The purpose of this study was to monitor coronary responses
occurring in the S-T segment of an electrocardiogram before, during
and after exercise following a "standard" carbohydrate-loading schedule with varied vitamin B-6 supplementation. The study was conducted
using four college-aged males who had been training a minimum of two
years...
The primary goal of my studies was to elucidate the mechanisms for the well-recognized interaction between two nutrients, vitamins E and K. The outcomes from my studies assess mechanisms for adverse effects of vitamin E and provide novel information on mechanisms for vitamin K homeostasis. These findings will provide information...
The present study investigated whether vitamin E supplementation reduced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and improved vitamin E status in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol, plasma ascorbic acid, and iron status were determined in 11 regular HD patients prior to and post-dialysis, before and during oral supplementation of...
Ozone is recognized as one of the most dangerous irritants to eyes, throat, lungs and etc .. Chamber studies consistently have demonstrated adverse effects of ozone on human lung function. The results of epidemiological studies, however, have been controversial, partly because there are many factors that affect human lung function....
The use of an antibiotic as a growth promoter (AGP) began in the 1940’s with the discovery of growth responses from Streptomyces aureofaciens in the monogastric diet. However, resistance and residue problems have increased the negative consumer perception of growth promoting antibiotic use in animal diets. Although no direct link...
Blood, liver, kidney, femur, and ovaries were assayed
from female Wistar rats following oral administration of
uranyl nitrate. Three uranium concentrations were
studied for six time periods ranging from 4 hours to 240
hours following gavage. Uranium burdens of tissues were
determined by neutron activation and delayed fission
neutron counting...
Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke and is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. As an inflammatory disease of arteries in a hyperlipidemic milieu, expression of adhesion molecules, such as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), on endothelial...
Although IL-4 is a well-characterized multi-functional cytokine, its role as a survival factor in T cells is not completely understood. In an attempt to uncover IL-4-mediated survival, we studied caspase activation in primary mouse T lymphocytes undergoing death by neglect, activation-induced or steroid-induced cell death. Here, we identify the executioner...
The objective of this work is to add to the body of translational data between high dose animal model research and the environmentally relevant human metabolism of the persistent pollutant dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC). We furthered the knowledge of gene/exposure interactions by determining the carcinogenesis risk based on Cyp1b1 genotype following in...
A key mechanism utilized by plants to make iron (Fe) available for
uptake is the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) via an inducible, plasma
membrane-bound Fe(III) reductase. Genes encoding such enzymes have
not yet been isolated from plants; however, two Fe(III) reductases have
been cloned from yeast. FRE1 and FRE2...
The public controversy over possible health hazards from radioactive fallout from atomic bomb testing began in 1954, shortly after a thermonuclear test by the United States spread fallout world wide. In the dissertation, I address two of the fundamental questions of the fallout controversy: Was there a threshold of radiation...
Bioelectric responses from the isolated eye of the purple shore
crab were measured by the electroretinogram with stimulation by
light from wavelengths of 250 to 800 nm, strontium-yttrium-90 beta
radiation, 17.5 keV x-radiation, and 3-cm microwaves.
Peak sensitivities to light stimulation were found at 350 and 500
nm. These peaks...
Two experiments were conducted looking at both acute and sub-acute laminitis. An acute nutritional induction model was used to examine whether blood profiles and gene expression are similar to other studies conducted using an endotoxin induction model. Twelve sheep were randomly assigned to three treatment groups which were control, 4-hour...
The uptake, retention, and distribution of ⁶⁰Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁸⁵ Sr, and ¹³¹I was examined in the Rough-Skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa). Each of these radionuclides is a possible contaminant of the freshwater environment and, thus, is of importance in radioecology. The newts were maintained singly at 10° C in an unfed...
A study was performed to assess the uptake and retention patterns
of cesium-134 in the gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus Miller. To
furnish a realistic source of contaminated food for the voles, wheat
seedlings were raised in hydroponic solutions to provide radiocesium
labeled wheat clippings. The hydroponic system was designed to...
This dissertation presents a research series demonstrating the use of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations as tools to assess drug concentration and disposition in patient populations. For drugs requiring therapeutic drug monitoring, these tools are necessary to ensure patients are receiving a safe and effective dose of medication to address their...
Iodoacetic acid and diphenylamine were used in this study to
elucidate the mechanisms of resistance of Micrococcus radiodurans
to radiation. This organism, a gram positive, non-spore forming,
salmon-pink, tetracoccus has a LD₅₀ of 213,000 R when grown in
the absence of radio-modifying agents.
M. radiodurans, when grown in media containing...
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, affecting a third of women and a fifth of men over age 65. In the US, annual health care costs associated with osteoporosis are estimated to be over $20 billion. Osteoporosis is associated with increased fracture risk, which has been demonstrated to predict...
Zinc is an essential mineral that is integral to many proteins and transcription factors that regulate key cellular functions. The normal prostate accumulates high concentrations of zinc; however, malignant tissues have significantly lower zinc levels. This unique relationship between zinc and the prostate has sparked interest in the role of...
Purpose:
The xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are concentrated in the macula lutea of the retina. It is thought that the two plant pigments may play a role in preventing the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exposure to damaging light plays a role in retinal deterioration and AMD. The...
