In the North Atlantic, cold, relatively salty water sinks in the icy Labrador and Greenland seas, forming North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This circulates through the global ocean, driving ocean overturning and global heat transport and, thus, impacting global climate. As one of the most climatically sensitive regions on Earth,...
We describe novel hybrid algorithms for inversion of electromagnetic geophysical data, combining the computational and storage efficiency of a conjugate gradient approach with an Occam scheme for regularization and step-length control. The basic algorithm is based on the observation that iterative solution of the symmetric (Gauss-Newton) normal equations with conjugate...
The brief historical occurrence of aquaculture introduces the science that evolved from the early studies on cod propagation in 1864, and the export of these concepts about stock enhancement through protection of early life history stages through what has always been considered the ‘critical periods’ during which the majority of...
The social and economic objectives of society in the United
States are many and varied. All objectives, in turn, cannot be
achieved simultaneously because of a finite resource base. The problem
of finding an optimum, in some sense, level of achievement for
the various objectives is complicated by lack of...
I derive probability densities for virtual geomagnetic pole( VGP) longitudes for a general statistical model of
local magnetic field variations. I show that even for very
simple statistically homogeneous models of secular variation,
the distribution of VGP longitudes is peaked 90° away
from the sampling longitude. Thus, when sites are...
This paper describes the results of a project conducted to determine
the magnitude of and the parameters affecting the magnitude of the
cable tensions generated during lateral yarding operations in a cable
thinning. Specific emphasis was placed on measuring mainline tensions
as a function of turn weight, turn length, mainline...
Although satellite electromagnetic induction studies
have usually assumed a symmetric magnetospheric ring
current source, there is growing evidence for significant
source asymmetry. Here we apply empirical orthogonal
function methods to mid-latitude night-side hourly mean
geomagnetic observatory data to search for evidence of nonzonal
low-frequency source fields. The dominant spatial
mode...
Tidal energy dissipation is estimated for eight semi‐diurnal and diurnal constituents using a global inverse solution constrained by TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data. Very similar spatial patterns are obtained for all semi‐diurnal constituents, with about one third of the total dissipation occurring in the deep ocean over rough topography. Maps for diurnal...
The generalized inverse of a regional model is used to estimate barotropic tidal dissipation along the Hawaiian Ridge. The model, based on the linear shallow-water equations, incorporates parameterizations for the dissipation of energy via friction in the bottom boundary layer and form drag due to internal waves generated at topographic...
The interaction of the dominant semidiurnal M₂ internal tide with the large-scale subtidal flow is examined
in an ocean model by propagating the tide through an ensemble of background fields in a domain centered on
the Hawaiian Ridge. The background fields are taken from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)...
