The feeding habits of the lanternfishes Tarletonbeania crenularis, Diaphus theta and Stenobrachius leucopsarus were studied by analyzing 1,735 stomachs from 54 collections from the slope waters off Newport, Oregon. Forty-one taxa of food items were identified. Euphausiids
(Euphausia pacifica), copepods (Calanus spp. and Metridia lucens) and amphipods (Parathemisto pacifica) were...
Phosphate, silicate and nitrate concentrations in the sea off
the coast of Oregon were determined to study their seasonal distribution
patterns. The water samples were collected monthly along the
east-west hydrographic line off Newport, Oregon, from the shore to
165 miles (310 km) offshore. The samples were analyzed by both...
Moored instrument records, drogue displacements, and hydrographic
observations are used in describing the coastal currents and
upwelling off Peru. The data were obtained over the continental shelf
near 15°S. during a two week study in late March and early April of
1969.
First order statistics and graphical representations of current...
Data from the Surveyor 1968 Spring cruise were used to study
the vertical distribution of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen,
apparent oxygen utilization, pH, alkalinity, specific alkalinity and
percent saturation of calcite in two sections, one along 162°W from
35°N to 45°N and the other along 180°W from 35°N to 50°N....
The effectiveness of the passive anti-roll tank system aboard
the R/V YAQUINA was determined. Measurements of ship roll,
effective waveslope and tank water transfer were analyzed using a
systems analysis technique. Time series of the inputs and outputs of
the ship/tank system and of the tank itself were processed using...
The nature and magnitude of experimental errors due to ⁶⁵Zn
adsorption by inorganic surfaces was examined in a laboratory system
designed to measure ⁶⁵Zn uptake by marine phytoplankton. In the pH
range, 6.3±.1 to 7.5±.1, a precipitate formed in the algal nutrient
medium selected for the system. To this seawater-base...
The sea as a dynamic conducting medium interacts continually
with the earth' s magnetic field. The physical principles underlying
this interaction are reviewed. These results are applied to the
particular problem of towed electrodes at the sea surface. Data
using this method are then shown to be sensitive to stability...
Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson) was obtained from six stations
at depths of 100 to 1260 m on the continental shelf and upper slope off
Newport, Oregon.
Ages and growth rates of A. fragilis were determined by two
methods: 1) A procedure was developed to make growth zones of the
skeletal test...
The continental margin off southern Oregon, which includes the
shelf and slope from Cape Blanco to the Oregon-California border,
exhibits a distinctive marginal-plateau structural pattern which divides
the margin into the continental shelf, the upper continental slope and
its associated benches, and the lower continental slope. Lutum transport
and deposition...
Nitrate reductase is known to be the enzyme regulating the
reduction of nitrate to nitrite in plants. This reduction is the first
and rate-limiting step in the transformation of inorganic nitrate to
a cellular nitrogen form. Since this reduction process is essential
to phytoplankton growth when nitrate is the only...
Measurements of the fluctuations of humidity, temperature
and velocity were made in the marine boundary layer. The humidity
fluctuations were measured with a Lyman-alpha humidiometer.
Temperature fluctuations were measured with a dry thermocouple
and a platinum resistance thermometer. Velocity fluctuations were
measured with a three component sonic anemometer. These measurements...
Plankton samples for this present study were collected from an
area off the southern Oregon coast, extending westward to about 83
kilometers offshore. Over this sampling area, 41 species of adult
copepods were identified, including representatives of 26 genera and
17 families. The total abundance averaged 550/m³.
Population densities of...
Illite, chlorite, montmorillonite and kaolinite, as well as
natural marine sediments and mixtures of the standards were subjected
to density separation by centrifugation in a linear heavy-liquid
gradient.
The density layers yielded by centrifugation were recovered
and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Separates were not monomineralic
but rather were polymineralic usually...
The specific activity of ⁶⁵Zn (nanocuries ⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn)
was determined in various organs of the common coastal mussel,
Mytilus californianus Conrad, collected from six locations along
the Pacific Coast. These organs included the gills, mantle, foot,
reproductive organs, adductor muscle, and viscera. After ashing
and dissolving with nitric acid...
Current observations were obtained at three locations forming
a cross section along 70°34'W longitude in Long Island Sound. Fifteen
days of data were selected from each series so that nearly
simultaneous observations were used in the analysis.
Elementary statistics were computed for the data prior to
performing a least squares...
