As part of the Namibian government initiative on sustainable resources development, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources strongly urges right holders to continuously engage in value addition and market diversification of their products in an effort to realise maximum returns on their products. The importance of being in line...
Globalisation in the retail sector is transforming food value chains by driving consolidation in the industry and extending supply chains across the globe. Globalisation enables retailers to benefit from economies of scale and cheaper production in foreign locations. However, food markets themselves are increasingly responding to local consumer preferences. In...
Birds, mammals, and fish eat Atlantic Herring. For the first time, fisheries managers in New England are explicitly considering these, and other, predators when setting harvest control rules for the Atlantic Herring fishery. Based on single-species biological reference points, the herring stock is currently well above MSY levels. However, management...
The natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) is responsible for the endocrine disruption and also has potential effect on the reproduction of vertebrate. However, its effect on invertebrate reproduction has scarcely been studied. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of E2 on survival, egg production and egg hatch of...
The landing obligation in Europe has been in place since January 1st 2015. Experiences gained so far point out that a number of institutional initiatives have been launched, but in practice little has changed regarding discard reduction and use of discards ashore. In parallel, the wide-ranging EU research project H2020...
Many of the world’s most valuable fisheries involve highly migratory stocks that cross national jurisdictions. These same fisheries face severe threats from direct overfishing or excessive bycatch. Traditional input and/or output controls generally have been costly and ineffective. Incentive-based programs that provide tradable shares in an annual total allowable catch...
The coastal fishery in French Guyana is a challenging case study for the implementation of the ecosystem based fishery management. Although the current situation of this small scale fishery could be considered as satisfactory, the viability of the fishery can be questioned. Indeed according to demographic scenarios, the growth of...
This paper presents a new bio-economic simulation model for the Italian fisheries developed as a part of a project financed by The General Directorate for Fisheries and Aquaculture (under the Italian Ministry of Forestry and Agriculture Policies). The main objective of the model is to measure the effects of different...
This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of buyback program implemented last during a 10-year period using a bioeconomic model. Aggregate fisheries stocks are assessed by the surplus-production model and standardized aggregate harvest function is used in the bioeconomic model. The simulation result indicate that the fish stocks are...
The West Coast Rock Lobster fishery is Australia's most valuable commercial fishery. Around 550 vessels
harvest 10,500 tonnes of lobster per annum. The industry has an enviable track record of biological
management which has been based on a variety of input controls. In recent years this has necessitated three
significant...
A scientific knowledge gap exists with regard to how benthic habitat is affected by destructive fishing methods, such as bottom trawling, and how this impacts upon the productivity of commercial fish stocks. This
article addresses analytically the effects of destructive fishing practices of a single gear fishery on a non-renewable...
A bioeconomic model allowing different degrees of harvesting closures for two sub-stocks consisting of mature and immature fish is presented. Hence the model opens for partial closures of fisheries on both sub-stocks. Migration between the two sub-stocks is defined as recruitment of the young to the mature sub-stock, and egg...
The Northern Prawn Fishery is one of the most valuable fisheries in Australia with a yearly estimated value of production of about $64mil. Nine prawn species are commercially harvested from the Northern Prawn Fishery with 80% of annual average catch represented by the banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and the tiger...
This paper investigates the application of cellular automata (CA) models in bioeconomic studies involving varying biological growth and area distribution. A simple 2D continuous cellular automata (CCA) model is presented and incorporated in a fish harvest model based on standard assumptions of economic rational behaviour by individual decision makers. The...
Scallop fisheries are often characterized by variable abundance and periodic mass mortality occurrences. Area rotation is a respected management tool for sedentary species. A bioeconomic simulation model that incorporates the spatial and temporal distribution of scallop beds and fishing effort is presented. The model is user-friendly and was designed for...
The individual size of fish as a proxy for life-history traits and market
value displays an important, yet in bioeconomic modelling often ignored
biological and economic parameter. This raises the question if and to what
extent the consideration of a pricing related to the individual size
influences optimal harvest strategies....
Conservation impacts on protected sea turtles and marine mammals are a longstanding concern in U.S. swordfish fisheries, including the Hawaii shallow-set longline (SSLL) fishery and the west coast drift-gillnet (DGN) fishery. Observer records for these fisheries document a history of rare-event interactions with large cetaceans and endangered sea turtles. Since...
