Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU

Determination of magnetoelastic parameters in magnetic thin films from FMR spectra

Creator:: Masood, Khalid I.
Abstract:: The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) phenomenon serves as a sensitive probe of the effective internal fields in a magnetic material. FMR spectroscopy has consequently become a well-established technique, extensively employed in assessing material properties such as magnetic anisotropy, Landé g-factor, damping parameter, and the magnetoelastic constants of magnetic materials. Determining these...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Action Segmentation in Videos: Deep Models, Prediction Diffusion, and Deep-Temporal Augmentations

Creator:: Aziere, Nicolas
Abstract:: This paper addresses the high model complexity and overconfident frame labeling of state-of-the-art (SOTA) action segmenters. Their complexity is typically justified by the need to sequentially refine action segmentation through multiple stages of a deep architecture. However, this multistage refinement does not take into account uncertainty of frame labeling predicted...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Supporting merge comprehension when resolving merge conflicts

Creator:: Nelson, Nicholas
Abstract:: Distributed version control allows developers to manage software evolution among distributed development teams. But it does not eliminate all consistency and concurrency issues, and instead introduces additional complexity when merging code. And resolving merge conflicts is nontrivial when automated merging fails. In such cases, developers are forced to inspect the...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Highly-Integrated Low-Power RF Receivers for Distributed Sensing and IoT Devices

Creator:: Bialek, Hayden
Abstract:: Low-power receivers (RX) with 100$\mu W$-scale power consumption can enable several power/energy-constrained IoT applications. However, achieving sensitivity, interferer tolerance and wide operating range with low power presents a challenge for existing architectures, particularly those constrained to highly integrated solutions without high-Q off-chip components. Existing solutions rely heavily on high quality...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Semantic embodied navigation : developing agents that navigate from language and vision

Creator:: Krantz, Jacob
Abstract:: Autonomous robotic agents are on their way to becoming in-home personal assistants, construction assistants, and warehouse workers. The degree of autonomy of such systems is reflected by the manner in which we specify goals to them; the abstraction of low-level commands to high-level goals goes hand-in-hand with increased autonomy. In...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Visual object discovery and understanding

Creator:: Yuan, Jialin
Abstract:: Learning to recognize objects is a fundamental and essential step in human perception and understanding of the world. Accordingly, research of object discovery across diverse modalities plays a pivotal role in the context of computer vision. This field not only contributes significantly to enhancing our understanding of visual information but...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Point-of-care and wearable sensors for non-invasive stress hormone detection with molecularly imprinted techniques

Creator:: Yeasmin, Sanjida
Abstract:: Rapid and sensitive detection of stress hormones, such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), can benefit the diagnosis of diseases related to adrenal gland disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, and more. Stress hormones fluctuate in a circadian rhythm, the highest in the early morning and the lowest at night;...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Learning algorithms for adapting the compliance of robotic limbs

Creator:: Aboufazeli, Mahtab
Abstract:: Motivation: Many robots such as legged robots and prosthetic hands/arms are designed to interact with uncertain and time-varying environments to accomplish their tasks. Observations on humans and animals during their daily tasks suggest that they adapt their leg compliance while traversing with different velocities on different grounds and adjust their...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

New constructions and applications for homomorphic secret sharing and function secret sharing

Creator:: Singh, Jaspal
Abstract:: A secret sharing scheme allows a dealer to distribute a secret with a set of parties, such that only a certain subset of parties can collaborate and learn the shared secret. Traditional secret sharing schemes have been used as building blocks in various subdomains of cryptography. Recently, two new extensions...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Characterizing Server Compromise: Resilience Models, Instantiations, and Impossibilities

Creator:: McQuoid, Ian M.
Abstract:: One of the pervasive problems arising in our modern, digital world surrounds data breaches where an adversary, through zero-day exploitations, phishing, or old-fashioned social engineering attacks, gains access to a service’s data stores. Our society increasingly relies on these cloud-based services for everything from our taxes to personal communication. As...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Plasma-Jet Printing and In Situ Sintering of Electronic Materials for Flexible Hybrid Electronic Applications

Creator:: Manzi, Jacob
Abstract:: Additive manufacturing has become a promising method for the fabrication of inexpensive, green, flexible sensors and electronics. Printed electronics on low- temperature substrates are very appealing for the flexible hybrid electronics market for their use in disposable and biocompatible electronic applications and in areas like packaging, wearables, and consumer electronics....
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Inclusive Software Design and Its Methods for Beyond-WIMP User Interfaces

Creator:: Fallatah, Abrar
Abstract:: While digital inclusivity researchers and software practitioners have been trying to address exclusion biases in Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers (WIMP) user interfaces (UIs) for a long time, little has been done to investigate if and how inclusive software design and its methods that have been devised for WIMP UIs...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Designing Diversity and Inclusion Processes and Tools for Sustainable Open Source

