Since the use of N, N-diethylaniline hydrochloride in the chlorination
of uric acid with phosphoryl chloride seems to promote the
reaction, a study of the effect of other salts of nitrogenous bases in
the chlorination of uric acid was undertaken. When N, N-diethylaniline
hydrochloride was used in lieu of the...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia often coexist and both conditions are increasing in prevalence in the U.S., although their shared role on cardiovascular risk remains highly debated.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to...
Published January 1956. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Normal adult rats absorbed and metabolized C¹⁴-labeled acetate
rapidly. The greatest percentage of the administered radioactivity
was recovered in the expired CO₂, however small amounts of radioactivity
were also found in the urine and feces. There were two rates
of C¹⁴O₂ elimination in normal adult rats. The small amount of...
The binding of eleven polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons to the acid
form of poly A has been investigated. The hydrocarbons were chosen to
test a size criterion. Model building showed that some hydrocarbons
could intercalate in the helix and be well protected from contact with
the aqueous solvent. Experimentally it was...
As organisms age they lose the ability to respond to both exogenous and endogenous stresses, therefore placing them at a greater risk for the development of many diseases. The transcription factor Nrf2 is responsible for the induction of many oxidative stress response genes and therefore 3proteins. Additionally, Nrf2-mediated stress response...
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to be required
for larval growth and normal wing development in several
species of Lepidoptera but most of the basic information necessary
for a complete understanding of this nutritional phenomenon has not
been gathered. This includes the role of each of the essential...
Hyperuricemia is the condition of excessive presence of plasma uric acid ≥ 6 mg/dl. Conventional clinical/hospital urate-lowering treatment includes the administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs or xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Numerous drawbacks can be observed from these conventional treatments. In patients with refractory gout symptoms and tumor lysis syndrome, recombinant uricase...
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
procedure using a LiChrosorb-NH₂ column and a eluant
buffer of 75:25 (v/v) of acetonitrile:0.05 M KH₂P0₄, pH
5.95, was developed for the successful separation and
determination of ascorbic and erythorbic acids in selected
food samples.
Application of the method, which is sensitive, rapid
and...
Current dietary recommendations have placed increasing emphasis on dietary fat
as an important element to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although total
fat and the fatty acid composition of diets influence the risk of CVD, the optimal amounts
of different fatty acids are not well defined, especially if n-6...
The effects of L-ascorbic acid, thiamine HC1, or L-cysteine on
acetaldehyde blood levels and disposition were investigated in acetaldehyde-
treated rats. Rats were treated with ascorbic acid (2
mmoles/kg), thiamine (0.24 mmole/kg), or cysteine (2 mmoles/kg) one
hour before the administration of acetaldehyde (6 mmoles/kg). The
results show that each...
I. THE EFFECT OF FEEDING PROGRAMS ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND
SELECTED BLOOD CHEMISTRIES OF CAGED BROILER BREEDER MALES:
1. FEED RESTRICTION LEVELS:
The effects of five different feeding levels (136, 125, 113,
102, and 91 g/male/day of a 13.1% crude protein (CP), 3167 kcal ME/kg
feed) on the reproductive traits...
Rapid copper depletion without clinical symptoms of copper deficiency
was found in cattle under natural Klamath basin conditions.
Copper metabolism was influenced by grass species fed to the animals.
Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 'Altar and 'Fawn', reduced
liver copper stores and decreased blood plasma copper and ceruloplasmin
activity to...
Seven experiments were carried out to investigate the
involvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on the
incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) in broiler
chickens.
Hepatic arachidonate level decreased after 1 h postmortem.
The decreased level of hepatic arachidonate
previously observed in SDS birds was, therefore, associated
with the post-mortem...
Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis have a high incidence of oxidative stress-related diseases. This study evaluated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis before and during vitamin E supplementation. Blood samples were obtained before and after dialysis during two separate dialysis sessions to establish baseline measurements....
Data were taken, following irradiation exposure to
100r and 300r cumulative dose, on 89 rabbits of three
breeds that vary greatly in body size. Hematological,
intestinal motility, and ear vascularity examinations
were performed. Least square estimates have been obtained and an analysis of variance has been conducted in
order estimate...
Perinatal growth restriction programs higher risk for chronic disease during adulthood
via morphological and physiological changes in organ systems. Perinatal growth
restriction is highly correlated with a decreased nephron number, altered renal function
and subsequent hypertension. We hypothesize that such renal maladaptations result in
altered pharmacologic patterns for life. Maternal...