The Atlantic deep sea red crab (Chaceon quinquedens) is the target of a small, directed fishery in the Northeast US, which has been managed using total allowable annual catches (TACs) at the fleet level since 2002. Although not a catch share fishery, it shares many of the same features, behaviors,...
Adoption of aquaculture, particularly among the rural poor, requires timely
and quality seed at the farmer level. In areas of Northwest Bangladesh, the
region considered most marginalised for food production, carp polyculture
has been improved through the introduction of Nile tilapia, but constrained
by under-developed seed supply. In order to...
The objective of the paper is to briefly present a comparative analysis of trends in the characteristics of
selected European fleets, observed over the last fifteen years, as an introduction to three empirical studies
of the behavioural determinants of these trends. The analysis presented aims at (i) describing changes
observed...
This paper addresses to a comparative approach of long term changes in the characteristics of marine fisheries at a regional scale, in three ecosystems: up-welling, tropical and temperate. The South Moroccan
continental shelf, under the influence of the Canary current, where up-wellings take place, is the most productive part of...
On 26th December 2004, colossal waves known as tsunami engulfed the coastal nations around the Indian
Ocean. The disaster brought physical, psychological and emotional suffering beyond measure to many
communities. It resulted in immense devastation of many coastal vegetations and marine ecosystems. The
fisheries in the coastal villages in Sri...
Generalised linear estimation and multi-layer perception neural network modelling techniques were applied to the Scottish trawler fleet data in order to estimate which inputs have the greatest impact on boat profits and output. Both produced comparable estimates that revealed inelastic and non-linear response to vessel power and length, negative response...
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative index characterization of shrimp farms in Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. There has been considerable work carried out on shrimp farming in South East Asia with emphasis on biology, environmental factors, management and trade issues but much less work on the...
We focus on problems of access to marine sites for aquaculture in different countries, particularly in Maine, U.S.A. and Canada. The main question examined is how public natural goods (marine space) are allocated for aquaculture activities. Using ideas from law and economics, as well as institutional economics, we looked at...
Due to establishment of five international organizations for tuna fisheries, tuna fishing in high seas are consequentially transformed from a time of free competition to a time of cooperative competition on the platforms created by those international organizations. The paper explores the openness, procedures of decision-making, allocation of fishing quotas...
Research of value chains in fish industries indicates that there is great
difference in value creation of the domestic part of the value chain between
countries with underdeveloped fish industries and developed fish
industries. This comparison is founded on the authors´ research on the
value chains of Icelandic cod and...
Complex social–ecological systems such as small-scale fisheries require the inclusion of human dimensions in fisheries management and planning for simultaneously preserving human health and habitat health. However, linkages between ecological, social, political and economic subsystems have been largely ignored in conventional fisheries management, in Nigeria in particular. Hence, the weak...
Complex social–ecological systems such as small-scale fisheries require the inclusion of human dimensions in fisheries management and planning for simultaneously preserving human health and habitat health.However, linkages between ecological, social, political and economic subsystems have been largely ignored in conventional fisheries management, in Nigeria in particular. Hence, the weak governance...
The study contains a cost benefit analysis of the aquaculture development component of the Fish Farming Enterprise Productivity Program (FFEPP) undertaken for Meru County in Kenya. It focuses on the implementation of the FFEPP undertaken from 2009 up to 2013 and evaluates its benefits and costs against the opportunity cost...
Feedbacks between the ecosystem and the economy are important to consider when measuring impacts from a disturbance but are often missed in representations of the economy and the food web. Moreover, regional general equilibrium models often focus on how humans respond to ecological changes and do not consider that in...
The productivity and resilience of fisheries are subject to a multitude of dynamic and interrelated influences that arise from complex coupling of fish populations with the natural and human systems of which they are a part. With few exceptions, fisheries are managed independently, ignoring important natural and human linkages among...
Focus groups were combined with surveys to inform policy making regarding precautionary measures to protect cold water coral (CWC). CWC represent complex environmental public goods involving irreversibility and uncertainty. Respondents believe CWC is valuable and should be protected. Use-values, particularly habitat for fish, dominated the focus group discussions, whereas non-use...