Creator:: Guizani, Mariam
Abstract:: Over time, Open Source Software (OSS) has become indispensable in the creation and upkeep of software products, serving as the fundamental building block for widely used solutions in our daily lives, including applications that enable communication, entertainment, and productivity. A sustainable OSS ecosystem is one that attracts and retains a...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Automatic Explanations of Computation Results with Value Decompositions and Dominating Sets

Creator:: Kumar, Prashant
Abstract:: In an increasingly computation-driven world, algorithms and mathematical models significantly impact decision making across various fields. To foster trust and understanding, it is crucial to provide users with clear and concise explanations of the reasoning behind the results produced by computational tools, especially when recommendations appear counterintuitive. Legal frameworks in...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Characterizing and Addressing Dataset Shift with Deep Learning

Creator:: Olson, Matthew L.
Abstract:: This dissertation delves into understanding, characterizing, and addressing dataset shift in deep learning, a pervasive issue for deployed machine learning systems. Integral aspects of the problem are examined: We start with the use of counterfactual explanations in order to characterize the behavior of deep reinforcement learning agents in visual input...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Communication efficient private set and database operations

Creator:: Garimella, Gayathri Annapurna
Abstract:: Secure Computation is a powerful tool that enables a set of parties to jointly compute any function over their private inputs, without a trusted third party. Private Set Intersection is a specific case of two-party Secure Computation, where Alice (with private set X) and Bob (with private set Y) specifically...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Power system reliability and power quality assessments with grid-connected wave energy converters

Creator:: Boller, Michael D.
Abstract:: Generating abundant, renewable energy from Earth’s oceans is an attractive option for meeting increasing energy demand. Marine renewable energy also comes with the variability of renewable sources, which impact the reliability and power quality of the electrical grid. On a transmission-level, this dissertation looks at ensuring reliability of the power...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Generative Models Meet Explainable AI and Long-Tail Learning: from Attribution Maps to Image Synthesis

Creator:: Khorram, Saeed
Abstract:: The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to transformative developments across multiple sectors, fostering innovation and redefining our interactions with technology. As AI matures and becomes integrated into society, it offers numerous opportunities to address global challenges and revolutionize a wide array of human endeavors. These advances are driven...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Machine learning for computer architecture design and optimization

Creator:: Penney, Drew
Abstract:: Machine learning applied to computer architecture has rapidly transitioned from a theoretical novelty to being a driving force behind design, control, and simulation in practically all components. These machine-learning-based methodologies are further notable for their scalability to increasingly complex design challenges, which has allowed these methodologies to surpass the prior...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Secrecy of massive MIMO systems under antenna failure

Creator:: Assiri, Mohammad
Abstract:: As the fifth generation of mobile communication systems (5G) is being deployed, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) serves as one of its enabling technologies where reliable and ultra low latency communications are achieved while being power and spectrum efficient. This thesis studies the security aspect of massive MIMO system from the...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Environment-adaptive RF Sensing with Transferable ANN Features

Creator:: Wang, Guangxin
Abstract:: Radio frequency (RF) sensing arises as a promising option for enabling the internet of things (IoT) applications that transform our life into a world of smart homes, smart cities, and smart industries. The innovation of IoT reveals the benefits of RF sensing across cost, pervasiveness, unobtrusiveness, and privacy. However, challenges...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Advancing Power Grid Computing: Analysis and Synthesis of Wide-Area Data, Distributed Real-Time Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulations, and Machine Learning for Event Detection

Creator:: Hagan, Travis
Abstract:: Global Positioning Systems have allowed for precise timing of power system measurements over wide areas. This newly found capability has the potential to provide much greater insight into the operation of the power system and its response to contingencies, but few analytical techniques currently exist that provide enough robustness and...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Efficient Comparative Sequence Analysis Algorithms for RNA Conserved Structure and Region Detection

Creator:: Li, Sizhen
Abstract:: RNAs play important roles in multiple cellular processes, and many of their functions rely on folding to specific structures. To maintain their functions, secondary structures of RNA homologs are conserved across evolution. These conserved structures provide critical targets for diagnostics and therapeutics. Thus, there is a need for developing fast...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

High-performance Ring Amplifier based Analog-to-Digital Converters

Creator:: Hu, Hang
Abstract:: Ring Amplifier serves as a great candidate both for precision amplification and fast integration in the discrete time system. It can be utilized in high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In high-speed ADC utilizing pipelined architectures with residue amplification, Successive-Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs as the sub-ADC and power efficient Ring Amplifier based...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Towards Direct Simultaneous Speech Translation

Creator:: Chen, Junkun
Abstract:: Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is widely useful in many cross-lingual communication scenarios, including multinational conferences and international traveling. Since text-based simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) has achieved great success in recent years. The conventional cascaded approach for SimulST uses a pipeline of streaming ASR followed by simultaneous MT but suffers from...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Communication-Efficient Secure Two-Party Computation From Minicrypt and OT

