In Zambia, there are approximately 920,000 people living with HIV/AIDS. Children are often referred to as a "window of hope" due to a low HIV/AIDS prevalence rate (UNAIDS/WHO, 2006). With growing numbers of infections and an increased strain on the social and economic structure due to HIV/AIDS there is a...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) is a diploid, dioecious plant with an extensive history of cultivation and use in brewing, as a textile, and for its therapeutic properties. Hop is prized for its ability to produce a variety of aromatic and flavor compounds, as well as compounds with anti-microbial...
The purpose of this study was three fold: 1) to determine if false consensus
effects would be found for estimates of sexual behaviors, 2) to determine the directional
accuracy of consensus estimates for subscribers and nonsubscribers and 3) to determine if
the degree of accuracy of those estimates was influenced...
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to
measure specific antibody response in bovine sera to bovine
adenovirus type 3 (BA3), an etiologic agent of respiratory
disease causing economic losses annualy to the cattle
industry. Observed endpoint titers were determined using
the intersection point from optical density values of
serially diluted...
This study investigated the attitudes of mental health counselors toward persons
with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Three hundred and fifty-eight
members of the American Mental Health Counselors Association were mailed a survey
packet including an Attitude Towards AIDS Victims scale and an additional two
questions assessing comfort with clients with...
Urban ecosystems are characterized by human disturbance and changes in the amount, types, and spatial arrangement of wildlife habitat. The relative importance of habitat and human associated variables to urban birds is unknown. In 1999, I surveyed spring bird and plant communities along 54 perennial streams
in the Portland, Oregon...
The literature asserts that sexuality educators should be comfortable
with sexuality. In fact, some authors suggest that comfort with
sexuality is a major criterion for qualification as a sexuality educator.
Yet, the literature is vague and assuming and what the concept
of comfort with sexuality means to teachers. Thus, the...
Historians and sociologists of science often identify the efflorescence of social stud ies of science with the work of postwar American intellectuals such as Robert K. Merton and Thomas S. Kuhn. They often also refer to the views of Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) on the roles of tacit knowledge, apprenticeship, social...
The Newell Farmstead (35MA41) archaeological site lies in the heart of the French Prairie in the Willamette Valley in the Champoeg State Heritage Area, Oregon. The integrity and depth of deposition have made the Newell site a unique opportunity to look at activity areas and domestic life of early Euro-American...
This thesis is based on the excavations of the Robert Newell farmstead (35MA41), excavated in 2002 and 2003 by the Oregon State University Department of Anthropology archaeological field school. Robert Newell lived at this farm from 1843- 1854. Major architectural features, including a brick hearth and postholes were discovered at...
This dissertation focuses on the life of Dixy Lee Ray as it examines important developments in marine biology and biological oceanography during the mid twentieth century. In addition, Ray's key involvement in the public understanding of science movement of the 1950s and 1960s provides a larger social and cultural context...
From 1925 to 1930, Ernest H. Wiegand, a professor of Horticultural Products at Oregon State Agricultural College, developed an improved brining process for cherries. Brined cherries are used in the production of maraschino and glacé cherries, which already had a sizable market in the United States by the 1920s. This...
L. C. Dunn (1893-1974) spent most of his scientific career conducting research in
developmental genetics as a member of the Zoology Department at Columbia
University in the City of New York. He had an accomplished scientific career
researching mutations in mice, which earned him respect from other geneticists and
scientists....
This dissertation has two objectives. The first objective is to determine where best to situate the study of mentoring (i.e. the 'making of scientists') on the landscape of the history of science and science studies. This task is accomplished by establishing mentoring studies as a link between the robust body...
John Archibald Wheeler (09 July 1911- ) is a familiar name to physicists and historians of physics alike. Among his many contributions to the corpus of knowledge, in 1939 John Wheeler and Niels Bohr co-authored the first paper on the generalized mechanism of nuclear fission. Beyond that seminal work, Wheeler...
This thesis will address the transformation of biological sciences during the 1930s and 1940s and it effects on fisheries science. It will focus on Oregon State College and specifically the Department of Fish and Game Management and the interaction with the Oregon Game Commission. Support for mutation theory and neo-...
The public controversy over possible health hazards from radioactive fallout from atomic bomb testing began in 1954, shortly after a thermonuclear test by the United States spread fallout world wide. In the dissertation, I address two of the fundamental questions of the fallout controversy: Was there a threshold of radiation...
The purpose of this study was to investigate Peer Collaborative
Mentoring (PCM) as a professional development model for international
graduate teaching assistants at an American university. Data were gathered
from interviews and observations of three American peer mentors
(Intracultural Peer Mentors/IAPMs), five Chinese Graduate Teaching
Assistants (Intercultural Peer Mentors/IEPMs), and...
Understanding the impact of humans on the environment has long been a topic of scholarly interest and debate. As environmental problems mount, accounts of historic ecological conditions and the factors of change become increasingly useful. This study considers competing schools of interpretation about human impacts on ecological landscapes and develops...
In 1952, at the height of the McCarthy era, Franz Kallmann, a Jewish psychiatrist and eugenicist who fled the National Socialist regime in Germany, published a study, in which he claimed to have found a one hundred percent concordance rate for homosexuality among forty pairs of identical twins. From this...