This paper discusses sustainable development of Yemeni fisheries towards achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and stakeholder aspiration. Yemen is considered a Least Developed Country ranking 148 among 174 countries in terms of the Human Development Index. In terms of food security, Yemen is classified as a Low-Income and Food...
The harvest technology of several multispecies fisheries has been explained in the recent literature using dual-based models. These studies are useful for explaining rent dissipation, estimating input and output elasticities, as well as describing other aspects of fisherman behavior. Most of these analyses have assumed that inputs are fixed at...
The status of fisheries resources on coastal and offshore areas is getting worse in Taiwan. Thus, to establish a fishery resources management system has become the main task among stakeholders. In this study, we would like to examine the feasibility of imposing the community-based co-management system and setting closed fishing...
This paper proposes a formal analysis of the discarding issue including the sorting labour costs. Empirical evidences from an application to the Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay show that sorting is an important time consuming activity on board and a factor of discarding. However existing literature does not...
The Icelandic fisheries management system has always been controversial in Iceland. In the wake of the force of the financial crisis that hit Iceland the political debate has become increasingly emotional and heated. In this debate a rational understanding of the fisheries management system‚ aims and efficiency has lacked. Previous...
The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) has been one of the most abundant fish in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) since the late 1990s. In recent years under a warm regimen, large Pacific sardine reached Canadian waters in mid-June and returned to the spawning ground in Southern California during October. The...
This is an empirical analysis of the Malindi Ungwana Bay prawn fishery in the coast of Kenya. A resource allocation problem is at the heart of the conflict between artisanal fishers and commercial trawlers exploiting the prawn fishery in the bay. The Prawn Fishery Management plan by the government has...
Granting catch shares to cooperatives is a fisheries management option that has been widely applied. Although fishery cooperatives systems around the world are structured in various ways, it appears that most share the characteristic that members of the same cooperative are jointly and severally liable for not exceeding collectively assigned...
This research examines the gendered livelihood implications of fisheries management decisions through an exploration of a seasonal ban on fishing. The 45 day closed fishing season on the Eastern coast of India began in 2001 and applies to mechanized boats. While there is existing research on the impact of the...
For three years, a multidisciplinary group of researchers in social sciences, has analysed the Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of fisheries management in Europe. In the framework of this ELSA Pêche programme funded under the ELSA line of the FAIR research programme of the European Commission (DG XII, Research), a...
Millions of people across the world, and particularly in Asia, depend on small-scale fisheries for a livelihood. Small-scale fisheries contribute in significant ways to employment, income and food security, and in many parts of the world small-scale fisheries constitute the backbone of remote, rural economies. However, several problems, within and...
Western Australian (WA) fisheries have a long association with environmental certification- the WA rock lobster fishery (in 2000) was the first fishery certified under the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) standards.In 2012 the Western Australia Minister of Fisheries announced that the State Government had committed $14.6 million across a four-year period...
A principle U.S. fisheries management concern is ensuring compliance with Endangered Species Act requirements to limit incidental takes of listed species to levels which do not result in potential jeopardy to existing population stocks. Part of the risk assessment process involves an analysis of historic takes (bycatch) of ESA-listed species...
The aim of this paper is to assist teaching undergraduate students how to analyse the issue of fish stock investment. The mathematical prerequisites are a basic knowledge of calculus. Both discrete and continuos time frameworks are used. To fish down or to build up a fish stock takes time, and...
The recent history of fisheries management in New England has seen substantial interannual variability in total allowable catches (TACs), with stocks deemed healthy in one year retroactively identified as overfished soon thereafter. Concurrently, avenues for and examples of coordination between fishermen are increasing in the region, as exemplified by the...
The fishery cooperative association of Akita Prefecture closed the sailfin sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus fisheries from 1992 to 1994 to rehabilitate the stock. Following the temporary closure, the total allowable catch (TAC) has gradually increased. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the fishery moratorium and other...
This contribution employs a „fish chain‟ approach or ocean to plate analysis to examine key market drivers affecting Northern Gulf cod fisheries recovery since their collapse in the early 1990s. Drawing upon the backward bending supply model of fisheries; secondary data was compiled and analyzed for the pre- and post-collapse...