Creator:: Roy, Lawrence
Abstract:: Secure two-party computation (2PC) is the task of performing arbitrary calculations on secret inputs provided by two parties, while maintaining secrecy if at least one party is honest. 2PC has been applied to privacy-preserving record linkage and machine learning, in areas such as medicine where maintaining privacy is crucial. One...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Investigating Latent State and Uncertainty Representations in Reinforcement Learning

Creator:: Koul, Anurag
Abstract:: Learning latent space representations of high-dimensional world states has been at the core of recent rapid growth in reinforcement learning(RL). At the same time, RL algo- rithms have suffered from ignored uncertainties in the predicted estimates of model-free or model-based methods. In our work, we investigate both of these aspects...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Convergence Analysis Framework for Fixed-Point Algorithms in Machine Learning and Signal Processing

Creator:: Vu, Trung
Abstract:: Iterative algorithms are simple yet efficient in solving large-scale optimization problems in practice. With a surge in the amount of data in past decades, these methods have become increasingly important in many application areas including matrix/tensor recovery, deep learning, data mining, and reinforcement learning. To optimize or improve iterative algorithms,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Empowering End Users to Mitigate Privacy and Security Risks in Smart-Home Trigger-Action Apps

Creator:: Saeidi, Mahsa
Abstract:: Many home users nowadays use various smart devices to improve the efficiency and convenience of their home environments. Trigger-action platforms such as “If-This-Then-That” (IFTTT) enable end users to connect different smart devices and services using simple apps to control these devices and automate the tasks (e.g., if the camera detects...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Elucidating Computational Narratives to Facilitate Code Comprehension

Creator:: Chattopadhyay, Souti
Abstract:: Programming is integrated across the workflow of multiple domains where end-user programmers, those who need to program as a means to an end, regularly need to code. In the modern setting of collaborative development, end-user programmers have to interpret the intentions behind existing code to contribute and build solutions to...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Divergence Reduction and Dependency Management in GPU Programs using Asynchronous Work Scheduling

Creator:: Cuneo, Braxton
Abstract:: With continuing improvements in performance and capability, GPU processing has gained significant and growing interest across science and industry. With this interest, research has increasingly focused upon methods of processing algorithms with stochastic, non-uniform branching while maintaining low divergence. Central among these methods is thread-data remapping (TDR), whereby data is...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Stake-Free Evaluations of Black-Box Optimization and Spatio-Temporal Graph Network Algorithms

Creator:: Merrill, Erich, III
Abstract:: Papers proposing novel machine learning algorithms tend to present the algorithm or technique in question in the best possible light. The standard practice is generally for authors to emphasize their proposed algorithms' performance in the precise setting where it is maximally impressive, often by only fully evaluating their best known...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Explaining and Improving Neural Machine Translation

Creator:: Yang, Yilin
Abstract:: Machine Translation, the task of automatically translating between human languages has been studied for decades. This task is used to be solved by count-based statistical models, e.g. Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation (PBSMT), which solves the translation problem by separately training a statistical language model and a translation model. Recently, Neural...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Deep Learning for Human and Biological Languages

Creator:: Hong, Junki
Abstract:: We explore the application of deep learning to the disparate fields of natural language processing and computational biology. Both the sentences uttered by humans as well as the RNA and protein sequences found within the cells of their bodies can be considered formal languages in computer science, as sets of...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

On Avoiding Power-Seeking by Artificial Intelligence

Creator:: Turner, Alexander M.
Abstract:: We do not know how to align a very intelligent AI agent's behavior with human interests. I investigate whether—absent a full solution to this AI alignment problem—we can build smart {\ai} agents which have limited impact on the world, and which do not autonomously seek power. In this thesis, I...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Deep Convolutional Network on Point Clouds for 3D Scene Understanding

Creator:: Wu, Wenxuan
Abstract:: As one of the most popular data types, the point cloud is widely used in various appli- cations, including computer vision, computer graphics and robotics. The capability to directly measure 3D point clouds is invaluable in those applications as depth information could remove a lot of the segmentation ambiguities in...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

A Framework for Evaluating the Comprehensiveness of Continuous Improvement in Academic Computing Programs. A 360-Degree View of the Continuous Improvement Efforts in a Large School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Creator:: Azzouni, Abdullah
Abstract:: Continuous Improvement (CI) of academic computing programs is a main requirement of accreditation. Academic computing programs must have a well-documented CI plan in order to be granted accreditation. Based on the existing literature, we developed a comprehensive CI (or 360-CI) model consisting of 8 components: course, curriculum, administration, faculty, research,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Explanations and Processes to Enable Humans to Assess AI with Respect to Manipulable Properties

