Hydrographic and optical measurements were made in situ in the Congo River and the Angola Basin during May 1978. These measurements were made by members of the optical oceanography group at Oregon State University in cooperation with scientists from the Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. The data taken by the...
This report contains the data gathered at Ocean Station "P" in late June and early July of 1971 on the "SUBARCTIC-A" cruise of R/V YAQUINA. The data include: 1) temperature, salinity, and oxygen profiles; 2) estimates of zooplankton displacement volumes at different depths; and 3) estimates of the numerical density...
This book is an environmental primer for the people of the Willamette Valley. It sets forth basic principles showing how men's actions cause future consequences in the environment.
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of the...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This report is one of a series prepared by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) which summarizes the physical and biological data for selected Oregon estuaries. The reports are intended to assist coastal planners and resource managers in Oregon in fulfilling the inventory and comprehensive plan requirements of...
This volume is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses estuary and estuarine habitat classification as a basis for resource planning. A hierarchical classification system is presented and suggested as an appropriate system for Oregon estuaries. Part 2 of the report suggests guidelines for estuarine resource inventories, including a list...
While the public trust doctrine at common law placed effective limitations on the Crown, these limitations have been somewhat obscured by state court decisions in the United States. Though some courts have suggested that the public trust places limitations or the power of the legislature to convey lands beneath navigable...
Sometime ago, the Division of State Lands, working with funds provided by the United States Government, under the Emergency Employment Act of 1971, performed a study and analysis of the ownership of submersible lands (tidelands) in each of Oregon's major estuaries. The results of our study are contained in this...
This document includes the mapping of all the major Oregon Estuaries. In addition to the maps there are aerial photographs of each area and information concerning the estuaries.
Agriculture in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, has undergone continual change since the annual migrations of American pioneer farmers began to arrive in the early 1840's. The comparisons of data from each of the agricultural censuses of Oregon counties taken since 1850 confirms that change has been continual. The data revealed...
We designed an experiment to see if turbulence induced by shear instability
could be a mechanism. Using equipment readily available we completed
an experiment from the Ice Island T-3. A sensor array of current meters
and thermistors (described later on) was suspended beneath the sea ice of
Colby Bay, T-3,...
Various methods of presenting and mathematically describing particle
size distribution are explained and evaluated. The hyperbolic
distribution is found to be the most practical but the more complex
characteristic vector analysis is the most sensitive to changes in
the shape of the particle size distributions.
Particle size distribution, nutrient concentrations,...
This report comprises one part of a final report to the Alumax Pacific Aluminwn Corporation on the "Physical, Chemical and Biological Studies of Youngs Bay". The data reported herein are the product of the geochemical baseline section of the project.
The primary objectives of the geochemical study were:
1) to...
The analytical method employed for the Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
project in the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) is described
in detail. The method generally follows that of Menzel and Vaccaro as
modified by several subsequent workers including the GEOSECS group at
Oregon State University which carried out the TOC...
This report presents progress accomplished during the 20-month period from 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1974 as part of the program "Ecological Studies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean". This program is a continuing study supported by the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research...
Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast
approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was
begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit
in the early 1900's. At the outset, the resort appeared to have a
promising future. However, a three-year delay...
This report represents the progress in "Ecological and Radioecological
Studies in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific
Ocean" for the period 1 April 1975 through 31 March 1976. This research
has been supported with funds from the Division of Biomedical and
Environmental Research, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration...
This investigation has been carried out primarily to define the Columbia
River bar crossing problem, to determine the physical factors involved in
hazardous transit developments, and to develop a method for predicting
hazardous bar transit conditions sufficiently in advance to allow proper
safety precautions to be effected.
Actual records of...
A real-time data acquisition/central system has been developed for
environmental monitoring and research. The basic elements of the system
are a large instrumented spar buoy, a computer which controls data acquisition
through a telemetry link and simultaneously files and analyzes the data,
and the investigator who prescribes appropriate sets of...
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the work values of the emotionally disturbed adolescents and to compare these values with those indicated by adolescents
of the same age level from a regular public school. A secondary objective was to compare the work values of the age levels,...
Four formations of the Cretaceous Nanaimo Group crop out on Galiano Island and on Parker and Gossip Islands, nearby. These formations are: early Campanian Geoffrey Formation which encloses a tongue of the Northumberland Formation; early Campanian to late Maestrichtian Spray Formation; and Maestrichtian Gabriola Formation. The stratigraphic succession has a...
The thesis area is located in north-central Oregon approximately 20 km west of the town of Mitchell. The rocks exposed in the area belong to the Clarno Formation. This study supports the informal reclassification of the Clarno to Group status, composed of an Upper and Lower Clarno Formation. An angular...
In 1906, applying Charles Darwin's evolutionary theories to the human race, Sir Francis Galton introduced the concept of eugenics, "the science of the improvement of the human race by better breeding." The rediscovery in 1900 of Mendel's laws of genetic inheritance and an upsurge in hereditarian thought set the stage...
Observations of temperature between 20 and 40 m depth were made with a towed thermistor chain in the North Pacific (50N, 145 W) during the Mixed Layer Experiment (MILE). The chain was usually towed at a speed of 3 m/s around a 20km square on alternate days for a three-week...
Reliable estimates of plant biomass and leaf surface area are essential for studying primary production, nutrient cycling, hydrology, wildlife management, and fire. This paper presents equations that can be used to make such estimates for most plant species-trees, shrubs, and herbs-dominant in western and central Oregon.' We also document the...
Growth was assessed for Douglasfir reproduction which had established naturally beneath three intensities of overstory thinning in a 65-year-old stand of Douglas-fir on the east side of the Oregon Coast Range. The age of advanced reproduction ranged from 4 to 15 years. Understory environments were described in terms of sunlight,...