Recreational fishermen quickly adjust fishing effort directed at a specific
site to variations in fishing quality. Holding all other quality parameters
constant, the functional relationship between fish abundance and the
resulting recreational fishing effort is denoted an effort response function.
This paper proposes a Cobb-Douglas utility function for the benefits...
Conflicts over the use of coastal areas are expected to increase in Norway in the future. In Northern Norway, salmon aquaculture and marine fishing tourism are expected to expand, affecting both the space available for other uses and ecosystems, including traditionally harvested fish stocks. While data is available to managers...
Coastal nations can impose conditions of use on foreign fishing firms that operate in their Exclusive Economic Zone. We develop a game-theoretical model in which a fishery owner maximizes the revenue that it collects from firms that operate in its EEZ by charging them a fishing fee. We find that...
Recent work in the domain of fisheries ecology has shown that major
changes occur in fish communities exploited by commercial fisheries.
Selective fishing pressure on the more highly valued components of fish
communities is amongst the key factors proposed to explain these changes.
Under de facto open access conditions, it...
This paper addresses adverse incentives built into the process of TAC setting as an instrument to prevent overfishing in multispecies fisheries. Under the Magnuson Stevens Act (MSA), the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters, regional Fishery Management Councils must develop a rebuilding plan for every overfished...
A quarter of biomass losses in Scottish marine Atlantic salmon aquaculture are attributable to infectious disease. Interventions to reduce the consequences of disease include the use of disease-resistant stock, vaccines and other authorised medicines, functional feeds, and modified farm management strategies. There are, however, only a few evaluations of the...
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
This paper develops a count data model of target species and bycatch
production for an arbitrary number of species that handles correlation
between species and over time. The model is applied to a large observer
dataset for fishing trips taken from 1990 to 2008 for roughly 150 vessels
participating in...
The high ecological, social and economic value placed on Western Australia’s aquatic environment creates a significant obligation on the WA Department of Fisheries to develop and implement appropriate and sustainable resource management strategies for the State's fisheries and fish habitats. Historically, fisheries management in Western Australia has been based on...
There is a consensus in the scientific community that overexploitation of most fisheries worldwide has had significant negative effects on coastal marine ecosystems, and the majority of assessed fish stocks still require rebuilding programs. Almost all of the scientific studies conducted in recent decades have focused primarily on analysis related...
Five species of marine turtles are found within the territorial waters of Vietnam, and all populations are declining. As part of a broader strategy and Action Plan, the Government of Vietnam and WWF Vietnam have launched a two-year project to: 1) document relative gear impacts, and geographic hotspots , for...
An industry group has proposed a novel mechanism for management of the multispecies groundfish fishery off the northeastern United States. Under this mechanism, individual harvesters would be allocated a budget of points, to be expended landing fish. A regulatory body will set different prices, denominated in points, for landing each...
Sustainable aquaculture can be achieved when risk and uncertainly are incorporated in the analysis of the activity. This paper presents a precautionary approach to the feasibility analysis of a project for a commercial hatchery, applying decision theory. Two production scenarios were assessed, continuous and periodic, the later a combination of...
Recent work in the domain of fisheries ecology has shown that major changes are occurring in fish
communities exploited by commercial fisheries. Selective fishing pressure on more highly valued
components of fish communities, and its indirect effects via trophic interactions, are amongst the key
factors proposed to explain these changes....
Interest in ecosystem-based management or the ecosystem-based approach
to fisheries management has rapidly increased on a global basis. Most
options for ecosystem-based management have emphasized some type of
biological and natural conservation or non-use, and minimal attention has
been given to assessing the social and economic ramifications of
ecosystem-based management....
Australian governments spend millions of dollars each year on pre-border, border and post-border biosecurity programs. The majority of these programs are resourced through existing deeds of agreement, but some currently fall outside of these funding frameworks. Frameworks not based on economic principles have the potential to deliver sub-optimal outcomes with...
Production data from the red grouper fishery, Mexico, were analyzed to determine the production function. Three different models were tested in cross-sectional data from the period 1988 to 2014. The data were collected from the logbooks provided by skippers. Number of fishermen (crew) per trip varied from 3 to 15,...