Particles generated from wear of prosthesis joint bearing surfaces induce inflammation and promote pathological periprosthetic osteoclast-mediated bone resorption (osteolysis). Obesity increases the risk of prosthesis failure. However, despite being morbidly obese, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are resistant to osteolysis. These findings suggest that leptin exerts effects that act to increase particle-induced...
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Study 2.2: Effect of housing temperature on particle-induced osteolysis in WT
Study 2.3
White muscle disease or muscular dystrophy of sheep is a selenium
responsive malady common to many areas with an inherent natural
deficiency of selenium in the forage. The disease can be prevented in
lambs by adding trace amounts (approximately 0.1 ppm) of selenium to
the otherwise selenium deficient, forage fed...
We investigated the relationship between calcium and protein intake and bone loss over a one-year period in 99 early postmenopausal women (1-36 months) aged 51.3 ± 0.31 years. Bone mineral density (g/cm²) of the left hip (total hip, femoral neck, greater trochanter) and lumbar spine (L1-L4) as well as body...
Roughskin newts, Taricha granulosa (Skilton), were exposed to
UV-B (280-320nm), UV-A (321-380 nm), and visible radiation from
fluorescent sunlamps (Westinghouse FS40) that were filtered with
cellulose acetate film. UV-B controls were exposed to irradiation
from sunlamps that were filtered with Mylar-D, a polyester film
that effectively absorbed UV-B radiation while...
The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of selenium on
selenoprotein W. Western blot analysis indicated that selenoprotein W is present in
muscle, brain, testis and spleen of rat tissues. Tissue distribution of selenoprotein W
was not altered in rats fed various selenium levels. Among muscle, brain,...
This experiment was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of calcium ions on tetracycline absorption when oral doses of tetracycline and calcium-containing medications were administered concurrently. Twenty-one human volunteers were selected and divided into three equal-sized groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C. Each volunteer in Group A...
Precision irrigation has made spatially explicit water management a reality. However, detailed knowledge about the spatially variable evapotranspiration is often unavailable. One example location where we can begin to understand the impact of spatial variability on evapotranspiration is at the field edge, which contains a sharp discontinuity in surface conditions....
Four experiments were carried out with broiler chicks from day-old to three or four weeks of age to assess the effects of nitrates and nitrites from calcium, potassium, and sodium salts in the drinking water of broilers on growth, body weights, feed utilization, blood chemistries, liver tissues, and lipid oxidation...
Recently, changes in human performance following whole-body vibration (WBV) training have been attributed to enhanced neuromuscular function. However, the exact neural and muscular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on the...
The effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on photosynthesis and
various partial reactions involving the individual photoreactions of
photosynthesis were examined. These reactions included photo-reduction in adapted green algae, Hill reaction, cyclic photophosphorylation,
the 520 nm absorbance change and variable-yield fluorescence.
The reactions were measured in spinach chloroplasts and
isolated chloroplasts...
Adula californiensis, which inhabits mudstone along the open
coast and in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, is subjected to extremely varying
conditions. Laboratory experiments of a factorial design were used
to investigate the effects of temperature and salinity on survival,
growth and respiration during early development.
The rate of development to the...
Phytophthora ramorum, an oomycete plant pathogen, is the causal agent of sudden oak death, a serious disease of Fagaceous trees in California and Oregon over the last decade. Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) is one of the most susceptible host species, but the cause of host mortality is poorly understood. Previous research...
Postmenopausat women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to be stronger when compared to women who are not using HRT. The first goal of this study was to investigate whether muscle morphology was altered in women who use HRT when compared to women who do not use HAT....
Electrofishing is a sampling tool commonly used by fisheries researchers. While much is known about the effects of electroshock on fish physiology, consequences to the immune system and disease progression have not received attention. To understand the effects of electroshock on immune function we undertook a comparison of electroshock and...
Three studies were designed to evaluate the promoting
effect of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on avian myeloblastosis
virus (AMV) infection in White Leghorn chickens.
In the first study effects on growth parameters, blood serum
and erythrocyte lipid composition of White Leghorn chickens
were investigated at 100 ppm and 300 ppm...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine
the effectiveness, if any, of the P0₂ Aerobic Exerciser in
simulating high altitude training in cross country runners
living at sea level.
Procedures: This study was conducted during the 1982
winter term at Oregon State University. Four cross country
runners of...
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of glucose on plasma pyridoxal 5'- phosphate (PLP) concentration. The objective was to determine whether there was a negative relationship between glucose ingestion and plasma PLP concentration and to evaluate the possible mechanism of decreased PLP after acute glucose ingestion. Seven healthy...
The susceptibility of milk to copper-induced or accelerated off-flavors is well known. Other animal products, including meats have not been so extensively studied. In this study different species of animals (pigs, calves, lambs and rabbits) were fed on normal rations with and without supplements of copper sulfate. During the course...
Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption
of fish may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Compared to the number of studies using fish oils, few
studies have used fish itself. Those which have used fish
have generally used fattier fish such as mackerel and salmon
as part of an...
Numerous dietary factors have been shown to influence the fatty acid profiles (FAP)
in breast milk from lactating women. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of trace
minerals on milk FAP. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect
of selenium status on the FAP in...
One hundred and fifty-one weanling rats of both sexes were fed
control diets or diets containing 160 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or
150 ppm N-2-fluorenyl-acetamide (FAA). The carcinogen level was
calculated so that the LD₅₀ should be achieved at about 17 weeks.
Each carcinogen treatment was incorporated with three different diet...