Creator:: Dodge, Jonathan E.
Abstract:: Assessing AI systems is difficult. Humans rely on AI systems in increasing ways, both visible and invisible, meaning a variety of stakeholders need a variety of assessment tools (e.g., a professional auditor, a developer, and an end user all have different needs). We posit that it is possible to provide...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Bayesian Reinforcement Learning Based Control For Ocean Wave Energy Conversion

Creator:: Ghorban Zadeh, Leila
Abstract:: This work – in which three peer-reviewed academic papers are presented – addresses the ap-plication of Bayesian Reinforcement Learning to the control of a class of ocean wave energy conversion systems. The first paper presents a comparison of a Reinforcement-Learning (RL) based wave energy converter controller against standard Reactive Damping...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Sizing and Performance of the Pendulum Power Take-Off Wave Energy Converter: Modularity and Chaotic Behavior

Creator:: Dizon, Chris
Abstract:: Multiple wave energy converter (WEC) archetypes exist with varying power take-off (PTO) designs in the attempt to maximize ocean energy harnessed and converted into useful energy. The pendulum PTO is popular for its simple, yet robust functionality due to its internally located components and simple operation. Additionally, this PTO does...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Exploratory Study to Uncover Student Mental Models of Singly Linked Lists in the C Programming Language

Creator:: Almadhoun, Eman
Abstract:: In computer science, learning abstract fundamental programming concepts requiring students to understand memory management can be very difficult and lead to misunderstandings that carry on into advanced topics. This is especially true in data structures with abstract data types. Understanding how novice students think and reason about data structures is...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Autonomous Sensor Systems For Wind Turbine Blade Collision Detection

Creator:: Clocker, Kyle
Abstract:: Wind turbines serve an increasing proportion of total energy generation, with expanded onshore and offshore installations proceeding worldwide. Continued construction, expansion, and operation of wind energy installations must be managed in conjunction with effects on local and migratory wildlife, specifically bird and bat species that may be affected by wind...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Electronic Stability of Metal Halide Perovskites

Creator:: Hong, Min Ji
Abstract:: Despite near unanimous opinion on the consequences of climate change by scientific community, the rate at which carbon is emitted into the atmosphere continues to increase. The need for a clean and sustainable source of energy is therefore one of humankind's most urgent challenges. Solar energy is the most abundant...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

CMOS Transducers and Programmable Interface Circuits for Resource-Efficient Sensing Applications

Creator:: Sengupta, Shaan
Abstract:: Modern sensors are complex systems comprising multiple sub-systems such as transducers, analog and mixed-signal interface circuits, digital processing circuits, and packaging. Over the last few decades, innovations in these sub-systems combined with their increased integration in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes have led to the rapid growth in sensors for...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Secure Data Analytics under Data Integrity Attacks

Creator:: De Silva, Shashini A.
Abstract:: There has been tremendous growth in using data analytic and machine learning algorithms to make critical decisions, such as in the national power grid, healthcare operations, and autonomous vehicles. Employing data analytic for decision-making allows cyber attackers to manipulate the decisions of these algorithms through data falsification. Hence, the trustworthiness...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Source-Routed Multicast Schemes for Large-Scale Cloud Data Center Networks

Creator:: Alqahtani, Jarallah Ali m
Abstract:: Data centers (DCs) have been witnessing unprecedented growth in size, number and complexity in recent years. They consist of tens of thousands of servers interconnected by fast network switches, hosting and enabling numerous applications with various traffic characteristics and requirements. As a result, DC networks have been presented with several...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Switch-capacitor Power Amplifier with Enhanced Power Back-off Efficiency and Linearity

Creator:: Qiao, Bo
Abstract:: Nowadays, wireless communication systems use high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) together with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to increase the link capacity and robustness. These signals always have large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and require power amplifiers (PAs) achieve both high efficiency and linearity simultaneously. For the efficiency, the complementary metal...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Plasmonic color filter array, high performance analog to digital converter architectures and novel circuit techniques

Creator:: Shakya, Jyotindra R.
Abstract:: Part I: Plasmonic color filters can be manufactured at lower cost since they can be fabricated in single lithographic process step as compared to Fabry-Perot based filters. In addition, they have narrow passband making resolving sharp features in sample spectrum possible. Due to these benefits, in this thesis, Plasmonic color...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Atomic Layer Processing for Next-Generation Microelectronic Materials

Creator:: Holden, Konner E. K.
Abstract:: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an enabling technique for many new micro- and nanoscale technologies. The self-limiting surface chemical reactions by which ALD fundamentally operates give rise to uniquely high precision (atomic) control over deposited film thickness, uniformity over large areas, and conformality over complex and extreme topographies. One such...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Uncertainty in Deep Learning with Implicit Neural Networks

Creator:: Ratzlaff, Neale
Abstract:: The ability to extract uncertainties from predictions is crucial for the adoption of deep learning systems to safety-critical applications. Uncertainty estimates can be used as a failure signal, which is necessary for automating complex tasks where safety is a concern. Furthermore, current deep learning systems do not provide uncertainty estimates,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Learning and Improving Policies for Probabilistic Planning Problems

