Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Perception and reproductive response of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to photoperiod

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  • Three Oregon snap beans were tested for photoperiodic response on the basis of their overall flowering patterns. Oregon 1604 and Oregon 4848 showed the same cumulative flowering curves and percent pod set under both 11 hour SD and 16 hour LD photoperiods. Under SD, Oregon 2065 produced a similar flowering pattern to Oregon 1604 and Oregon 4848. Under LD, however, Oregon 2065 showed a 4 day delay in days to first flower and a 2 week delay in flowering if the few flowers on the terminal raceme were not included. Flowering rates and total number of blossoms produced were also increased and percent pod set decreased by LD in Oregon 2065. Oregon 2065, then, was judged to be a SD plant with respect to flowering while Oregon 1604 and Oregon 4848 did not demonstrate a photoperiod response under the conditions of this experiment. The primary leaves and first trifoliate leaf of Oregon 2065 were individually tested for photoperiod sensitivity. Both the primary leaves and the first trifoliate leaf were found to be sensitive to photoperiod as evidenced by their strong influence on flowering at the node of their insertion. Nodes with an SD (9 hour photoperiod) leaf bloomed normally while nodes with an LD (16 hour photoperiod) leaf failed to produce open blossoms. Observations of inflorescence development of plants on which leaves were given opposite photoperiod treatments showed that a lack of open flowers at the nodes with an LD leaf was the result of inflorescence abortion in all treatments but one. When both leaves were given LD visible inflorescences failed to develop. The primary leaves and first trifoliate leaf of Oregon 2065 were subjected to 8 different sequences of LD (16 hour) and/or SD (9 hour) photoperiods. SD periods generally promoted flowering while periods of LD inhibited flowering. The timing of the periods of SD and LD influenced the onset of flowering and flowering rate. Comparison of the cumulative flowering curves for each treatment showed that the partially defoliated plants reached their greatest sensitivity to photoperiod treatments 14-21 days following emergence. There was evidence that leaves become permanently SD induced; when a sufficient number of consecutive SD were applied to the primaries and first trifoliate leaf as they expanded to full size, subsequent transfer to LD did not affect flowering. There was no evidence that the leaves ever became permanently LD induced. Rather, the plants eventually overcame the LD inhibition of flowering showing that Oregon 2065 is a quantitative SD plant.
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