Listeria monocytogenes contamination continues to pose challenges for the food industry and there is demand for effective methods of food preservation and protection that can also be considered clean label. A promising source of antilisterial compounds may be sourced from bacteria that produce novel byproducts. Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified...
2020 and 2021 brought the first reported outbreaks of salmonellosis epidemiologically linked to dry bulb onions in the United States. Outbreak investigations were not able to implicate a specific source of the contamination but speculated that contaminated water was a significant contributor. The Produce Safety Rule established minimum standards for...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder experienced by 10–15% of the global population, manifesting as chronic abdominal pain, bloating and inconsistent bowel habits. The search for effective treatments remains ongoing. One promising contender in this realm is kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived peptide. Its potential benefits stem...
Whey protein isolate (WPI) and glycomacropeptide (GMP) have shown potential immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated their effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion using both in vitro and in vivo models. In LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages, digested WPI and GMP reduced cytokine expression, while whole GMP increased secretion. The in human...
Seaweeds have gained tremendous recognition as a highly nutritious and sustainable crop. The diverse components of seaweeds are known to exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular health benefits. One such promising seaweed is Pacific dulse (Devaleraea mollis). While it holds great cultivating potential on the...
Whey protein’s potential for bioactivity is well documented, but there is disagreement on the extent to which it may modulate the immune system towards decreased inflammation. Decreased inflammation is generally perceived as a beneficial bioactivity in foods as excessive chronic inflammation is linked to morbidity and mortality.
This thesis first...
The seafood industry has a problem of underutilization of harvested and processed fish. Up to 60% of the weight of the fish is considered a byproduct that is typically made into fishmeal for livestock and aquaculture feed, a low-value and non-food grade product. Two species that make up major fisheries...
Sensory stimulation from food-related cues elicits a number of rapid physiologic responses that prepare the gastrointestinal tract for efficient nutrient utilization and help minimize perturbations to metabolic homeostasis. Cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR) is one such response that specifically promotes glucose homeostasis by limiting the rise in blood sugar after...
Tropical fruit aromas are prominent in wines like Sauvignon Blanc, one of the most abundant white wines in the United States. With high consumer interest for these aromas, it has become increasingly important to understand the factors that influence the desired tropical fruit aromas in white wines. Understanding the causes...
Bitterness is a common flavor attribute of aged cheese, but excessive levels are a flaw leading to consumer rejection. Bitterness in cheese has been primarily associated with milk casein-derived peptides of medium size (500–3,000 Da) and relative hydrophobicity. Herein, we demonstrate a novel approach for the identification of bitter peptides...
Production of fresh produce takes place outdoors, and therefore, is exposed to many routes of contamination (e.g., soil, contaminated water, manure, etc.) by human pathogens. Although precautions are taken to reduce this risk, pathogens can be regularly introduced to produce handling facilities. To manage the risk of cross-contamination from potentially...
American hop growers have historically dried hops in the range of 140-155°F/ 60-68°C using deep bed kilns (24 – 32 inches/ 60 – 81 cm), but over the last 10 years they have shifted to lower temperatures (125 -135 °F/ 52 – 57°C) for drying new American aroma cultivars. Reduced...
This dissertation investigates the microbial diversity and factors influencing the assembly of microbial communities in kombucha production, using a combination of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 16S and ITS rRNA metabarcoding, and traditional culture-based microbiological methods. It also explores the diversity of kombucha starter cultures through shotgun sequencing and metabarcoding...
Pasteurization is an effective method of reducing risks associated with foodborne pathogens in raw milk. Cheese made from raw milk has a higher potential to harbor harmful bacterial pathogens. However, some cheesemakers prefer to use unpasteurized milk to preserve the natural microflora present in the raw milk and to prevent...
Flavored milk is a growing category for dairy products; however, it is a perishable product that is subject to microbial spoilage which can lead to a negative consumer experience and lead to lost sales. Flavored milk processors communicated unique spoilage events related to their products, including color loss of strawberry...
Lactose intolerance is a common food intolerance that occurs because of a post-weaning deficiency of lactase, an enzyme that cleaves the glyosidic bond of lactose. About 75% of the world's population is lactose intolerant. Common symptoms of lactose intolerance are abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. ~25% of the world’s population...
