Three research questions are addressed in this study: (1) To what degree do residents
support/oppose various aspects of water resources protection? (2) What factors explain
residents' attitudes? and, (3) How do attitudes vary between participants and nonparticipants
of place-based groups (watershed councils and neighborhood
associations)? The population of interest is...
Three research questions are addressed in this study: (1) To what degree do residents
support/oppose various aspects of water resources protection? (2) What factors explain
residents' attitudes? and, (3) How do attitudes vary between participants and nonparticipants
of place-based groups (watershed councils and neighborhood
associations)? The population of interest is...
Three research questions are addressed in this study: (1) To what degree do residents
support/oppose various aspects of water resources protection? (2) What factors explain
residents' attitudes? and, (3) How do attitudes vary between participants and nonparticipants
of place-based groups (watershed councils and neighborhood
associations)? The population of interest is...
Winter wheat is commonly grown in dryland cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest region of semi-arid eastern Oregon. For agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons, it is important to understand the long-term sustainability of such dryland systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of tillage, nitrogen...
The development of whey beverages including whey wine has been
an area of whey utilization research. One study to produce a commercially
salable wine from sweet whey, particularly cheddar whey, was
undertaken. It included developing a process to clarify the naturally
cloudy wine, monitoring the physical and chemical changes which...
The effects of L-ascorbic acid, thiamine HC1, or L-cysteine on
acetaldehyde blood levels and disposition were investigated in acetaldehyde-
treated rats. Rats were treated with ascorbic acid (2
mmoles/kg), thiamine (0.24 mmole/kg), or cysteine (2 mmoles/kg) one
hour before the administration of acetaldehyde (6 mmoles/kg). The
results show that each...
Public Law 94-142, passed in 1975, mandated that all children receive a free and
appropriate education regardless of the extent of their handicapping condition. Handicapped
students were to be educated in the "least restrictive environment" possible. Placing handicapped
students in regular classrooms has been termed "mainstreaming." Mainstreaming has produced
concerns...
Ninety-six hour acute toxicity bioassays were employed to
determine the tolerance of juvenile coho salmon to chlorinated
stabilized kraft mill effluent (SKME). In addition the effect of
chlorinated SKME on the growth of juvenile coho salmon in six and
ten day experiments was studied.
Results of the acute toxicity tests...
In many areas of the Western U.S., diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.)
has invaded into plant communities dominated by bluebunch wheatgrass
(Pseudomegnaria spicata [Pursh] A. Love). The objectives of this study were to compare
growth response of both species when grown under altered moisture and temperature
regimes while in the...
Carter Lake, a freshwater, coastal dune-margin lake,
was sampled at the beginning and end of the summer of 1986
to determine the sediment characteristics and benthic
macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, variety, and
diversity. The distributions of major benthic habitats were
estimated by snorkeling in June and July, 1986. Water
temperature and...
Ecologists have studied the responses of pelagic ecosystems
to varying levels of nutrient loading and fish predation on many
different scales ranging from small experimental enclosures to
whole lake systems. There are recurring patterns of response to
these two variables, which are generally predictable on the basis
of biogeographic, behavioral,...
Ambystoma macrodactylum (long-toed salamander) and A. gracile (northwestern salamander) are two common salamander species occupying key trophic positions in mountain ponds of Mount Rainier National Park. The objective of this research was to document and evaluate the distributions and abundances of the two species, relative to habitat characteristics of ponds...
From July 1985 to April 1987 the pelagic zooplankton community of Crater Lake, Oregon was studied to determine taxonomic structure, absolute and relative densities, and spatial and temporal distributional patterns. Samples were collected using vertically-towed zooplankton nets. The community structure consisted of two cladoceran and nine rotifer species, which were...
Distribution and life history characteristics of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus
confluentus) were described in the North Fork Skokomish River Basin (including Lake
Cushman, a reservoir) from 1994 to 1996. Day snorkeling was conducted in the river to
determine initiation of the bull trout spawning migration, abundance of spawners, and
duration...
The species compositions and densities of the littoral and pelagic zooplankton
assemblages in Crater Lake were compared. The littoral and pelagic zooplankton
assemblages of most lakes are typically different due to different habitat conditions in the
two zones. The littoral zone of Crater Lake lacks many of the habitat characteristics,...
Recent climatic warming trends and increases in the frequency and extent of wildfires have prompted much concern regarding the potential for rapid change in the structure and function of forested ecosystems around the world. Episodes of mortality in wildfires and insect outbreaks associated with drought have affected large areas and...
The Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database provides a framework for quantitative, global-scale explorations of the relationship between freshwater resources and international cooperation and conflict. Projects were designed to test common theories linking freshwater resources to cooperation and conflict, in particular within the context of geography and environmental security. The projects, which...
"The principal objectives of this study were: (1) to locate suitable intertidal and subtidal clam planting sites and to determine the feasibility of planting laboratory spawned clams, (2) to map locations of bay clams having commercial harvesting potential, (3) to develop techniques for spawning and rearing native species of clams...
Waldo Lake, located in the Oregon Cascades, is
considered to be one of the most dilute lakes in the
world. Even with very low nutrient concentrations and
sparse populations of zooplankton, introduced fish in the
lake are large in size and in good condition when compared
to fish from other...
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women, with an estimated 12.4% of American women diagnosed with this tumor type. Evidence suggests that exogenous disruptors can exert epigenetic changes leading to aberrant gene expression, shifting the cellular balance toward oncogenesis. While chemical pollutant exposure is well-studied, light...