Creator:: Issakkimuthu, Murugeswari
Abstract:: In this work, we study the problem of learning and improving policies for probabilistic planning problems. In the first part, we train neural network policies for probabilistic planning problems modeled as factored Markov decision problems. The objective is to train problem-specific neural networks via supervised learning to imitate the action...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Analytical Methods for Improving Causal Inference

Creator:: Sinha, Meghamala
Abstract:: Causal inference is an important analytical tool to bridge the gap between prediction and decision-making. However, learning a causal network solely from data is a challenging task. In this work, various techniques have been explored for a better and improved causal network learning from data. Firstly, the problem of learning...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Application of Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Systems

Creator:: Haider, Ali S.
Abstract:: This work addresses the application of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) to a class of ocean wave energy conversion systems in which the cost functional is not in a standard quadratic form, and the WEC model includes the nonlinear effects, such as the hydrodynamic viscous drag. The NMPC implementation is...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Machine Learning for Precision Medicine: Application to Cancer Chemotherapy Response Prediction and Wound Healing Status Assessment

Creator:: Wei, Qi
Abstract:: Ph.D. candidate Qi Wei's thesis consists of two projects: Chemotherapy Project: a study based on the research paper "Predicting chemotherapy response of various cancer types using a variational auto-encoder approach" submitted to the bioRxiv preprint archive and accepted by the BMC bioinformatics; and Wound Monitor Project: implementing and assessing analytics...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Efficient Algorithms for Robust Spatiotemporal Data Analysis

Creator:: Moore, Travis W.
Abstract:: Many large-scale data analysis applications involve data that can vary over both time and space. Often the primary goal of analyzing spatiotemporal data is identifying trends, movements, and sudden changes with respect to time, location, or both. This can include a variety of applications in economics (housing prices, unemployment, job...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Algorithmic Problems on Simplicial Complexes

Creator:: Maxwell, William
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Linear-time Algorithms for RNA Folding: Partition Function, Stochastic Sampling and RNA-RNA Interaction

Creator:: Zhang, He
Abstract:: RNAs play important roles in the central dogma of molecular biology, and are involved in multiple biology processes such as chromatin modification, transcriptional interference and translation initiation. The functions of RNAs, especially non-coding RNAs, are highly related to its secondary structures, therefore computational methods for RNA structure prediction are of...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Towards Automating Type Changes

Creator:: Ketkar, Ameya S.
Abstract:: Developers frequently change the type of a program element and update all its references for performance, security, concurrency, library migration, or better maintainability. Despite type changes being a common program transformation, it is the least automated and the least studied. Manually performing type changes is tedious since the programmers have...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

New Techniques for Multi-Channel Biosignal Acquisition and Low-Power, Low-Resistance-Measurement Systems

Creator:: Kim, Jinyong
Abstract:: Dense electrical recording of biosignals has been developed to provide spatial resolution and precise temporal information for health monitoring, diagnostics, and clinical research. However, more electrodes require more wires, and wiring density quickly becomes a limiting factor. To break this bottleneck, we proposed a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) based architecture for...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Information-theoretic Approach to Design and Evaluate Privacy-preserving and Fair Frameworks for Continuous High-dimensional Data

Creator:: Alsulaimawi, Zahir Ahmed Hussein
Abstract:: Deep learning is becoming the latest trend in sensitive applications, such as healthcare, criminal justice, and finance. As these new applications emerge, adversaries are circumventing them. Further, there have been concerns about the possibility of bias and discrimination in predictive applications. In order to address these issues, we propose an...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors based on functionalized nanomaterials

Creator:: Wu, Bo
Abstract:: Unlike other biosensing, electrochemical biosensor has the advantages of robustness, easy miniaturization, excellent detection limits, and capability in handling small analyte volumes. The detection selectivity of the electrochemical biosensors is mainly supported by bioreceptors. However, these receptors always suffer from the performance variation caused by the environment and the thermal-...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Machine Learning Techniques to Model Species Interactions and Distributions Under Imperfect Detection

Creator:: Seo, Eugene
Abstract:: Ecological domains seeking to understand the environment and the behavior of species have received little attention in machine learning (ML), despite the fact that environmental changes have a significant impact on humans as well as ecosystems. Some ecological problems can be formulated similarly to other common ML applications, but there...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Theory and Implementation of a Variational Database Management System

Creator:: Ataei, Parisa S.
Abstract:: In this thesis, I present the variational database management system, a formal framework and its implementation for representing variation in relational databases and managing variational information needs. A variational database is intended to support any kind of variation in a database. Specific kinds of variation in databases have already been...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Switched Capacitor Circuit Techniques for High Performance CMOS Analog Circuits