Aroma is one of the major components that determines the quality of wine and consumer acceptability. Fruitiness is a highly desirable aroma quality in white wines and has been well accepted by consumers across the globe. Tropical fruit aroma has been substantially studied in Sauvignon Blanc wines due to its...
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Symptoms of GRBD include red discoloring of leaf margins and red veins on the underside of the leaves. GRBD affects the plant's metabolism and photosynthetic pathways, and disrupts carbon translocation and chlorophyll concentrations....
Fish sauce is a fermented condiment made primarily from anchovies and is popularly used in Asian countries as it provides unique salty and umami flavor. Its consumption is no longer limited to Southeast Asian countries, but extended to Europe, United States and Canada as a condiment in their food. Fish...
It is estimated that for every 1 kg of cheese produced, approximately 9 kg of whey is created. For smaller producers something needs to be done to keep it out of water ways and potentially to valorize it. However, access to efficient secondary whey processing to isolate protein and lactose...
When a person is tasting wine, they first evaluate the appearance and then the aroma. The smell of wine is a crucial part of tasting and the aromas emanating from the wine should be pleasant. Aroma quality perceived in wine is determined by multiple interactions of the components found in...
Starch is a significant component of the human diet and the glucose produced through its digestion provides a critical source of energy. When starch enters the mouth, salivary α-amylase hydrolyzes it into maltooligosaccharides (MOS, degree of polymerization [DP] 3-20) and maltopolysaccharides (MPS, DP >20). Previous studies have found that humans...
Cheese has been produced since ancient times and continues to be an important nutrient-dense staple in many diets around the world. Cheese quality is of high importance to consumers, and it is important for cheese producers to establish process controls to prevent and control cheese spoilage. Fungal spoilage is of...
First recorded as a problem in 2003, wildfire smoke has been found to affect wine grapes and lead to alterations to a wine’s flavor profile. Smoke can carry organic volatile compounds over vast distances, which can then be deposited on grapes and are absorbed into the grape’s cells. These compounds...
The biotransformation of hop aroma via yeast is a prominent topic in the brewing industry with considerable interest placed on how yeast can enhance volatile thiol production during wort fermentation. Three potent thiols are known contributors to tropical qualities in wine and beer aroma, specifically 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH), 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA),...
Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) is one of the most abundant fisheries on the American west coast. However, these fish are historically underutilized due to quality issues resulting from fillet softening that occurs as a result of both endogenous and exogenous (Myxosporidian parasite infection) cathepsin protease action during either storage (cathepsin...
Cold soaking is a technique used during red winemaking to alter the aroma, flavor, and phenolic content of a wine. However, cold soaking does not come without risk, as this process can result in the production of spoilage compounds such as acetic acid and ethyl acetate if excessive growth of...
Oregon strawberries are known for their high quality, intense flavor, sweetness, and rich red color. With optimal weather conditions, including rainy and mild seasons, Oregon has one of the best strawberry farming environments. Amongst the factors for a suitable strawberry farming environment, soil significantly influences strawberry growth and quality. The...
Naked barley is a rich source of fiber and phytonutrients but is not widely consumed by humans. The author contends that increasing population-wide consumption of wholegrain naked-barley would accrue a net positive public health benefit by helping to increase total fiber and phytonutrient consumption. Many of the leading causes of...
The overall goal of this study was to utilize apple pomace, the byproduct from juice processing, as a renewable source of fiber to create sustainable packaging using molded pulp technology. The goal was accomplished through two studies: 1) to modify apple pomace fibers for increasing relative cellulose composition and improving...
Given the many significant roles that bacteria play in modern food manufacturing, it is crucial that we have a fundamental understanding of how bacterial communities assemble and behave in the food manufacturing environment. The focus of this dissertation was to investigate both the spatial and temporal distributions of microbial communities...
The human senses can be used as analytical tools to evaluate many different aspects of our daily lives. The use of our senses through organoleptic methods offers unique and powerful insights into the characteristics of different stimuli. Due to the unique function of the different sensory organs we use to...
Ample research has demonstrated the largely untapped potential of bioactive peptides (BAPs) for treating systematic chronic inflammation (SCI). Protein hydrolysates are the mixture of peptides resulting from the hydrolytic breakdown of a protein. Numerous hydrolysates contain BAPs and exert beneficial effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. In...