Full Text:
, respectively. Further evidence of renal insufficiency was suggested by decreased
uricacid clearance. Renal
Perinatal growth restriction programs higher risk for chronic disease during adulthood
via morphological and physiological changes in organ systems. Perinatal growth
restriction is highly correlated with a decreased nephron number, altered renal function
and subsequent hypertension. We hypothesize that such renal maladaptations result in
altered pharmacologic patterns for life. Maternal...
Perinatal growth restriction programs higher risk for chronic disease during adulthood
via morphological and physiological changes in organ systems. Perinatal growth
restriction is highly correlated with a decreased nephron number, altered renal function
and subsequent hypertension. We hypothesize that such renal maladaptations result in
altered pharmacologic patterns for life. Maternal...
A series of 17 experiments was conducted to investigate the minimum
vitamin requirement and vitamin interrelationship for growth of
Coturnix coturnix japonica to two weeks of age using a glucose
monohydrate-isolated soybean protein diet.
The first phase involved two preliminary trials. The first trial
consisted of four treatments with the...
Biological interrelationships between the ambrosia beetle
Xyleborus dispar (F.) (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) with its symbiotic
fungus, Ambrosiella hartigii Batra (Fungi Imperfecti) were investigated
in western Oregon.
Postdiapause adults of X. dispar collected in March through
June with rotary nets, and excised from overwintered and newly
attacked host material, produced a single generation...
While hemodialysis is a unique therapy for treating chronic kidney failure, the application of extracorporeal blood processing presents the opportunity for treating a wider range of bloodborne diseases. The objective of the i-Blood research team is to develop a blood processing device that utilizes microscale-based technology as a platform for...
This study was conducted to assess whether healthy adults compared with those with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) have different mean oxidative-reductive potentials. Static oxidation-reduction potentials and capacity oxidation reduction potentials (sORP and cORP, respectively) were measured in plasma samples. The RedoxSYS® measures sORP in millivolts (mV), which is proportional to the...
Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have experienced declines throughout their range over the last 50 years. Long-term declines in sage-grouse abundance in Nevada and Oregon have been attributed to reduced productivity. From 1995-1997, sage-grouse production on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), Nevada was greater compared to Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge...
Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body becomes tipped heavily in favor of the reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can be present in excess due to elevated O2 levels, radiation, infection, smoking, or even excessive exercise. It is also...
The interrelationships between physical measurements, dietary
intake of specific nutrients, and plasma lipids were examined in 19
healthy elderly subjects. The mean blood pressures, relative weights,
and skinfold thicknesses were within normal ranges, although women
tended to be more overweight. Systolic pressure and relative weight
were associated with increased body...
To determine if 6 weeks prior supplementation with vitamins E and C
could alleviate exercise-induced DNA damage, prevent lipid peroxidation and
inflammation, slow the rate of vitamin E utilization and/or attenuate muscle
damage, 22 subjects (11 females: 11 males) were studied during a 50 km (32
mile) ultramarathon. Subjects were...
The goal of these experiments was to ensile combinations of shrimp or crab waste
with perennial ryegrass straw and analyze it for silage quality and ruminal degradability.
The rapid deterioration of seafood wastes required initial preservation prior to ensiling
to minimize odor production and protein breakdown. Eight experiments were conducted...
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
characterize
the
neutral
lipids
of
the
fat
body
of
the
larva
of
the
fleshfly
Sarcophaga
bullata
and
to
examine
the
means
by
which
these
lipids
are
synthesized.
The
weight
of
the
larva,
the
fat
body
as
well
as
its
lipid
content
were
examined...
Market lamb production usually requires a short period of time. The success of production is therefore dependent upon the growth rate of the lambs which is influenced by milk yields of the ewes. Different growth potentials of animals result from a difference in their utilisation of food. Since metabolism affects...
The role of synthesis and degradation in controlling enzyme
concentrations was studied.
Concentrations of chloride and arginine were determined for
blood and liver at various stages of development from the embryo to
the 8 day old chicken. The chloride concentrations were used to
obtain the volume of extracellular blood in...
To determine whether extreme endurance exercise induces lipid peroxidation, we studied 14 athletes (5 females: 9 males) during a 50 km ultramarathon (trial 1) and during a sedentary protocol (trial 2) one month later. At dinner the evening before the race (or sedentary trial), subjects consumed vitamin E labeled with...
In biological systems, antioxidants are bioactive compounds that protect against oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Natural antioxidant peptides are often purified and isolated from proteins as a less toxic alternative to synthetic peptides, but the mechanisms behind their activity are not well understood. The purpose of this study is...
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease resulting from excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure. The excess energy is mostly stored as fat in enlarged adipocytes, but some lipids may infiltrate other organs such as the liver to form ectopic fat. Adipose tissue and ectopic fat produce and secrete a...