Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Geology and paleoseismology of the Trans-Yamuna active fault system, Himalayan foothills of northwest India

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/6d570057n

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  • Satellite image interpretation, geologic mapping, and paleoseismic trenching are used to investigate the Trans-Yamuna active fault system in the northwestern Doon Valley of the Indian Himalayan foothills. This east-west fault system is subparallel to and crosses the Main Boundary thrust near the structural transition from the Nahan salient to the Dehra Dun reentrant. The Trans-Yamuna active fault system may terminate to the east at a lateral ramp of the Main Boundary thrust. A south-side-up, relatively linear fault trace with variable fault dips suggests that the fault system is high-angle reverse with a component of strike-slip. It is subdivided into the Sirmurital, Dhamaun, and Bharli faults, which probably connect at depth. The Dhamaun fault is exposed where it cuts the late Holocene upper Bhatrog terrace deposit of the Giri River. A paleoseismic investigation of the Sirmurital fault at another Giri River terrace did not expose the fault, but it suggests that late Holocene terrace deposits there may be folded into a syncline parallel to fault strike. The fold axis of the syncline continues into bedrock to the west. Earthquakes in 1905, 1803, or perhaps earlier may have been the source of folding of the fine-grained sediments within this terrace deposit. The Trans-Yamuna active fault system is a secondary hangingwall fault that may accommodate some strain release above the decollement during large-magnitude earthquakes. Strike-slip motion may be related to the lateral translation of the Karakoram fault block and east-west extension of the southern Tibet block as a result of oblique convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates in the northwest Himalaya.
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