The fermentation of honey-based musts has been a feature of civilization for millennia. Typically comprised of 75-90% (w/w) simple (i.e. fermentable) sugars, the glucose and fructose present are readily fermented by either pitched or adventitious micro-organisms. Nevertheless, despite its venerable heritage, honey-based fermentations are prone to inconsistency, and it is...
Wine taste and mouthfeel are essential factors that determine consumer acceptance, consumer preference, and wine quality. The three taste descriptors, sweet, sour, and bitter, are well understood and routinely appearing in wine sensory. In contrast, information related to mouthfeel sensations is still relatively limited. Winemakers have worked hard to craft...
Kombucha is a traditional fermented beverage that has become increasingly popular in the United States due to its perceived health benefits and unique flavor profiles. The drivers of kombucha flavor have not been fully characterized, at least in part because it is produced using a complex microbial community, leading to...
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen frequently associated with food processing environments. Its presence is particularly concerning in facilities handling minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods. Recent outbreaks associated with fresh produce, such as packaged salads and mushrooms, highlight the need to better understand and control these pathogens in environments that...
Prebiotics are a subset of dietary fiber that is growing in demand within the food industry. The health benefits of prebiotics have been well established, leading to the increase in its incorporation into various food products. Given the importance of prebiotics as functional ingredients, it is important to understand their...
Rework is a common practice in the dairy industry as a way for processors to minimize waste while recovering costs for dairy products that are unsaleable. The regulations available for reworking fluid dairy products only outline product eligibility requirements with a focus on repasteurization of the products containing rework as...
Raw milk microbiome is important to food safety and security. However, understanding the complexities of how the dairy farm environment may affect the microbiome is difficult. Since there are a variety of operating parameters for dairy farmers to use on their farms, each farming environment is unique. What makes the...
Whey protein is a functional food comprised of numerous bioactive peptides and proteins, including glycomacropeptide (GMP), a hydrophilic casein peptide that separates with the whey fraction during cheesemaking. GMP has a unique amino acid composition, making it a viable nutritional therapy in disorders where certain amino acids are implicated, while...
Milk is the first source of nutrition for all mammalian neonates. The complex matrix that constitutes milk has evolved to provide optimal nutrition for the newborn, for each species, respectively. Milk fat, originating in mammary epithelial, forms lipid droplets which are stabilized in the aqueous environment by bioactive polar lipids...
Wine is particularly vulnerable to infection by Brettanomyces bruxellensis during or shortly after malolactic fermentation (MLF). While different methods and techniques enable winemakers to prevent wine spoilage due to this organism, no single intervention is universally sufficient. Moreover application of sulfur dioxide, the most commonly used of these methods, is...
The clean label movement is a persistent, consumer-driven trend that has shifted consumer preferences in favor of foods considered to be more natural. Although lacking legal definitions in food labeling, the terms “natural” and “clean label” are generally used to characterize foods that have short, minimal ingredient lists containing simple...
Brewers' spent grain (BSG), the byproduct from beermaking, is a good source of protein and dietary fiber and may be utilized as a functional ingredient for food applications such as bakery goods. Starch-based film is well-known for its safety, edibility, and renewability. Starch films with the incorporation of cellulose nanofiber...
Beer brewing, broadly speaking, consists of two stages, a hot side and a cold side. The hot side occurs in the brewhouse and consists of steeping malted grain in hot water to extract sugars, separating the steeping liquid (wort) from the solids, and boiling the wort with an addition of...
In short, the brewing process uses hot water to extract fermentable sugars from malt to make a wort that is bittered by hops and finally fermented by yeast to produce beer. The four key ingredients in brewing are malt, water, hops, and yeast. Malt is perhaps the key ingredient, as...
The primary goal of this research was to determine the concentration and composition of nucleotides, as nucleoside monophosphates and nucleobases, in the underutilized reproductive organs (milt and roe) of Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera). Changes in concentrations of these nucleotides and nucleotide analogs were observed with...
The overall goal of this study was to investigate the gaps in edible packaging research in the areas of both edible coatings and edible films. This was accomplished across two distinct studies, in the pursuit of extending shelf life of fresh fruit for decreasing food loss, and heightening the consumer...