Of the common adult lanternfishes found off Oregon, two
species have fat-invested swimbladders (Stenobrachius
leucopsarus Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890 and Stenobrachius
nannochir Gilbert 1891), two species have reduced swimbladders
(Lampanyctus ritteri Gilbert 1915 and Lampanyctus galis
Gilbert 1891), two species have gas-filled swimbladders
((Protomyctophum thomp soni (Chapman 1944)) and (Protomyctophum...
Bacteria were isolated from water at Alder Slough, Oregon. Of
15 isolates grown successfully in the medium employed, 100% showed
measurable uptake of Zn-65. A growth curve was established for one
isolate, a gram-negative rod designated AS-1. Increasing Zn-65 uptake
was found generally to correspond with increasing growth of
AS-1....
The data recorded between March 3, 1969, and October 31, 1969,
by a wind gauge installed at the South Jetty, Newport, Oregon, were
analyzed. The components of each observation were treated as if they
were an independent, normal, bivariate distribution and standard
statistical procedures were applied. It was found that...
Fourier techniques have recently become popular for the
description of underwater image transmission. Two properties
necessary for the application of Fourier techniques to any system
are those of linearity and invariance. This work describes a
laboratory investigation of these properties for a variety of
aqueous media. The hypothesis is found...
A three component drag probe has been built, calibrated, and
used to measure velocities beneath deep water ocean waves and
turbulence in a tidal channel. Simple variable inductance devices
which may be submerged in water were used as displacement transducers
and the associated electronics provided voltage outputs which
were proportional...
This thesis demonstrates that at low frequencies (periods longer
than 2.5 days) local currents off the coast of Oregon are closely
related to the wind. Wind and current observations made during
August and September 1969 are described and compared to demonstrate
that a relationship exists; the physics of the interaction...
Techniques for computing gravity anomalies by multipole expansions
obtained from surface integrals and volume integrals are derived
together with a vertical line element method. The results are
compared with exact calculation for right rectangular prisms and
right circular cylinders and the effects of block size and separation
between the field...
Magnetic, gravity and bathymetry data were collected on an extended
cruise of the R/V Yaquina in 1969. The last set of data was obtained
from those track lines leaving the Panama Basin. The area
covered is mainly the Cocos plate (Molnar and Sykes, 1969). The data
is analyzed and compared...
This thesis involves the interpretation of gravity and other
potential field anomalies caused by layers of varying thickness. The
partial differential equations of potential field theory are reviewed for
gravitational and magnetic force fields. A similar review is carried
out for steady-state heat transport and diffusion processes. For the
gravitational...
The nearshore zone at Newport, Oregon was studied during the
period September, 1968 to August, 1969. Particular emphasis was
placed on those physical factors affecting the distribution of pulp mill
wastes discharged within the study area (referred to as Yaquina Bight
in this thesis). Temperatures and seawater samples were obtained...
Wind speed data were taken at a weather station on the coast
and horizontal wind speed energy spectra were computed. The shape
of an average spectrum obtained in marine environment is compared
with an average land spectrum and the presence of a spectral gap is
observed in the shoreline spectrum....
The results of measurements of the fluxes of momentum, moisture and sensible heat in the marine boundary layer are described.
Two techniques for obtaining the fluxes are discussed. The fluxes
of these quantities are most directly obtained by the eddy correlation
method, that is, by measuring the fluctuating vertical and...
Many sediments, including the fine-grained pelagic deposits,
possess polymodal grain size distributions. Resolution of individual
modes show them to be related either to compositional fractions or to
depositional processes or both, and sometimes permits the tracing
of dispersal patterns. The Cahn sedimentation balance provides a
means of obtaining continuous cumulative...
The motions of a small spar buoy were measured in deep water.
The measured variables were two buoy tilts, three accelerations, two
wave slopes and the wave height. The variables were corrected for
buoy motion and rotated to stationary coordinates, Fast Fourier
Transformed, and analyzed spectrally. Analysis included power
spectra,...
Several series of measurements of the hydrography, currents,
and winds during the past ten years are used as a basis for an overview
of the physical oceanography and meteorology during the
upwelling season near Newport, Oregon. Data are described using
elementary statistics, progressive vector diagrams, coordinate system
independent spectra, and...
