California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied on Hart Mountain, Oregon, during the summer and fall of 1976, and the spring of 1977. The population consisted of a minimum of 196 sheep in June, 1977. The high number of lambs observed and high lamb:ewe ratios throughout both years of...
The reproductive characteristics of the mountain cottontail
rabbit, Sylvilagus nuttalli (Bachman), were investigated from 269
specimens collected in central Oregon between 28 May 1968 and
28 August 1969.
Male rabbits were in breeding condition between mid-February
and 3 July 1969. Nearly 77% of the females bore four litters between
7...
The experiment was conducted at the Soap Creek farm ponds
near Corvallis, Oregon. Oregon Moist Pellet and Purina Trout
Chow at three different rates of feeding for each diet were used
to feed fingerling channel catfish stocked at the rate of 1,000 per
acre. A complete random design and Fisher's...
Descriptions and distributions are given of 28 species of
Liparidae occurring or possibly occurring below 200 m between San
Francisco and northern Vancouver Island, with keys for their identifications.
Nine genera are included: Careproctus, Elassodiscus,
Lipariscus, Nectoliparis, Rhinoliparis, Acantholiparis, Paraliparis,
and two new genera are described, Odontoliparis and Osteodiscus.
Eight...
Blackside dace, Rhinichthys osculus nubilus (GIRARD), were
collected from ten western Oregon streams and examined for variation
among morphological and meristic characters. Several characters were
observed to vary between populations studied. Number of vertebrae,
number of scales in and above the lateral line, length of snout, and
depth of body...
Plumage development and growth were studied in young whooping
cranes (Grus americana) from hatching until 450 days of age. The
downy stage of the young cranes lasted about six weeks; the development
of the juvenal plumage took until 100 days of age, and the molt
to the adult or all...
The effects of a sublethal concentration of dieldrin (0. 2 ppb)
in the water on the growth and body composition of underyearling rainbow
and cutthroat trout held in aquaria and fed different rations of tubificid
worms or Oregon moist pellets were studied at Oak Creek Fisheries
Research Laboratory, Oregon State...
The effects of three levels of dissolved oxygen (8, 5 and 3 mg/l)
upon the feeding, growth and bioenergetics of juvenile coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were determined in laboratory
studies. Experiments with individual fish were conducted during the
summer, fall and spring to measure rates of food consumption,
standard...
The production of crop-milk in band-tailed pigeons was investigated
to estimate losses of squabs that occur from hunting
pigeons during September.¹ Living birds held captive were examined
with a cystos cope and pigeons killed by hunters were examined in the
field to determine changes in gross appearance of crops and...
Biliary excretion has been of considerable interest in mammals
but has not been extensively studied in fish. To understand the
significance of biliary excretion in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri),
two studies were conducted.
The objective of the initial study was to evaluate the ability of
rainbow trout to excrete a...
Despite relatively mild weather, black bears (Ursus americanus)
in southwestern Washington entered dens and remained for an average
of 126 days. Bears entered their dens during a 5-week period which
began on 21 October. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found
among the average dates of den entrance of...
The effects of discharged sewage on physico-chemical conditions
and the distribution and abundance of marine benthic animals were
studied in Shilshole Bay, a part of Puget Sound, off Seattle,
Washington. For over 50 years prior to 1965, when this study was
initiated, 87,300 pounds (32,400 pounds BOD) per day of...
A group of trout that reside in streams of the desiccating lake
basins of southeastern Oregon differ markedly from other known
Salmo. Known commonly as the red-band trout, this fish was subjected
to chromosome analysis for comparison with other species of
western North American Salmo. The karyotype of the red-banded...
Neuromuscular physiology has been extensively investigated
in several groups of vertebrates excluding fish. To
understand the nature of neuromuscular transmission in this
group, the response of the pectoral fin abductor muscle of
black bass (Micropterus salmoides) to nerve stimulation
under the influence of an anticho1inesterase agent was
studied. Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP),...
A method for predicting the harvest of commercial Dungeness
crab (Cancer magister) one year in advance of the fishing season is
described. The technique is based on the hypothesis that the relative
abundance of sub-legal crabs one year is directly proportional to the
harvest of legal crabs the following year....
Methods and utility of age determination of yellowtail rockfish
(Sebastes flavidus), canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger), and black
rockfish (Sebastes melanops) collected off Oregon during 1972 to
1975 are discussed. Structures compared on the basis of the reproducibility
of counts of annuli (consistency of readings) were the anal fin
pterygiophore, opercle,...