The production of Cheddar cheese is a complex process with multiple potential sources of undesirable bacteria, including those that have negative impacts on product quality (spoilage organisms) and those that are used to evaluate sanitary conditions in the production environment (indicator organisms). The dairy industry commonly uses coliform bacteria as...
The budding yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis has the potential to spoil fermented beverages and cause financial losses, but also contribute positively to certain products such as Lambic beer. It is most notorious for causing “Brett” spoilage of wine, which is characterized by undesirable aromas such as “bandaid” and “barnyard”, therefore most...
Kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (CMP), a 64-amino-acid peptide, is released from kappa-casein after rennet treatment and is one of the major peptides in whey protein isolate (WPI). CMP has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. CMP has two major amino acid sequences with different modifications including glycosylation, phosphorylation and oxidation. However, no previous work...
Kilning, which is the drying operation in hop cultivation, is a processing step that can have a tremendous impact on hop quality. Historically, hops have been dried at temperatures ranging from 140-155°F. In the last decade, growers have moved toward kilning hops at lower temperatures averaging between 125-140°F in the...
Objective: Red raspberries are rich in polyphenols and fiber, relatively low in sugar compared with other fruits, and have been demonstrated to have favorable effects on energy homeostasis in mice. However, it has been unclear precisely which compounds within red raspberries possess the greatest bioactivity, and their mechanism of action....
Cheese is a fermented dairy product that is made from animal milk and is considered to be healthy food due to its available nutrients and potential probiotic characteristics. Since the microbes in the cheese matrix directly contribute to the quality and physicochemical properties of cheese, it is important to understand...
Tree nuts have been implicated in a number of foodborne outbreaks and recalls in recent years linked to enteric pathogens, particularly Salmonella. Therefore, prior to distribution and marketing, it is necessary to understand the biological risks associated with the consumption of tree nuts and to find effective methods to inactivate...
Butter has long been the premium choice for producing pastries such as Danish and croissants. Its inclusion has consistently delivered characteristically light and airy crumbs with beautifully flaky crust. Once considered a delicacy, pastries have now become innocuous in our everyday lives. Once requiring a skillful hand to sculpt and...
Mold growth on cheddar-style cheese, though not a food safety issue, causes significant loss to the industry due to consumer rejection. For this reason, it is common for at-risk products, such as cheese shreds, to be coated with the mold inhibitor natamycin. While highly effective at extending shelf-life, preferences for...
Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient required by yeast to successfully complete alcoholic fermentation. In particular, the concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) influences fermentation kinetics and the production of a range of volatile aroma compounds, both desirable and undesirable. YAN is naturally present in the grape, but producers can boost...
The popularity of hop-forward American craft beers has had a profound impact on the use of hops as an ingredient; where hops were once thought of as the “spice” of beer, they may now be considered the primary driver of flavor in beer styles such as American India Pale Ales....
Enzymatic browning is a consequence of a series of reactions initiated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO)-catalyzed quinone formation. Unwanted browning negatively affects food quality and lowers consumer acceptability. Thus, there is general interest in strategies to control enzymatic browning. Cyclodextrins are cyclic glucan oligosaccharides that form inclusion complexes with a number...
Foodborne illness in the United States continues to be a complex and recurring issue despite our increased understanding of the pathogenic microorganisms responsible. Foodborne illness outbreaks and product recalls linked to pathogenic bacteria have been more frequent in the produce industry (e.g. fruits and vegetables) in the last ten years....
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a pathogenic bacterium associated with the foodborne disease listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis affects thousands of people in the U.S. yearly, with neonates, elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised persons disproportionately affected. Lm has a high mortality rate in these populations (20 - 30%) with symptoms including septicemia,...
Oregon produces 99% US hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.), occupying 3% world production. To ensure the quality and food safety of hazelnuts (inshells or kernels), industry and federal standards require freshly harvested nuts to be cleaned and dried to reach a final moisture content (MC) of inshells < 10%, MC of...
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is rich in lycopene and citrulline and has high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Previous studies demonstrate the health benefits of watermelon intake on improved blood pressure regulation along with others. Similarly, cherries, raspberries, walnuts and green tea are rich in anthocyanins, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids...
Historically, brewers have used dry-hopping (a cold extraction of nonvolatile and volatile chemicals from hops into fermenting or finished beer) to increase the microbial stability and shelf life of their beer. As hoppy beer styles have gained in popularity over the last decade (2007-2017), the objective of dry-hopping has turned...