Creator:: Kareppagoudr, Manjunath
Abstract:: Switched capacitor (SC) circuits are the main building blocks in many structures such as filters, data converters, sampling circuits and sampled-data amplifiers. The key challenge is to design such circuits which are the prime components of any IoT system with low power consumption without compromising on the performance. In this...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Fully-integrated mm-Wave Full-duplexing and MIMO Multi-beamforming Receiver Techniques for 5G and Beyond

Creator:: Garg, Robin
Abstract:: In recent years, the research community's interest in fully integrated mm-Wave wireless communication systems has increased significantly. With the standards for 5G NR now in place, the focus has shifted to actual deployment. Mm-Wave systems provide wider bandwidths, higher capacity, and lower latency than existing systems such as 4G. Higher...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Variational Satisfiability Solving

Creator:: Young, Jeffrey M.
Abstract:: Over the last two decades, satisfiability and satisfiability-modulo theory (SAT/SMT) solvers have grown powerful enough to be general purpose reasoning engines throughout software engineering and computer science. However, most practical use cases of SAT/SMT solvers require not just solving a single SAT/SMT problem, but solving sets of related SAT/SMT problems....
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Visualization of N-ary Relationships

Creator:: Qu, Botong
Abstract:: N-ary relationships, which relate N entities where N is not necessarily two, are omnipresent in real life. In this thesis, we develop a visualization technique for N-ary relationships. First, we propose a visual metaphor that utilizes vertices and polygons to represent entities and N-ary relationships. Based on this visual metaphor,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Part-based and Uncertainty-Aware Few-shot Object Segmentation in Images

Creator:: Nguyen, Khoi D.
Abstract:: This dissertation addresses few-shot object segmentation in images. The goal of segmentation is to label every image pixel with a class of the object occupying that pixel, where the class may represent a semantic object category or instance. In few-shot segmentation, training and test datasets have different classes. Every new...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Deletions and Insertions of the Symbol 0 and Asymmetric/Unidirectional Error Control Codes for the L₁ Metric

Creator:: Alqwaifly, Nawaf
Abstract:: This work gives some theory and efficient design of binary block codes capable of controlling the deletions of the symbol “0” (referred to as 0-deletions) and/or the insertions of the symbol “0” (referred to as 0-insertions). This problem of controlling 0-deletions and/or 0-insertions (referred to as symmetric 0-errors) is shown...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Multiple Instance Multiple Label Learning with Limited Supervision

Creator:: Nguyen, Tam
Abstract:: In weak supervision learning, label information can be provided at different levels of granularity. For example, in multi-instance multi-label learning, samples are organized into bags and labels for each class are provided at the bag level. For small datasets, this approach offers means of reducing the labeling efforts. However, in...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Towards Pactive (Passive + Active) Sensing for Security Applications

Creator:: Menon, Arya
Abstract:: Increasing threats of terrorism and contraband smuggling have led to a growing interest in millimeter wave/ THz security sensors. Recently, systems combining active and passive sensing into one unit have been proposed where the active mode provides information on range and reflectivity, and the passive mode complements the active by...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Global Hierarchical Control of a Park of Spar Buoy-type Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters

Creator:: Gaebele, Daniel T.
Abstract:: Converting energy from ocean waves is a challenging area for control theory application because of the nonlinear dynamics in various time scales. Generally, wave energy converter (WEC) control is applied in order to maximize power absorption, in the most common wave conditions, and subject to the devices’ physical constraints. Commonly,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Predicting and Improving Throughput, Responsiveness and Battery Life of Computer Systems by Machine Learning

Creator:: Li, Yunfan
Abstract:: The Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly explored in varies of fields including designing and optimizing computer systems. Recent research, such as optimizing memory/cache prefetching by ML training or predicting traffic pattern in throughput processors, also exhibits a promising future of introducing ML into computer system design and optimization. Throughput...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Single-Ended Techniques for Delta-Sigma Modulators

Creator:: Lee, Calvin Y.
Abstract:: This work presents a high-resolution Delta-Sigma ADC which combines the use of the pseudo-pseudo-differential noise filtering technique with single-ended ring amplifier based integrators. The pseudo-pseudo-differential noise filtering technique utilizes single-ended circuits while maintaining the even-order rejection found in fully-differential structures which alleviates, in the active analog blocks, the need for...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Sensor Interface Circuit Design towards CMOS Scaling

Creator:: Liu, Jialin
Abstract:: Sensor system plays an important role in connecting everything including human body to the electrical information systems that we have built and that we are going to build, to make the world more intelligent and efficient. One of the key propulsive forces behind these emerging techniques is CMOS scaling that...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Knowledge Base Completion Leveraging Natural Language Data