Existing research on the effectiveness of marine protected areas narrowly focuses on developing sets of management
indicators tied to outcomes described in management plans or on the achievement of a single objective such as an
increase in the size or number of older, more fecund female fish in a protected...
Pelagic fish stocks are subject to fluctuations that are driven by climate change, overfishing and changes in market conditions. The fluctuating nature of pelagic fisheries creates uncertainties in fishers’ income, thereby adversely affecting their livelihoods. The aim of this contribution is to reduce the risk and vulnerability fishers face by...
Algal beds are a key component of coastal ecosystems. In terms of inshore fisheries, algal beds are important as: spawning grounds for fishes; habitats for fry; and sources of small prey animals for fishes. To maintain robust fish catches, it is considered worthwhile to maintain the functions of algal beds,...
Throughout the Indo-Pacific region, communities are increasingly
empowered with the ability and responsibility of working with national
governments to make decisions about their marine resources. In some
instances, co-management arrangements have been successful at
conserving marine resources by developing locally appropriate rules to
limit overexploitation. These examples have often prompted...
Background: Fish are an important part of a well-balanced diet as it contains high quality proteins, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to play an important role in human health. Consumption of fish, however, is the primary route of exposure to methylmercury in humans. A quantitative risk-benefit...
Dominant models of harvester behavior typically focus on where or when harvesters allocate their effort within a fishery, adjusting effort on the intensive margin in response to fishing conditions and management. However, many harvesters participate in multiple fisheries during a year, and thus a major consequence of management change is...
Nearly 75% of the stocks in the waters of the European Union are overused. Therefore, recovery programs
are both necessary and urgent. However, the decisions made by the fisheries ministers rather seem
to prolong the overuse situation instead of putting an end to it.
From an overall perspective, it would...
In this paper we define the regulatory structure of the New Zealand Quota Management System (QMS) and document key changes in its operation over time. We document the relevant legislation that affected the quota market from the Fisheries Act 1983 forward. We describe how the QMS operates in New Zealand...
The aquaculture sector is uniquely placed to complement production from the stagnating capture fisheries sector and it has advantages in terms of controllable production characteristics. However, aquaculture poses undeniable economic, environmental and social challenges that may be poorly evaluated or inadequately addressed within current policy frameworks. In such cases, the...
The Florida reef ecosystem is a highly valuable resource managed by multiple federal and state agencies with many stakeholders. Over half of the $75 million annual dockside value of finfish landings in Florida is comprised of snappers and groupers, but this resource is threatened by overfishing. Current management strategies include...
Fishing is the most dangerous job in the United States. When fisheries management creates the incentive to "race for fish", a fishing season can be reduced to only a few days and involve around-the-clock fishing in life-threatening weather conditions. Overloaded vessels, ignoring maintenance problems on vessels, and fishing in dangerous...
In an open fishery, the competition for the limited fish stock can lead fishermen to a ``race for fish" with sub-optimally high capital investments. Buyback programs to reduce excess capacity in national fisheries have been often used, but seldom successful. Where they have successfully reduced excess capacity, the programs have...
Combinations of 7 remarkably similar factors have led to the (partial)
failure of recent efforts to address five global or national crises. The paper
analyzes the global financial crisis, climate change, the US health care
crisis, the blue fin tuna collapse in the Atlantic Ocean and the collapse of
fish...
In 1996, the US New England Fishery Management Council formed a
technical team (PDT) to develop a new plan for Atlantic Herring (Clupea
harengus harengus). The inshore stock was close to fully exploited while
the offshore stock was underexploited. There were few full-time herring
harvesters and very few processors. Fresh...
Unfortunately, most of the stocks are damaged by natural disasters or human activities and rebuilding the
stock are urgent requirements. Until now, in the stock management, some policies are commonly believed
to valid but have not been confirmed. A simulation model of the population dynamics incorporating
uncertainty has been already...
A balanced development between economic activities and environmental concern are profound in public and emphasized by the government policy. It is especially so with the change in working policy, thus the increase in leisure time for Eco-tourism. All along, fishing industry and marine based tourism have been major industries in...
It is widely accepted that in sea bottom areas where there is a scarcity of rocky formations and declining marine fish due to fisheries pressure, the deployment of artificial reefs (ARs) is a possible way to mitigate the problem. If ARs have an ecosystem-based fisheries management goal that means their...