The overall objective of this dissertation study was to develop and validate the performance of cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) incorporated fruit coatings for improving the storability of postharvest pears and bananas under various storage conditions. Four specific studies were conducted to fulfill the research objectives as stated below.
First, cellulose nanocrystal...
Reductive sulfate assimilation, the biological process by which sulfur-containing amino acids and key derivatives are synthesized from sulfate, is broadly shared among bacteria, fungi, and plants. It is the major, if not sole source of methionine and cysteine for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation. Two obligate intermediates formed in the...
This dissertation focused on data mining in food science research and on the technical functional properties of wheat straw-derived biorefinery-byproduct fiber preparations as related to potential applications as food ingredients. This first study evaluated the importance of electronic bibliographic database selection and multiple database usage during the information retrieval phase...
Lambic and other barrel-aged beer styles are gaining popularity in the United States and Europe and are often treated as a premium product that can command a premium price. However, these styles can be prone to spoilage during the barrel-aging process, which represents a significant time and product commitment by...
Honey wine, also known as mead, is one of the oldest alcoholic beverages known to man. Made primarily from honey, water, and yeast, this beverage has recently been experiencing a resurgence in popularity. It is imperative that commercial producers focus on consistently creating quality products to differentiate themselves from competitors...
It is generally recognized within the brewing industry that hop aroma and flavor in beer changes as beer ages post-packaging. Lager beer staling has been the primary focus of research investigations, with dry-hopped beers receiving limited attention. In the interest of exploring dry-hopped beer staling, this study investigated the impact...
Pre-fermentation cold soak is a winemaking technique used to alter the color, mouthfeel, and aroma of red wine. While it is still debated what impact cold soak has on these wine quality parameters, current thoughts are that resident yeast populations found in fresh grape must play a role in altering...
BACKGROUND: Consumption of raspberry products have been observed to produce healthful effects and reduce weight gain and positively shift metabolism in mice fed obesigenic diets. In the past, our lab has successfully shown a reduction in weight gain for mice consuming RPC+HF vs. mice fed HF alone. Currently, there is...
Bloomy rind cheeses, including Camembert and Brie type cheeses, are highly susceptible to contamination by environmental pathogens during their manufacture and ripening. These cheeses undergo many physiochemical changes during ripening that provides these pathogens with a suitable environment to grow. One example of this change is an increase of pH...
The production of high-quality wine is an important target for wineries worldwide, and low crop level (yield) has been one vineyard management criterion long believed to achieve wine quality. Low yields are most often achieved by removing clusters from the grapevine. Some studies show that cluster thinning can enhance grape...
Wine volatile composition is one of the most important components of wine quality, and it is greatly affected by multiple factors, including grape variety, viticultural practices, and winemaking procedures. Pre-fermentation cold soak is one of the winemaking techniques widely undertaken by winemakers to modify their red wine quality. Imposing a...
Due to a combination of misinterpretation and misleading illustration, the premise of a “tongue map”, which indicated that sweetness could only be detected at the front of the tongue and bitterness could only be detected on the back, became wide spread. In fact, all taste qualities can be detected on...
According to conventional wisdom, hops are treated in the brewery as biologically inactive ingredients, added to wort or beer primarily as a flavoring agent. In the past, hops were used in relatively small quantities, with the majority of hop additions made to boiling wort. Converse to traditional hopping practices, modern...
Whey is co-product of cheese production and is produced at 9:1 whey to cheese ratio. Whey is broadly classified into two types, sweet and acid whey. Large cheese manufacturers have developed whey processing techniques to convert sweet whey into value added products such as protein powders and emulsifiers. Acid whey...
Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used extensively throughout the brewing industry either individually or in various combinations to add hoppy aroma to beer. This high use of hops, particularly via late- or dry-hopping, creates a need to better understand the chemical contribution of these hop varieties during dry-hopping beer...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United Stated have been linked to consumption of raw shellfish, particularly oysters, with symptoms of headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting. Depuration, as a post-harvest process, has a long history of being applied in shellfish industry to reduce sewage bacteria. In order to reduce the...
