Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Significance of a graphic plot of developmentally delayed children on anthropometric growth charts and its relationship to dietary intake

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  • Twenty-five idiopathic developmentally delayed children between two and ten years old were studied. A group of thirty non-delayed children of like age and sex was used as a control. Dietary information was collected for each subject via a 24-hour dietary recall, a two-day diet record, and a food frequency crosscheck. The dietaries were analyzed by computer for kilocalories, protein, calcium, iron, thiamin, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin D. Zinc was hand calculated from current literature values. Percentile values were determined for energy and protein intakes per cm. of height by using Beal's (1970) nutritional intake tables. The mineral and vitamin intakes were compared with the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and discussed as meeting the recommended allowances, meeting two-thirds of the RDA, meeting one-third of the RDA, or less. Five anthropometric measurements: height (or length), weight, head circumference, triceps fatfold, and upper arm circumference, were taken on each child. A clinical observation was made to substantiate accuracy of the measurements. The measurements were plotted on the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Growth Charts (1976) and the Nellhaus (1968) head circumference charts to obtain a percentile ranking. The Frisancho (1974) percentile tables for triceps skinfold and upper arm circumference were used to rank the last two measurements. Data concerning socioeconomic status, degree of developmental delay, medication, past and present feeding problems, and any medical diagnoses were collected during the clinic visit. There were no significant differences between the control group and the developmentally delayed (experimental) group except that the control children had larger head circumferences. The nutrients consumed in least adequate amounts were iron, zinc, and vitamin D. Otherwise the study population appeared to be well-nourished. Individuals plotting at the high or low percentile extremes are discussed. All possible pairs between growth and nutritional variables were tested for relationships. Statistically significant correlations between growth and dietary intake included: an association between upper arm circumference and zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin D intakes; height-for-age was associated with thiamin and vitamin C intakes; weight-for-age was associated with iron and calcium intake. No explanations were given for these correlations. It was concluded that anthropometric plots were as useful for screening developmentally delayed children at nutritional risk as they were for screening the control children. It was felt that this is probably due to the general mild delay of the experimental sample and that a sample with more severe developmental delays could not be efficiently screened by this method.
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