Sea level and current observations made over the Oregon
continental shelf exhibit wavelike characteristics in a frequency band
from approximately 0.15 to 0.45 cpd. In a narrow band around
0.22 cpd the current-sea level relationship is consistent with the
predicted values for the first mode of Robinson's continental shelf
waves....
The distribution of surface sediments on the northern Oregon
continental shell is characterized by a nearshore sandy facies and an
outer shelf muddy facies, separated by a mid-shelf zone of mixed
sand and mud. Currents which have been measured at 130 centimeters
above the bottom indicate that the distribution of...
The life cycle of Callianassa californiensis Dana, 1854, was
studied in the tidal estuary, Yaquina Bay, Oregon. At this latitude
it is largely restricted to intertidal sandy mudflats under predominately
marine influence. Salinity and temperature appear to determine
its distribution to a greater extent than does sediment type.
Vertical movement...
Two thermal convection problems of geophysical interest are
examined, theoretically. First, convection in the earth's mantle is
treated on the basis of a one-dimensional 'strip model'. This model
results from further simplification of the well known 'Rayleigh model'.
For homogeneous, Newtonian fluids, the strip model yields results
similar to those...
Columbia River sediment was irradiated with ultraviolet light to
determine if organic material could be removed without altering the
sorptive properties of the hydrous oxides of iron and manganese.
A laboratory preparation of Zn-65 spiked hydrous ferric oxide
was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation in order to assess the photochemical
effect...
This study examines the seasonal variability in temperature and
salinity of the nearshore waters off Oregon and Northern California.
Specifically, temperature and salinity variations during summer and
winter were ana1yzed from data gathered at shore stations along the
coast and from hydrographic data collected within 25 nautical miles
of shore....
The distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South
Pacific has been examined using a model of horizontal advection,
along the Sigma-t surface 27.10, with three point vertical mixing.
The core of the Antarctic Intermediate Water mass was traced
from the Antarctic Convergence northward. The charts used to
describe the...
Seismic refraction measurements along two unreversed lines
indicate that the earth's crust is 26 km thick in southeastern Alaska
and 30 km thick along the Inside Passage of British Columbia. The
crust in southeastern Alaska, north of Dixon Entrance, consists of
a layer 9 km thick with a seismic velocity...
This study examined the foraminifera and the ecologic conditions
of the benthic environment of the Oregon shelf and the uppermost slope
(75-550 m depth) between 143°45' N and 144°40' N. Seasonal collections
monitored the near-bottom marine environment and the sedimentary
substrate at 16 stations. The foraminiferal benthic fauna was
examined...
Hydrographic and bathythermograph data taken off the Oregon
coast during a two week period in August of 1969 were analyzed to
determine if heat content and mixed layer depth may be used as
indicators of Columbia River plume water.
Heat content was found to be a poor indicator of plume...
Phytoplankton dynamics in Auke Bay, Alaska, were studied during
summer, 1969. Nitrate, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon,
phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition and hydrographic
and meteorological data were collected and analyzed.
Nitrate input into Auke Bay through freshwater runoff was negligible.
A bloom of Thalassiosira aestivalis formed the spring bloom...
Heavy minerals can contain potentially economic amounts of
metals as both matrix and trace constituents. Such minerals appear
as unconsolidated black sands on the continental shelf off southwest
Oregon and along the Oregon coast. Two diverse energies are considered in this investigation. Environmental energy of the depositional
regimen, Part I;...
Surveyor Deep-Sea Channel extends for approximately 700 km
over the northern Alaskan Abyssal Plain. It originates near the base
of the continental slope opposite Dry Bay and Alsek Strath and terminates
in the Aleutian Trench south of Kodiak Island. East of Giacomini
Seamount, the axial gradient of the channel is...
Quartz is an ubiquitous component of marine sediments. Textural
characteristics of this component reflect the dynamics of its transport
and at the same time are indicative of its source.
Quartz may be extracted from marine sediments by means of a
sodium pyrosulfate fusion and hydrofluosilicic acid dissolution without
significantly modifying...
Observations were made of salinity, temperature, nitrate +
nitrite, phosphate, silicate, total available nitrogen, and chlorophyll
a in nine areas of the Alaskan Inside Passage during April of 1971.
In general all properties indicated the water to be well mixed throughout
this area. The conservative properties were particularly uniform.
The...
The concentrations of calcite, opal and quartz have been measured in 113 South Atlantic core tops. The remainder of the total sample has been calculated as clay. A method for the quantitative determination of opal has been developed.