The purpose of this study of the life and career of Dr. Carl
Leonard Anderson was to recount his professional contributions to
the field of health and relate these to public health and health education. The major emphasis of this study concerned Dr. Anderson's
professional life.
The accomplishment of the...
Heat transfer measurements have been made from a long (L/D = 15)
horizontal cylinder in water parallel to a heated vertical wall. The
cylinder and wall boundary conditions were isothermal, and they were
maintained at equal temperatures. The investigation covered Rayleigh
numbers based on cylinder diameter from 400,000 to 10,000,000....
Pineal hydroxyindole-0-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity
was monitored over a 24 h period under three different photoperiods,
16L:8D, 8L: 16D, and 12 L:12D. It was observed that in all three
groups of fish HIOMT activity was high' during the dark portion of the
photoperiod in comparison to activity during the light portion....
Managing rangelands with livestock grazing is a tool that can be applied to obtain vegetation management objectives. Animals utilize available resources, which vary in quantity and quality, across the landscape. Their movements are adjusted to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of resource distribution. Controlling livestock distribution is fundamental to economically...
The echinoderm axial organ is located centrally, at the meeting point of the
animals' "circulatory" systems. This, and its unusual histology, have prompted
the implication of a number of different functions for the organ, including
circulation, excretion and host defense. None of these have been definitively
proven. Claims that starfish...
The relationship of intracellular drug levels and resultant drug activity to intracellular pH (pHi) was studied in the experimental tumors. Glucose (5 g/kg) and/or sodium oxamate (0.1 mmol) were administered to Walker 256 ascites cells and Ehrlich ascites cells, in an attempt to alter pHi as measured by the distribution...
The toxicity of chlorobenzene (CB) was investigated in rainbow
trout following acute ip administration (1. 0 ml/kg, 1:1 in corn oil)
and chronic exposure (2. 1 ppm and 2. 9 ppm) via the water in a continuously
flowing system for 15 and 30 days.
In the acute study, overt toxicity...
Male Sprague Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal dose
of BCNU in experiments designed to measure biochemical changes associated with the pulmonary toxicity described for this agent. Changes in
serum and lung lavage angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity
were measured to detect changes in pulmonary endothelial cell integrity. Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor...
The hepatotoxicity of CB was studied in the Sprague-Dawley rat and rainbow trout. In rats, an ip dosage of 9.8 mmol/kg CB (~̲ LD10) produced evidence of liver toxicity over a 72 hr time course. Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention maximized 3-16 hr post treatment and normalized after 72 hr whereas plasma...
Pentobarbital binding to hemoglobin, evidence of an interaction
between pentobarbital and 2,3-DPG in binding to hemoglobin, and the
effect of altered oxygen dissociation on the outcome of barbiturate
poisoning were studied.
Ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis techniques were used to
determine the binding of pentobarbital to solutions of purified
hemoglobin, diluted...
Previous investigation showed that 20 mg/kg BCNU
caused inhibition of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) excretion
and inhibited bile salt independent bile flow (BSIF) in
rats by 48 h after treatment (Hoyt, 1984).
The present investigation demonstrated that BCNU
inhibited the canalicular step in the excretion of BSP.
This was indicated by the...
An enhancement of the therapeutic effect and/or a reduction in
the toxicity have been shown by a variety of antineoplastic compounds
when glucose is added to the treatment schedule. A possible explanation
for this involves a selective change in intracellular pH of the
tumor tissue initiating a greater uptake of...
Rats were given single i.p. injections of BCNU to
investigate changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and
specific activity in male rats. Microsomal P-450 levels
were unchanged from 6 hours to 7 days after BCNU treatment
but by day 21 they had decreased 45%. Ethylmorphine N-demethylase
activity (nm product x...
BCNU caused severe cholestasis in rats after a single intraperitoneal injection. The cholestasis was characterized by a selective reduction of the bile salt independent bile flow to 11% of control. Decreased food or water consumption by the treated rats apparently did not contribute to cholestasis. Measurements of plasma Na⁺ and...
Life-history organization of the cutthroat trout (Oncorhvnchus clarki) may be viewed at various levels, including species, subspecies, metapopulation, population, or individual. Each level varies in spatial scale and temporal persistence, and components at each level continually change with changes in environment. Cutthroat trout are widely distributed throughout the western USA,...
The widespread introduction of trout to naturally fishless mountain lakes in the western United States has been accompanied by little research. The ecological role of trout populations occurring in 91 lakes of the central Selway Bitterroot Wilderness, Idaho, was examined with respect to 1) the sampling variability of biological and...
Two tributaries of the south fork of the Burnt River, near Unity Oregon were studied
during the summers of 2000 and 2001 to determine water heating and cooling
patterns. Hourly temperature data were recorded for air, water, and soil parameters
at four elevations 150m apart on Barney and Stevens Creeks....
Spawning coho, chinook, and chum salmon are annually surveyed in coastal streams by Department of Fish and Wildlife personnel. Annual peak counts of spawning salmon provide data for computing an index of coastal escapement which is plotted each year to chart spawning salmon trends over a period of years. This...
The Boleyn home located in Portland Oregon (latitude 45°) is evaluated based on monitoring data taken from 1977 to 1982. The Boleyn home is a two-story (plus basement) frame home. It takes benefit of passive solar gains and is equipped with an active solar system. The active solar system consists...
Invasive plant species are expanding and transforming vegetative communities across Oregon and throughout the United States. Over the past three decades remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been integrated to detect and map the distribution of noxious rangeland plants. This study developed low-cost...