Indian Ocean Tuna fisheries after a rapid development period from
seventies to the end of the last century are faced with challenges including:
the fishing capacity control, the profitability improvement, and the
limitation of impacts on high seas biodiversity. In this area, tuna species
are exploited by coastal states as...
Earlier this year a White Paper from the Norwegian Minister of the Environment presented a new, holistic, area-based management plan for the Norwegian part of the Barents Sea, including the Fishery protection zone around Svalbard. The plan will provide guidelines for managing human activities in relation to their use and...
Eco-labeling has been touted as a way for consumer preferences for environmentally benign products to be transmitted in markets. The label, as the argument goes, provides information to consumers who may then pay a price premium for the labeled products. Producers view demand for the eco-labeled products as quality differentiated...
To ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks, the 1995 United
Nations Fish Stock Agreement calls for the establishment of regional fisheries management organizations
to manage such stocks. This paper studies the potential for cooperation in straddling stock fisheries when
the cooperative coalition of countries acts...
In this paper we analyse different econometric procedures of technical efficiency to estimate fishing capacity. These procedures are then applied to the purse seine fishery located in the Gulf of Cádiz. The target species of this fishery has changed quite a lot over the past few years. It used to...
Since the collapse of the Newfoundland groundfishery in 1992, the snow crab fishery has become Newfoundland’s largest fishery, accounting for approximately half the value of total landings. This study uses trip log data to estimate the production frontier and the technical efficiency of this fishery using a Stochastic Frontier Analysis...
Marine scientists and stakeholders are increasingly advocating ecosystembased
fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize
such EBFM remains controversial. The viability approach can be a relevant
modelling framework for EBFM as it accounts for dynamic complexities,
uncertainties, risks and sustainability objectives balancing ecological,
economic and social dimensions together with...
An investigation was carried out on Lake Geriyo in the month of April to know the pattern of
fish exploitation. The fish species sampled were mainly by using canoes as they were landed at
the landing site of the lake. A total of fourteen (14) species of thirteen (13) families...
After joining the WTO, easier access to Taiwanese market due to tariff reductions and deregulation of import restriction is expected to have substantial impacts on the fishery sector in Taiwan. Comparing to the tariff rates in 2001, the average tariff rates of fishery products will decrease 35.5%, in 2004. Especially,...
A study was conducted to understand current practices of commercially important marine fish marketing systems in the Patuakhali area of southern Bangladesh. A total of ten commercially important marine fish were identified such as: 1) hilsa, 2) pomfret, 3) marine catfish, 4) tuna, 5) coral fish, 6) marine eel, 7)...
Vietnam’s marine fisheries are in need of knowledge-based management. This necessitates the establishment of
reliable indicators, which in turn entails a good data collecting and processing system. To bridge the gap between
specific requirements for fisheries policy development and the limited resources available, we have conducted a
study on costs...
Vietnam’s policy is to shift the fishing pressure from onshore to offshore water since the coastal resource has been overexploited, and a programme for investing in offshore vessels has thus been implemented since 1997. The question raised is whether the offshore fishing fleet is profitable and efficient or not? This...
Self-management has been recognized as important in successfully governing the common pool resources. This is no exception in fishery. Fishery cooperatives, where fishermen collectively manage the fishery, are garnering much attention from both regulators and academics. In this study, we aim to empirically disentangle the efficiency mechanism of pooling system....
This study is part of the research program on theme Post Harvest Management Strategy of Supply Chain For Thai Shrimp Products currently supported by the Department of Fisheries (DOF) and Post Harvest Technology Institution (PHT), Chiangmai University (CMU). That focuses on the cost efficiencies of 51 shrimp processing plants under...
In most of the coastal countries, the fisheries enable to satisfy multiple socio-economic needs such as food safety, public receipts, employment and so on. It is especially true in many coastal developing countries where fisheries constitute a considerable source of food and incomes. However, the strong pressure on the fisheries...
40 years ago the Atlanto-Scandian herring stock collapsed with severe consequences for Iceland´s monotonic economy at that time. Two years ago the international credit crisis brought the country´s largest banks to insolvency, which shocked the whole economy with butterfly effects in neighbouring countries. The paper begins with an overview of...