Calcite is the dominant factor in South Atlantic sediments; its pattern can...
The stoichiometric model of organic decomposition in seawater
(Redfield, Ketchum, and Richards, 1963) was used to describe the
oceanic distribution of total carbon dioxide. It was assumed that the
concentration of total carbon dioxide was the sum of three terms:
(1) the initial concentration of carbon dioxide, (2) the increase...
Physical sources of nutrient nitrogen for the Auke Bay, Alaska
estuarine ecosystem were investigated. These sources included
vertical dispersion, advection, and fresh water sources. Hydrographic
circulation patterns for the bay, and a nutrient budget for
the surface mixed layer were developed.
Measurements of temperature, salinity, currents, wind
velocity, rainfall and...
Hydrographic, tidal, and meteorological data collected near
Newport, Oregon, were analyzed to determine the relative contributions
of temperature, salinity, and air pressure variations to the
recorded departures of sea level from mean sea level.
Nearshore the steric and recorded sea levels exhibited a
similar seasonal oscillation, with high sea levels...
Dissolved oxygen profiles made with an in situ polarographic
device reveal structure in the form of inversions and gradient
changes in the 100-600 meter depth zone off Oregon. Inversions
10-70 meters thick are traced over distances of 40 miles in some
cases and are bracketed by a distance of 8...
The objective of this study was to ascertain the magnitude and
distribution of rainfall over coastal waters of the northwestern United
States and to compare values with those at nearby land stations.
Precipitation was measured with gauges at Totem, rainfall amounts
were assessed from weather reports at lightships off the...
To provide further information on the occurrence and geographical
variations of bioluminescent capabilities of marine dinoflagellates,
forty species, representing twelve genera, of dinoflagellates
from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, were examined for bioluminescence as
single cell isolates. Seventeen species from the genera Ceratium
(1 sp.), Gonyaulax (3 sp.), and Peridinium (13 sp.)...
The abundance and distribution of biogenic, terrigenous and
volcanic particles in the Panama Basin are markedly dependent on
bottom topography and dissolution of calcite in the deeper parts of the
basin. Of the coarse fraction (>62μ), foraminiferal tests and acidic
volcanic glass shards are concentrated on the Cocos and Carnegie...
An inexpensive method for calibrating an infrared analyzer to measure varying ranges of carbon dioxide partial pressures (Pco₂) is described. A discussion is made of the hydrographic (temperature, salinity, and sigma-t) and chemical (dissolved oxygen, AOU, Pco₂ pH, and nutrients) variables that were observed along the Newport hydrographic line in...
The present work is an attempt to correlate information collected in the northern part of Chile with the anchoveta distribution and its fluctuation. This information was collected over a three year period (November 1967 to November 1970) by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Chile (IFOP). The first and second part...
The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid were
determined as functions of temperature and salinity in seawater
at atmospheric pressure.
There is fair agreement between my values of K'₁ and those
of Buch et al. (1932), Lyman (1956), and Hansson (1971). My values,
on the average, are 6.7% lower than...
The fall-winter surface current field off Oregon was determined by analysis of ten years of drift bottle data. Computer programs were developed for generating bottle tracks on a numerical grid, for interpolating bottle velocity components to fill void grid points and for smoothing irregularities in the velocity fields. Charts are...
This study is an investigation of the endogenous, or internal,
rhythms of activity in the ocean shrimp, Pandalus jordani, Groups
of shrimp were kept in constant light and temperature conditions in
the laboratory, and activity was monitored visually and with infrared
photography. Other groups of animals were exposed to 24-hour...
In this study methods were developed for the prediction of wave
conditions that are hazardous to navigation at river entrances, with
emphasis on applicability to the Columbia River. There are two basic
components to the prediction system: (1) a semi-automated spectral
method for forecasting the significant height and average period...
Theoretical breaking criteria for progressive surface gravity
waves are examined, and laboratory and field experiments concerned
with breaking waves are reviewed with respect to the testing of these
breaking criteria. The measurements of Komar and Simmons are
presented here for the first time. Only three theoretical breaking
criteria have been...
Batch cultures of Skeletonema costatum were grown under continual
light saturation, with nitrogen nutrients in limiting concentrations.
Population parameters measured included ¹⁴C uptake,
chlorophyll a, particulate carbon and nitrogen, and ammonia, nitrate,
and nitrite, concentrations.