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of three transferrin
genotypes (AA, AC and CC) were experimentally infected with the
causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) and mortalities
observed. Six experimental and control groups were used:
(1) bacteria-infected + no Fe⁺³ ; (2) bacteria-infected + low Fe⁺³
levels; (3) bacteria-infected +...
Three products derived from shrimp processing waste (Pandalus
jordani) and a protein concentrate extracted from king crab waste
(Paralithodes camschatica) were evaluated as feed supplements for
standard dark and sapphire pelter mink (Mustela vison) replacing
approximately 10 and/or 20 percent of the protein in a standard wet
diet (33 percent...
Temporal changes in gene frequencies and genotype frequencies,
monthly densities, survival rates, growth rates, trap susceptibility
and home ranges were evaluated from 291 Nuttall's cottontails
(Sylvilagus nuttallii) captured 950 times by livetrapping and 53 cottontails
collected by shooting. Electrophoretic analyses of sera revealed
protein polymorphism at the transferrin locus in...
Effects of inbreeding coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on
survival during early life history, growth, feed efficiency, and
resistance to gas bubble disease were studied. No effect of inbreeding
could be associated with either F=0.25 or F=0.125. Tetraploidy
may help explain the absence of inbreeding depression at these
levels.
I investigated changes in plasma cortisol concentration over time in juvenile salmonids subjected to various stressors that might be encountered in their normal life cycle. This work was directed at finding a general indicator for stress in fish that could be used be used to aid fisheries research and management....
A trawling survey was conducted on Nyanza Gulf, Lake
Victoria, East Africa during March-December 1975 to investigate
association and distribution of the major fish species
and to provide information for management of the fishery.
A total of 139 sites was sampled and all fishes caught were
counted, measured, and weighed....
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout
(Salmo gairdneri) of different stocks and three transferrin genotypes
(AA, AC, and CC), all reared in identical or similar environments, were
experimentally infected with the causative agent of bacterial kidney
disease (BKD) or Vibrio anguillarum. Mortality due to the pathogens
was compared...
This research provides information on the distribution of an
unexploited Roosevelt elk population in unaltered habitat in Olympic
National Park. Radio-telemetry was used to document home range and
habitat use by 11 adult cow elk in the Hoh Valley during March 1978,
from 10 June-15 September 1978, and from 1...
The distribution and trophic ecology of neritic reef fishes was
studied to provide biological information useful in conserving these
stocks. Houk and line fishing was conducted from July 1976 to July
1977 on neritic reefs within 5 km of the Oregon coast adjacent to
Depoe Bay. Sampling was designed to...
The effects of prescribed burning on the abundance, species
composition, and reproduction of small mammals were studied over a
one year period. Two burn areas were studied, one in sagebrush/
bunchgrass and one in cheatgrass. The short-term effects were
studied using monthly mark-recapture trapping on two treatment and
two control...
A population of Columbian white-tailed deer (CWTD) was studied on a
refuge (790 ha) in southwestern Washington during 1972-77. Quality of
habitat was considered good for these deer and total population size remained
between 164-230 as determined by mark-recapture methods during
November. Population size declined significantly between the winters of...
The results of research designed to develop a synthesized diet
as a substitute or supplement to algae for culturing the Miyagi strain
of juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) are
reported. The growth of juvenile Pacific oysters fed equal amounts
(based on ash free dry weights [AFDW]) of algae (Pseudoisochrysis...
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife trout broodstocks from Alsea, Cole Rivers, Klamath, Leaburg, Oak Springs, Roaring River and Willamette Fish Hatcheries were examined for the presence of myxosporidans. Wild fish collected from waters above these hatcheries were also examined. Seven species of myxosporidans were observed in the hatchery broodfish:...
Two hundred thirteen mammals were captured on two study areas
between April 1976 and August 1977. Samples of urine and kidney tissue
from 202 mammals were cultured on media suitable for leptospiral growth.
Leptospiral organisms were not isolated from tissue cultures. Sera
from 88 mammals were examined by the microscopic...
Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus), and Cooper's Hawks (A.
coo erii) in the conifer forests in northwestern Oregon and A.
striatus, A. cooperii, and Goshawks (A. gentilis) in the conifer
forests of eastern Oregon were syntopic during the nesting season.
