Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Development and application of SSR markers for measuring gene flow in Douglas-fir

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/4b29b8468

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  • Gene flow is a major evolutionary force and an important factor in the breeding and conservation of forest trees. I studied the applicability of SSR markers for measuring pollen-mediated gene flow (i.e., pollen flow) in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco). I developed SSR markers, tested alternative approaches for measuring pollen flow using SSR markers, then measured pollen contamination and characterized within-block mating patterns in one block of a seed orchard complex. Useful markers were developed from 4.1% of the SSR sequences screened. The 22 markers obtained are among the most informative genetic markers available for Douglas-fir. The observed heterozygosity and the number of alleles per marker averaged 0.855 (SE=0.020) and 23 (SE=1.6), respectively. Mistyping (i.e., false identification of genotypes) results in overestimating pollen flow. Requiring multiple mismatches for paternity exclusion, while assuring that the probability of detecting immigrant genotypes is high, results in accurate estimates of pollen flow. I developed and made available the Pollen Flow (PFL) computer program, which performs paternity exclusion and measures pollen flow based on multiple fatheroffspring mismatches. Pollen contamination was consistently high in all three years in which seed crops were sampled from the orchard block (mean = 35.3%). Levels of pollen contamination varied substantially among clones, and were significantly higher in clones with early female receptivity (mean = 55.5%) than in those with intermediate (mean = 36.4%) or late (mean = 28.3%) female receptivity. Seeds resulting from self-fertilization were rare (mean = 1.8%). Differences in the relative paternal contributions of the clones in the block were greater than ten-fold, and there was preferential mating among parents with similar floral phenology. Information from analyses of SSR data can be used to minimize pollen contamination and improve within-orchard mating patterns. Furthermore, SSRs can be used to advance knowledge of gene flow in natural populations. The availability of large sets of highly variable SSRs makes it possible to perform landscape-scale studies of gene flow and better understand the interactions between gene flow and adaptation. These studies will ultimately provide a basis for decisions in breeding and conservation programs.
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