Creator:: Shahbazi, Hamed
Abstract:: Information about named entities (real-world objects) is usually harvested from different sources and organized as a multiple relational directed graph in Knowledge Bases (KBs). KBs play essential roles in many NLP modules including question answering, fact-checking, search engines, etc. KBs are big but still incomplete: relational information among entities is...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Meeting End-to-End Deadlines in Real-Time Networks Using Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Creator:: Almahdi, Rafid M.
Abstract:: Network flows in Real-Time (RT) systems need to meet stringent end-to-end deadlines in order for such systems to operate safely and reliably. Today, such systems use custom or domain specific network system designs to meet end-to-end deadlines and other constraints of real-time flows. In this work we explore the design...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Two Sides of a Coin: Adversarial-Based Image Privacy and Defending Against Adversarial Perturbations for Robust CNNs

Creator:: Rajabi, Arezoo
Abstract:: Emergence of highly accurate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the capability to process large datasets, has led to their popularity in many applications, including safety/security-sensitive (e.g. disease recognition, self-driving cars). Despite the high accuracy of convolutional neural networks, they have been found to be susceptible to adversarial noise added to...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Ideal Thumbnail-Preserving Encryption for Balancing Image Privacy and Usability

Creator:: Tajik, Kimia
Abstract:: In this dissertation, we propose Ideal Thumbnail-Preserving Encryption (Ideal TPE), as a special case of format-preserving encryption, to balance image privacy and usability concerns in a cloud environment. We first introduce a concrete construction for Ideal TPE, that provably leaks nothing about the plaintext (unencrypted) image beyond its thumbnail. We...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Information theoretic approach to quantization and classification for signal processing, communications, and machine learning applications

Creator:: Thuan Nguyen D.
Abstract:: There are five main contributions of this dissertation. The first contribution is new closed-form expressions for channel capacity of a new class of channel matrices. The second contribution is the discovery of the structure for optimal binary quantizer and the associated methods for finding an optimal quantizer that maximizes mutual...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Computational Elucidation of the Regulatory SNPs in the Non-Coding Regions of the Human Genome

Creator:: Yao, Yao
Abstract:: We describe a series of novel computational models, CERENKOV (Computational Elucidation of the REgulatory NonKOding Variome) and its successors CERENKOV2, CERENKOV3, and Convolutional CERENKOV3, for discriminating regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) from non-regulatory SNPs within non-coding genetic loci. The CERENKOV models are designed for recognizing rSNPs in the context of...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Leveraging Structures of the Data in Deep Learning

Creator:: Li, Xingyi
Abstract:: The performance of deep learning frameworks could be significantly improved through considering the particular underlying structures for each dataset. In this thesis, I summarize our three work about boosting the performance of deep learning models through leveraging structures of the data. In the first work, we theoretically justify that, for...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

RF and Millimeter-wave Techniques to Improve Scalability and Efficiency of Digital Beamforming Arrays

Creator:: Johnson, Manoj
Abstract:: Spectrum overcrowding, ever increasing demand for high data rate and increased mobility requirements are three major challenges 5G-technology is trying to address. In this thesis I start with a RF front-end technique that deals with blocker interference arising from spectrum overcrowding both across frequency bands and within the same frequency...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Action Segmentation with Limited Supervision

Creator:: Li, Jun
Abstract:: In this dissertation, we address action segmentation in videos under limited supervision. The goal of action segmentation is to predict an action class for each frame of a video. The limited supervision means ground truth labels of video frames are not available in training. We focus on three types of...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Imepdance Sensing Techniques for Integrated Circuits Sensor Applications

Creator:: Shen, Boyu
Abstract:: Impedance measurements are increasingly demanded in modern CMOS sensing systems as impedance is the most common electrical signal obtained from sensors, delivering physical, chemical and biomedical quantity changes. Impedance sensing for wide interested frequency, broad dynamic range, and various sensor interfaces has numerous challenges, especially targeted in CMOS miniaturization with...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Architecture Optimizations for Memory Systems of Throughput Processors

Creator:: Gu, Yongbin
Abstract:: Throughput-oriented processors, such as graphics processing units (GPUs), have been increasingly used to accelerate general purpose computing, including machine learning models that are being utilized in numerous disciplines. Thousands of concurrently running threads in a GPU demand a highly efficient memory subsystem for data supply in GPUs. In this dissertation,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

A 90.5dB DR 1MHz BW Hybrid Two Step ADC with CT Incremental and SAR ADCs

Creator:: Wang, Yanchao
Abstract:: The sensors in real time data processing IoT devices require high resolution and sub-MHz data converters, usually implemented as Incremental ADCs due to the advantages of oversampling technique and low latency. In discrete time incremental (IDT) ADCs, the sampling switch non-linearity, charge injection degrade the resolution, and power hungry OPAMPs...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

A Wireless Energy Harvester for Powering Event-driven Internet-of-things Applications and Battery Charging

Creator:: Sadagopan, Kamala Raghavan
Abstract:: The need for sustainably powering unobtrusive internet-of-things applications has led to an interest in energy harvesting. Particularly, the proliferation of wireless communication and devices in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientificc Medical (ISM) band creates an opportunity to leverage commonly used devices for RF powering. This dissertation presents a low-quiescent-power...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Investigating the Effects of Design Quality in OSS Projects

