Honors College Thesis
 

Arsenic methylation by marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus

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  • Our experiments aimed to investigate responses of the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus to toxic arsenic species, such as arsenate, and to understand cellular mechanisms that contribute to arsenic tolerance. We used two strains of Prochlorococcus, a high-light adapted MED4 and low-light adapted MIT9313, both axenic, for cultivation experiments. For genomic comparisons, Synechococcus WH8102 was also studied. These experiments focused on confirming cyanobacterial tolerance to high ratios of arsenate to the important nutrient phosphate. We investigated arsenate/phosphate ratios in batch cultures and monitored growth rates and cell densities to determine arsenic sensitivity. We found that there was little to no sensitivity to arsenate in Synechococcus WH8102 and Prochlorococcus MED4, but evidence of a threshold to tolerance was observed in Prochlorococcus MIT9313. We used previous reports from the scientific literature to compare genes related to arsenic detoxification and methylation among the three strains we studied and speculate about pathways that could contribute to the differences we observed. Future research may focus on experiments with lower phosphate concentrations that approximate more accurately phosphate concentrations found in nature, and quantification of arsenic species, such as methylated arsenic compounds, produced by cyanobacteria.
  • Keywords: Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, Arsenic, methylation
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  • 29 pages

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