In this study density of nests, nest success, and utilization of...
The effects of exposure to suspended silt, kaolin and fuller's
earth on growth and condition of Pacific oysters, 16 months of age,
were studied. The exposure apparatus maintained a continuous flow
of turbid water through chambers containing test oysters. Additional
studies measured the filtration rates of oysters exposed to suspended...
This study consisted of determining some of the conditions for
culture of young English sole (Parophrys vetulus Girard) in the laboratory.
Rearing of the larvae to the juvenile stage was attempted
unsuccessfully; techniques used and problems encountered during culture
are discussed. Growth of juveniles was studied at combinations of
temperatures...
Benthic samples were collected during the summer, winter and
spring seasons from upper Yaquina Estuary, a region used by Georgia-
Pacific Corporation for log dumping and storage. Samples came from
an active log dump and storage areas as well as areas not associated
with log handling activity. The samples were...
A herd of re-introduced California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis
californiana) was studied from 15 June 1976 to 31 August 1977.
Thirteen major and seven minor habitats were delineated and described.
Habitat use by bighorns was observed throughout the study and
a habitat preference value (H.P.V.) was calculated based on use...
Studies were conducted during late winter and spring of 1970 to
establish the extent of spawning of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus
pallasi Valenciennes) in the Yaquina estuary, and to define the degree
of egg mortality on certain substrates. Routine surveillance of the
north shore of the estuary provided information on...
Eight scale characters of known hatchery and wild coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) were compared, and a linear discriminant
function was used to determine if hatchery and wild adult coho
salmon could be correctly identified by their scales. Eighty-two
percent of the hatchery and 89% of the wild fish were correctly...
The genotype frequencies of one-year-old oyster spat
(Crassostrea gigas) from parents of known genotype, are compared
to the frequencies expected with Mendelian inheritance. The genotypes
are characterized at three enzyme loci, Aspartate amino-transferase
(AAT), Phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and Leucine
aminopeptidase (LAP), and a general protein locus. In this study
expression...
Data are presented on the life history of snake
pricklebacks, Lumpenus sagitta, collected in Yaquina Bay,
Oregon, from June 1977 to October 1978. Specimens were
collected primarily by beach seine from four sampling sites
in the bay. Snake pricklebacks feed on algae (mainly genus
Enteromorpha), on polychaeta (mainly genus Neoamphitrite),...
The objective of this research was to study the effects of increased water temperature characteristic of clearcut watersheds of Pacific coastal streams upon the growth rate of juvenile coho salmon. The natural temperature fluctuations of the stream were used in the study of growth of underyearling fish held in aquariums...
Rates of birth, death and population change were calculated for Cyclops sp. and Diaptornus forbesi in Soap Creek Ponds V-VIII near Corvallis, Oregon during the interval April, 1968 to April, 1969. An egg ratio method was used in calculating these rates. Duration of development of the eggs of both species...
Five species of aquatic organisms were exposed to TCDD. Lethal effects of initial exposure to coho salmon of 23.4 nanogram TCDD/gram fish wet weight (23.4 ng/g), or equivalent to 100 nanogram
per liter (100 ng/l) TCDD in water, for 24 hours were irreversible; 95% mortality occurred in 60 days. Exposure...
Selected zooplankton from three oligotrophic lakes in Oregon were studied to determine whether or not their instantaneous birth rates and densities could be used in lake classification. The species of zooplankton studied in their respective lakes were Daphnia, pulex in Crater Lake, Daphnia longispina in Odell Lake, and Daphnia longispina...
Biochemical variation in 12 different chinook populations, sampled from 10 hatcheries along the Columbia River and the Oregon coast, was studied with starch gel electrophoresis. An index was
used to describe the genetic differences between pairs of populations. Differences were observed between spring and fall chinook and between Columbia River...
Precocious male coho are of limited economic value and control of their numbers returning to the hatchery or the increased survival of full-sized adults would be beneficial. Factors influencing
early sexual maturation and attempts to suppress this maturation of males through the incorporation of a hormone in the diet, treatment...
Data from 186 mountain cottontail rabbits (Sylvilaus nuttallii) captured 455 times by livetrapping and from 46 rabbits collected by shooting were evaluated to determine monthly densities, survival rates, extent of movements, dispersion in relation to habitat types, and criteria for determining ages of mountain cottontails. Estimates of density computed for...