Creator:: Mannan, Umme Ayda
Abstract:: Software systems are becoming an essential part of the lives of both individuals and organizations, and as a consequence, these systems are getting bigger and more complex. Because of this, the tasks of maintaining the quality in these complex software systems are becoming increasingly difficult. Furthermore, these systems are subject...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Ultra-energy-efficient Silicon Photonic Modulators Driven by Transparent Conductive Oxides

Creator:: Li, Erwen
Abstract:: Silicon photonics has become the most promising platform for future large-scale optical interconnect and optical computing systems due to its inherent CMOS compatibility, which brings exclusive advantages in bandwidth density, energy efficiency, and cost effectiveness. Parallel optical interconnects based on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have the capacity to meet the...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

An Investigation of the Effects of Merge Conflicts on Collaborative Software Development

Creator:: Brindescu, Caius
Abstract:: Merge conflicts have long plagued software development. With larger and more dispersed teams comes greater risk of developers working on the same code at the same time. While merge conflicts are known to be painful, their exact impact on software is still largely unknown. Are merge conflicts an isolated problem,...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Identifiability-Aware Joint Sparse Error Correction For Robust State Estimation

Creator:: Kibria, Sharmin
Abstract:: We study joint nonlinear state estimation with multi-period measurement vectors that are potentially corrupted by sparse gross errors. The identifiability-aware approach is proposed to leverage common characteristics of fundamentally identifiable gross errors to enhance error correction performance. First, we derive a necessary rank condition that the sparsity pattern of any...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Design of Energy-Efficient Equalization and Data Encoding/Decoding Techniques for Wireline Communication Systems

Creator:: Chun, Yu Sang
Abstract:: Ever increasing global internet data traﬃc has driven up the demand for cutting-edge high-speed wireline communication systems including SerDes PHY for various interfaces, interconnects, data centers servers and switches in optical systems. Operating wireline communications at higher data rates leads to signals suﬀering from greater channel loss and exponential increase...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Design of Compact Passive Components and Circuits for RF and Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuit in Silicon

Creator:: Dong, Xuanyi
Abstract:: Emerging fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G communication networks are stimulating the design of radio-frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) integrated circuits for wireless transceivers systems. While co-integration of active circuits and diverse passive components becomes feasible at these high operating frequencies, circuit design is faced with significant challenges due to...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

A Generation Prioritization Method for Power System Restoration with Renewable Resources

Creator:: Mate, Adam
Abstract:: The electrical grid is a key component of the Nation's critical infrastructure. Its continuous and reliable operation is of vital importance; any system-wide disruption would have a debilitating impact on crucial services, public health and safety, the economy, and the national security of the United States. High-impact low-frequency events pose...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Channel Estimation, Modulation Techniques and Decoding Algorithms for Hybrid WiFi-FSO (WiFO) WLAN of Femtocells

Creator:: Chu, Yu-Jung
Abstract:: Due to the limitation of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, it is increasingly more difficult to support billions of wireless devices in the age of Internet-of-Things. Consequently, many recent wireless indoor communication systems have been developed using free space optical (FSO) communication technologies that exploit the extremely large light spectrum...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Advances in Simultaneous Translation

Creator:: Zheng, Renjie
Abstract:: Simultaneous translation, which translates concurrently with the source language speech, is widely used in many scenarios including multilateral organizations. However, it is well known to be one of the most challenging tasks for humans due to the simultaneous perception and production in two languages. On the other hand, simultaneous translation...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Anomaly Detection and Probabilistic Diagnosis for Automated Data Quality Control

Creator:: Zemicheal, Tadesse H.
Abstract:: Advances in sensor technology are greatly expanding the range of quantities that can be measured while simultaneously reducing the cost. However, deployed sensors drift out of calibration and fail, so every sensor network requires quality control procedures to promptly detect these failures. To address these problems, we propose a two-level...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

Advanced time-varying approaches for modeling the multipath channel in wireless network

Creator:: Aljerme, Abdelkader A.
Abstract:: This dissertation proposes the use of advanced time-varying approaches for modeling the dynamics of the multipath channel in wireless communication networks. These advanced time-varying approaches include linear Kalman innovation models in observable block companion form, and neural network-based models. The e˙ectiveness of these type of models is evaluated through three...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

A Novel CCRW Receiver with Variable Width Window for Mitigating Multipath and Ambiguity in GNSS Positioning

Creator:: Alhussein, Fahad
Abstract:: This work presents a novel CCRW receiver that utilizes a window of variable width, for e˙ectively mitigating multipath and ambiguity in both civil and military positioning applica-tions using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This CCRW receiver incorporates a single stroboscopic window, whose width is iteratively reduced until the e˙ect of...
Resource Type:: Dissertation

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