Exception handling is a programming language feature that can help increase the reliability of programs. However, not much work has been done on exception handling in visual programming languages. We present an approach for improving the exception handling mechanism in Forms/3, a declarative visual programming language based on the spreadsheet...
How can end users efficiently influence the predictions that machine learning systems make on their behalf? Traditional systems rely on users to provide examples of how they want the learning system to behave, but this is not always practical for the user, nor efficient for the learning system. This dissertation...
The purposes of the study were to: 1) evaluate health knowledge competencies,
2) assess health skills, and 3) determine interrelationships among health knowledge,
health skills, and self-reported behavioral demographic variables for Oregon
entry-level college freshmen who had graduated from Oregon schools. An instrument,
the "Health Education Survey," was developed with...
Exception handling is a general purpose tool found in many modern programming language, but most work to date is based on textual languages. We present an approach to exception handling in a new context, the visual programming language Forms/3. The visual nature of Forms/3 supports an effective approach to exception...
Traditionally, research into end-user programming has focused on how to make programming more accessible to end users conducting the programming activities all by themselves. However, few researchers have considered introducing the concept of collaborative programming into the area of end-user programming, and how the programming environments and devices should be...
Although the need for gender-inclusivity in software itself is gaining attention among both SE researchers and SE practitioners, and methods have been published to help, little has been reported on how to make such methods work in real-world settings. For example, how do busy software practitioners use such methods in...
The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether the 1981
recommendation by the Montana State Board of Public Education had in
fluenced actual implementation of sexuality education in that state.
The study also sought to describe sexuality education in Montana and to
assess perceptions of Montana public high...
Today's office worker is being expected to operate computers in order to
increase office productivity. While learning the new technology is a positive
challenge for most people, some students experience a negative computer
attitude when faced with computer training. This study sought to determine if
there were significant differences about...
Although there has been research into ways to design spreadsheet systems to improve the processes of creating new spreadsheets and of understanding existing ones, little attention has been given to helping users of these environments test their spreadsheets. To help address this need, we introduce two visual approaches to testing...
"What’s wrong with this AI?" Explainable AI (XAI) researchers are moving beyond explaining an AI’s actions, to helping users detect an AI’s failures. However this detection may not be enough—for actionability, we often need to pinpoint which part failed. We investigate how AAR/AI, a structured assessment process, supports users with...
While digital inclusivity researchers and software practitioners have been trying to address exclusion biases in Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers (WIMP) user interfaces (UIs) for a long time, little has been done to investigate if and how inclusive software design and its methods that have been devised for WIMP UIs...
It has been held that heuristic training alone is not enough for developing one's mathematical thinking. One missing component is a mathematical point of view. Many educational researchers have proposed problem-based curricula to improve students' views of mathematical thinking. The present study reports findings regarding effects of a problem-based calculus...
The purpose of this investigation was to describe tenth grade students' views
of the purposes of geometric proof within the context of their learning. Classroom
observations, the curriculum, assessment tools, journal questions, and a
preconceptions questionnaire were used to provide context for the views expressed by
students from a single...
The study investigated the impact of Thai preservice middle school mathematics teachers' knowledge of subject matter and of students' conceptions of division of rational numbers with respect to their classroom practices in a teaching environment controlled by a required national curriculum. Four preservice teachers were selected with different knowledge of...
White muscle disease or muscular dystrophy of sheep is a selenium
responsive malady common to many areas with an inherent natural
deficiency of selenium in the forage. The disease can be prevented in
lambs by adding trace amounts (approximately 0.1 ppm) of selenium to
the otherwise selenium deficient, forage fed...
Specific concern for housing and caring for the elderly has
received national attention since the White House Conference on Aging
held in 1961. The federal government has provided funds for studying
housing needs of the elderly. One alternative is the retirement home
which is defined as providing food, shelter and...
The volatile flavor fraction of lightly milled wheat grown in
eastern Oregon was isolated for study by two methods: steam distillation
under vacuum and steam distillation at atmospheric pressure.
The sample obtained under vacuum was extracted with ether
which was then evaporated to yield the desired wheat essence.
Steam distillation...
Since World War II developments have taken place in the field
of textiles at such a rapid pace that the average homemaker is completely
confused by the choices she must make. A review of literature
revealed that through adult education classes an effort has been
made to help women with...
Addiction is a word that represents a condition that, at best, causes minor disruptions to one’s life and, at worst, is lethal. The current definition was developed by 80 neuroscientists. It references substance use and other behaviors and includes food and sex. Addictions do not seem to be lessening but...
Two organophosphates (Ruelene and Tiguvon) and two carbamates
(Sevin and Baygon) were administered topically at various sublethal
concentrations to cricket eggs. All the pesticides caused an immediate
decrease in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity level in the
embryo, but the level usually returned to normal within three days
after dosage. The...
I am a woman who writes. I am a writer who is a woman. In the Words
of a Woman is an exploration of how these two facts of my life merge and
influence each other. It is a work written to mediate between the supposed
dichotomies of creative and...