Large numbers of coho salmon (Oncorhynehus kisutch) fry move downstream shortly after emergence from the gravel in many spawning tributaries. In three small coastal streams of Oregon about eight times more juveniles leave the tributaries as newly emerged fry than as smolts one year later. Because these early emigrants comprise...
Prior to onset of the breeding season, a ration containing 18.4 mg/kg N-(Ethylmercuri)-p-toluene sulphonanilide was fed to 6 male and 16 female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Birds
receiving the mercury-treated ration were separated from the opposite sex. After receiving the mercury-treated ration for 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days,...
The use of heated seawater for enhancing the culture of Pacific salmon was investigated. Food consumption rate, gross food conversion efficiency, growth rate, and survival of chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha} salmon fed to satiation were determined in relation to water temperature and body weight. Both species of...
A study of population trends, nest site selection, and food habits of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus carolinensis) nesting on the Bend District of the Deschutes National Forest, Oregon, was conducted
during 1970 and 1971. Intensive observations were made of 95 nesting attempts of ospreys. Energy demands of the population were estimated...
Relative growth and survival of offspring from matings of hatchery and wild Deschutes River (Oregon) summer steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, were monitored to determine if hatchery fish differ genetically from wild fish in traits which can affect the stock-recruitment relationship of wild populations. Four natural streams and a hatchery pond...
Juvenile fall chinook salmon were acclimated to full strength sea water at 66, 73, and 80 days after hatching. Survival in sea water for 14 days was used as the criterion for successful acclimation. The growth of salmon acclimated to sea water was slower over the period of observation (134...
Variation in growth rate of Dover sole (Microstomous pacificus) off Astoria and Brookings, and English sole (Parophrys vetulus) growth off Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon was studied using the distance between annuli on scales and interoperculum bones indicating growth rate for Dover sole
and English sole respectively. The age at...
Damage by Belding's ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi) to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and the efficacies of various poisoning regimes to reduce damage were evaluated during March-July, 1976
and 1977. Regimes examined were designed to measure the effect of 3 variables on damage to alfalfa caused by squirrels including; timing of application,...
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) use of four playas (intermittent lakebeds) on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (NAR) in south central Oregon was studied during the summers of 1974 and
1975. Percent canopy cover of playa vegetation, plant phenology, percent desiccated vegetation, soil moisture, available surface water and pronghorn use of range...
Relative use by pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) of 16 range sites was studied during summer and fall of 1971 and 1972 on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, an area of high desert
rangeland in south central Oregon. A Relative Use Index was developed based upon 1533 observations of pronghorns located on...
A small mammal inventory of occurrence and relative abundance was conducted in riparian and upland habitats in six segments along the lower Columbia River from the river mouth to McNary Dam (river mile 292) during 1974 and 1975 by removal trapping on standardized trap lines. Analysis of variance was used...
Species interactions and their effect on the use of habitat by benthic fishes were examined in a guild composed of Cottus perplexus, C. rhotheus, and C. beldingi in the Marys River above Philomath, Oregon, and in a constant environment provided by an artificial stream. In the Marys River system, the...
Six standard coyote scent station index lines and one scentless control line were repeatedly sampled from May through October, 1974, on a 400 square mile study area in Central Oregon. The scent station index remained relatively constant at a mean value of 0.025 from May through mid-August; increased to a...
Clinical methods to diagnose specific organ dysfunction have not been evaluated in fishes. To determine if an accepted clinical test of mammalian liver function could be applied to fishes, the
hepatic disposition of the organic anion sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was studied in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with a model hepatotoxicant....
This study examines the ecology and dynamics of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in environments experimentally altered by logging. The objective was to evaluate processes that stabilize or regulate the populations. Two small watersheds in Oregon's Coast Range were logged in
1966, one clear-cut, the other patch-cut. A third adjacent watershed...
Long-term oceanographic and meteorological data were used to develop models that describe the observed variation in the recruitment of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the California
Current region. The models that were found to best describe recruitment included both density-dependent factors and environmental factors. Models incorporating only density-dependent factors
accounted...
Successful fertilization of fresh steelhead trout, pink salmon, kokanee, chum salmon, fall chinook salmon, and coho salmon eggs with cryopreserved sperm is reported in this thesis. A mean percent fertilization greater than 50 percent was achieved for all species tested except chum salmon. Differences in sperm viability from donor males...
