA), were found to be suitable mordants for rosin sizing. However, their effectiveness as dry strength agents has not been studied. In this study polyallylamine·HC1 was...