Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Experimental electron energy distributions for Townsend discharges in argon gas

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  • In this work the electron energy distribution functions and the anisotropic drift term of the velocity distribution functions in non-self-sustaining (Townsend) discharges in argon were determined by direct measurement for a range of E/N (electric field strength by gas atom concentration) from 70 to 407 Townsends (Td). (One Td equals 10⁻¹⁷ volts-cm²). Motivation is supplied by the theoretical prediction by Heylen and Lewis (9) of unusual electron energy distributions in Townsend discharges in the noble gases, and by the subsequent work by Roberts and Burch (20) supporting this prediction in helium. Some structure in the form of the distribution functions is observed, but the prediction of Heylen and Lewis (9) for argon is not fully supported. The experimental method employed is to energy-analyse electrons effusing from apertures in the anode of a discharge cell with a spherical retarding electric field. The discharge cell has plane parallel electrodes, a guard ring for field uniformity, and a specially built perforated anode. To determine the effect on the measurement of collecting the effusing electrons with a non-ideal collector, the collection efficiency of a platinum blacked stainless steel collector was investigated. Also, an attempt was made to insure the sphericity of the retarding field; however, the perturbations due to the nonspherical part of the field were also analyzed. The experimental energy distributions were used along with cross section data from the literature to compute the electron mobilities, diffusion constants, mean energies, and Townsends first ionization coefficients. Combination of the data with results from kinetic theory permitted evaluation of the anisotropic part of the velocity distribution function.
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