Population dynamics of coastal cutthroat trout were studied in a controlled-flow section of Berry Creek, Oregon, from August 1972 to August 1973. All trout except the underyearlings were tagged to allow movement, survival and weight change of individual trout to be monitored. Fifty-eight percent of the tagged trout which were...
This is the first report on the susceptibility of salmonid fish to infection with the glochidia of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera. margaritifera using known numbers of parasites under controlled conditions. The relative susceptibility of six species of salmonid fish, 2O to 80 mm in total length, to glochidiosis was determined...
The contribution of genetic effects to the variation in percent normal development observed in a bay mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) embryo bioassay was determined. A factorial breeding experiment
was accomplished in which 9 males were mated with 3 females. Each mating was repeated 10 times, yielding 270 mussel embryo cultures,...
A time and energy budget was constructed for a population of
dippers (Cinclus Mexicanus) in the Cascade Range of Oregon during
winter. A total of 12,202 point observations of activity were made
from nine observation blinds from 19 November 1973 to 10 February
1974. Approximately 50 percent of all observations...
Distribution of nests and nesting success were determined for
sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) Cooper’s hawks (A. cooperii),
and goshawks (A. gentilis) in Oregon during 1969 through 1974. 1n
addition, two areas (11,74l hectares in Eastern Oregon and 9,284 hectares
in Western Oregon) were searched intensively for nests to determine
nesting...
The growth and production of brown trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus, exposed to a concentration of 0.65 mg/l BOD (4.1 percent by volume) stabilized kraft mill effluent (KME) were studied from October 1973 until May 1974 in three experimental stream channels located near a kraft mill in Albany, Oregon. Growth rate...
The effects of temperature and ration on growth, food consumption, and food conversion efficiency of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, in sea water were studied in two experiments conducted during the spring, summer, and fall, 1973, at the Oregon State University Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon. The test temperatures
employed in...
A study designed to evaluate the use of floating cages for rearing fingerling and subadult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and fingerling brown bullheads (I. nebulosus) on a commercial basis in Oregon's Willamette Valley was conducted at a pond seven miles north of Corvallis, Oregon, from May 23 to October 17,...
A laboratory investigation was performed to determine the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenol on the flavor of fish. The study was conducted at the Oak Creek Fisheries Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. The three experimental apparatus used in this study were designed to deliver 250 ml/min...
Reported are results of a study of otolith nuclei as a means to separate juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) from juvenile rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) which co-exist in the lower Deschutes River, Oregon. An intensive recreational fishery necessitated development of a technique for separation so that the impact
of the...
The performances of newly-established gravel incubation systems designed to use unfiltered water for production of unfed salmon fry were evaluated at Netarts Bay, Oregon, and at Little Port Walter, Alaska.
Research was divided into two phases. The first consisted of laboratory studies to develop fry quality testing procedures and to...
Glochidial development in freshwater mussels (Mararitifera margaritifera) located in the Siletz River, Oregon, was completed in 13 days at an average water temperature of 12.8 C. Glochidia were released by these mussels for 33 days, May 13 to June 15, 1971. The comparative susceptibility of four species of salmonid
fishes,...
Comparison of the toxic effects of six herbicide formulations in simultaneous moving water and static water bioassays showed that mortality of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), was less in the moving water tests. The moving water tests were conducted in troughs with powered paddlewheels while the static tests were conducted...
Natality of black-tailed deer in McDonald State Forest was determined by examination of 147 reproductive tracts. Yearlings collected from November of 1968 to May of 1970 had an average of 0.79 corpora lutea per doe, and adults 1.76 corpora lutea per doe. Yearlings collected during the spring in 1969 and...
Mean weights, lengths, and condition factors of three isozyme
phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme differed significantly
for experimentally reared winter steelhead trout (Salmo
gairdneri) fry. Time of emergence from the gravel was unrelated
to LDH phenotype. Relative mortality of the phenotypes between
eyed-egg stage and emergence was unaffected by...
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)) and aquatic invertebrates were subjected to experimentally increased, but naturally fluctuating, temperatures in a model stream channel. Coho of the 1969, 1970, and 1971 year classes were reared in the heated model stream and in an unheated control stream, both located at the Oak...
Models were developed that described cohort strength of female
Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) and female English sole (Parophrys
vetulus) in stocks off the Columbia River as functions of environmental
variables. The environmental variables considered were those
that could hypothetically influence spawning success or survival.
They included a spawning power index,...