When wheat is exposed to rain in the period before harvest, it sometimes causes the problem of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Wheat that undergoes sprouting has poor end-use quality and is less valuable. In recent years, the U. S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) has experienced increased summer showers sometimes causing widespread PHS....
Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) is a schooling whitefish native to the Bering Sea that is prized for its fillets, surimi, roe, and milt. Fillets are frequently used for popular products such as fish and chips. If collected, roe and milt are commonly exported to South Korea and Japan. However, no...
The growth of Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a major cause of wine spoilage due tothe production of the volatile phenols 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG), derivatives of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. During the winemaking process,some microorganisms can impact the concentration of the 4-EP precursors pcoumaricand coutaric acid (tartaric acid-esterified p-coumaric...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is frequently isolated or detected from raw seafoods, especially shellfish. Also, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. are pathogens that are frequently found in ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood, such as smoked fish and shellfish, seafood salad, cooked shrimp and crabmeat, and seafood consumed raw. Two studies to improve safety in RTE...
The range of different nonvolatile constituents extracted from hops in highly hopped beers suggests that iso-alpha acids may not be the sole contributor to beers’ bitterness. Among brewers producing hop-forward beer styles there is a growing concern that the Bitterness Unit (BU) is no longer an accurate predictor of beer...
The dairy industry has indicated that milk hauling sporadically compromises milk quality, but often the reason is unknown. Milk hauling practices are an underexplored area of research, and are in need of attention because during hauling milk is most exposed to the external environment in comparison with any other step...
Three analytical methods for determination of aroma compounds in alcoholic beverages were developed and validated. These methods are sensitive and reliable that can be applied to analyze volatile phenols, stale aldehydes as well as some highly volatile aromas in alcoholic beverages. In the first study, an ethylene glycol (EG) polydimethylsiloxane...
Monoterpenes are important volatile compounds to the aroma of many white wines. Many monoterpenes are chiral and found in wine as different isomers. These isomers (also known as enantiomers) are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, maintain the same molecular structure and in many instances possess different sensory characteristics. Much...
The water status of grape vine throughout the growing season is a primary determinant of vine vigor and berry composition. The concentrations of volatile compounds and precursors in grape berries are highly influenced by viticultural practices. Imposing a water deficit on the vine during berry development is an important vineyard...
Metabolic syndrome is a problem affecting people around the world. In a number of studies, soy intake has been documented to possess antidiabetic and anticardiovascular effect. My project is focused on the impact of the intake of compounds found within soy, the isoflavones, their impact on metabolic syndrome symptoms, and...
There is growing evidence that humans and other animals can taste certain starch hydrolysis products, namely, maltooligosaccharides (MOS), and that their detection is independent of the known sweet receptor, T1R2 T1R3. The overall goal of this study was to further investigate the taste perception of low degree-of-polymerization (DP) MOS in...
Non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) are found at low levels in fresh raw milk and are important to the dairy industry because of their potential impact on the flavor and texture of yogurt, sour cream, and cheese. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three methods for the identification...
Gadoid fish, like Alaska pollock and Pacific whiting, have a high level of trimethylamine-N-oxide demethylase (TMAOase) that catalyzes the breakdown of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) to formaldehyde (FA) and dimethylamine (DMA) even during frozen storage. FA reacts with amino acid residues to promote covalent cross-links in the formation of inter- and intramolecular...
There are presently two successful methods used to refine fish muscle proteins: surimi and fish protein isolate (FPI). Both surimi and FPI have the ability to form an elastic gel upon comminution and heating. However, their gelation behaviors are different as they are refined in a biochemically opposite way based...
Existing research reports the importance of brine injection technology in enhancing the quality of muscle products such as poultry, beef, and pork. In fish, the utilization of brine injection technology is well-known for delivering marinade ingredients for salted or smoked fish production. Until now, there has been limited published scientific...
Hop aroma in beer is related to the unique compositional chemistry of the hops used in the brewing process. While the range of these compositions is quite diverse and primarily dependent on hop cultivar¹, other studies have also shown that cultivation, seasonality, harvesting², processing³⁴, and storage practices⁵⁶ contribute to differences...
Clostridium perfringens type A strains are one of the main causative agents of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in human and can cause both food poisoning (FP) and non-food-borne (NFB) diseases. Several factors contribute to the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type A strains including the wide presence of C. perfringens spores with...