A method was developed for measuring cellular nutrient reservoirs
in laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton....
The problem of downward continuation of potential fields is
being considered. The basic approach involves computation in real
space using a power series expansion. The computation of the derivatives
required for evaluating the series is carried out on the basis of
two approximation methods, viz. (1) polynomial method, and
(2)...
A total of 57 core top samples from the Panama Basin were
used in a quantitative study of complete radiolarian thanatocoenoses
to determine whether surface oceanographic conditions are reflected
in the microplankton faunas deposited onto and buried in the sea floor.
Information obtained from this study was used to resolve...
Examination of polished sections of manganese micronodules
from metalliferous sediments from the Bauer Deep reveals sequences
of ferromanganese deposition which are consistent for micronodules
from a single sediment sample and imply a common depositional
history for members of such assemblages. The relatively simple
'stratigraphy' of manganese micronodules, as compared to...
The wind field measured during Project JASIN 1972, a joint
British-American venture during September 1972, was analyzed.
These measurements were done, with equipment manufactured by
Ivar Aanderaa of Bergen, Norway, on large, anchored toroid buoys.
The results of the analysis of the wind field, which included
divergence and vorticity estimates...
An attempt has been made to experimentally interbreed Atlantic
and Pacific populations of the marine calanoid copepod Acartia clausi
Giesbrecht. Breeding between individuals from each population produced many successive generations in the laboratory, but interbreeding between populations failed to produce viable offspring. This result
is strong evidence that the Atlantic...
A chemostatic system was developed for the long term studies
of population dynamics of chain forming diatoms. Vessel volume
rather than flow rate was varied in these systems to obtain different
growth rates at steady state in systems with an equal capacity to
produce.
Population level responses to high dilution...
Direct measurements of vertical water motions were made in
the Oregon coastal region during the 1972 summer upwelling season.
The instruments used were the Webb-Voorhis vertical current meters
which are freely drifting neutrally buoyant floats capable of sensing
vertical motion. It was found that in the region studied, water tended...
Cores taken from the ridge areas of the Gorda-Juan de Fuca
plate have a sedimentation rate that is appropriate for the study of
late Quaternary stratigraphy. An analysis of the clay and silt
mineralogy of the cores using X-ray diffraction methods and by
noting changes in the foraminiferan-radiolarian abundances in...
An experiment was conducted in which a three component drag probe was used to measure the three directional components of turbulent velocity. While velocity measurements were being made, water samples were taken and analyzed for salinity and suspended particulate matter. Three dimensional energy spectra were computed from the velocity records...
This study of the immediate, localized effects of a small dredging
operation on the benthic invertebrate community in the shipping
channel of Coos Bay, Oregon, was designed: 1) to measure the extent
of the physical removal of benthic macro- and meiofauna by hopper
dredging; 2) to record the subsequent benthic...
Major (Fe, Mn, Al) and minor (Cr, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cd) element
analyses of metalliferous sediments in cores from the East Pacific
Rise and Bauer Deep indicate that the Bauer Deep sediments are
similar in chemistry and origin to metalliferous sediments of the
East Pacific Rises.
Fe, Pb, and Zn...
A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray tracing to produce theoretical wide-angle reflection profiles for hypothetical crustal sections, and (3) the iterative adjustment of crustal layer dip, thickness...
Observations of wind, currents, sea level and hydrography
obtained during the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE-I) are
described. Only phenomena with periods longer than a day are considered.
One section describes the changes observed during a period
of variable winds in early July 1972. Another describes a ribbon of
relatively...
The assumption of constant quartz accumulation for the deep-sea
sediment core Y69-106P, taken in the Panama Basin, has been
used to date the core and construct a sedimentation rate versus time
curve for it. Stratigraphic control for the calculated time scale
includes three carbon-14 measurements, the extinction of the
radiolarian...
In order to quantitatively examine the crustal structure of the
Panama Basin without the benefit of local seismic refraction data, the
following assumptions were made: (1) No significant lateral changes
in density take place below a depth of 50 km. (2) The densities of the
crustal layers are those of...
The opening of the South Atlantic between 140 and 90 m. y. B. P.
occurred about two poles of rotation. The initial pole of rotation was
maintained until Africa and South America were completely separated.
The subsequent removal of restraints imposed by the pre-existing
structure of Africa and South America...