The response of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) to two methods of site preparation for planting was compared. One site was cleared of mature brush by the "brown-crush-and-burn" method. The other was partially cleared by spraying with herbicides. Seedlings lifted and planted in December, January, February, and April were...
Stands of brush and tree species of low commercial value dominate many potentially productive forest lands in western Oregon. Site preparation to reduce competition from such vegetation will improve the success of reforestation efforts, as well as reduce the cost of controlling small mammals that destroy seeds and seedlings. Site...
Eight series of untreated posts (including five series of steel), 18 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and II series of pressure-treated posts remain in test at the Oregon State University post farm in western Oregon. So far all posts have failed in 36 untreated series, 33 nonpressure-treated series, and 2 pressure-treated...
Monitoring soil density on three sites during repeated trips with a high-speed skidder showed that: During the first 20 trips, soil density primarily increased between depths of 2 to 4 inches; Density increased most during the first few trips; Density continued to increase slowly in amount and depth with the...
A technique for solving efficiently the catenary problem encountered in surveying with tapes is presented. The theory of the catenary solution is outlined, and our technique is shown to solve correctly the catenary for all conditions. Analysis of error that compared the catenary correction to the more commonly used parabolic...
In recent years, a great deal of research in North America has been directed toward refining methods of assessing the load-carrying capability of skyline systems. Little effort has been directed, however, toward field measurement of cable tensions for skyline logging systems to facilitate initial tensioning of unloaded skylines or to...
Yarding delays add significantly to the time and cost required to obtain a given quantity
of timber. In this study, they increased total yarding time by as much as 28 percent. As yarding system complexity increases, the frequency of delays can also be expected to increase. For one balloon yarding...
Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been...
Energy is extremely important to all societies-but especially important to industrial societies. A characteristic of an industrial society is its enormous consumption of energy. Only in the past few years has there been a broad general concern about energy cost and supply. When petroleum prices increased by a factor of...
This bibliography lists selected references useful to the forester in managing young forests in the Douglas-fir region. The references pertain to those management activities that are carried on in the forest from stand regeneration until final harvest. Emphasis is on silvicultural, operational, and economic aspects of management, but social and...
Joints were fabricated from different combinations of untreated and fire-retardant- treated (FRT) Douglas-fir dimension lumber and 3/8-inch plywood. Eight types of fasteners and three fire-retardant treatments were tested. Joint specimens were exposed 2 and 7 years in cold, standard, and warm-humid conditions, then tested in lateral bearing. Best overall performance...
Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Dougl., could have greater commercial use, but information on its drying properties is lacking. All oaks are difficult to dry, and the initial kiln conditions are important to prevent excessive surface checking and honeycombing. This study illustrated that a maximum dry-bulb temperature of 110 F...
Urbanites who own forest land belong to a larger category of owners often referred to as small woodland owners. As a group, small woodland owners have been the subject of much investigation. Little research, however, has focused specifically on urban-dwelling owners who, as defined by the Census Bureau, live in...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is one of the world's most important and valuable timber trees. Its natural distribution in North America resembles an inverted V with uneven sides. From the apex in British Columbia, the western half extends along the Pacific mountain ranges into California for about 2,200 km...
Among the many products of Oregon's forests are poles and piling. These products form the basis of an industry with distinctive manufacturing and marketing processes. Based on information collected through interviews with officials of the pole and piling industry, this report describes characteristics of the industry-its major markets, marketing procedures,...
Some of the world's most productive timberland lies on the slopes of the coastal range in Oregon and Washington. More than one-half of the commercial forest land in that area is estimated as high site quality for Douglas-fir, with a site index of 140 or better. But much of this...
The steadily increasing costs of raw materials, of the treated products, and of their replacement in service, as well as the steadily shrinking supply of preferred species, prompted a forum at Oregon State University on May 15, 1973 "to encourage the use of western hemlock and western fuss for poles...
Data collected from permanent sample plots at medium and high elevations in Oregon's coastal forest clearly indicate that snow damage adversely influences stand development. Sapling stands of western hemlock and Douglas-fir were subjected to severe snow damage above 1,000 feet in the early parts of 1965 and 1966 and above...
Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in 1963 near Burnt Woods, Oregon, on land covered with grass, salal, or bracken to test the effects of terracing on regeneration. After 9 years, survival was best (about 95 percent) among seedlings machine-planted along the centers of the terraces and was better on south than...
Fifteen large glued-laminated beams made from visually graded hem-fir lumber were designed, fabricated, and tested to failure in static bending. When tested, the beams had an average moisture content of 7.5 percent. The beams were 40 feet long, 5 1/8 inches wide and 24 inches deep. Before laminating, individual pieces...
Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not have high potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more...
How much do we know about the environment of a tree seedling? How often are our
regeneration practices doing an effective job of improving habitat enough to make the
difference in forest establishment? Environmental research, and manipulation techniques, have
received intensive emphasis in recent years. Much is known about the...
During clearcut logging, complete removal of the forest canopy and the shade it provides
to small streams can cause large increases in water temperature. Such increases in temperature can be prevented if buffer strips of vegetation are left along the stream to provide shade. The purposes of this paper are...
Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California...
The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24...
Considerable interest has arisen in the relation between timber-selling procedures and the accomplishment of timber-selling objectives on public lands in the West. Procedures of public agencies for measuring and paying for timber by log scale or by lump sum have attracted special attention. There are significant differences in the two...
The forest-products industries are most important to the state of Oregon. Oregon leads the nation in the production of plywood, lumber, and particle board. More than half of softwood plywood production in the United States came from Oregon at the time of this survey, and more than a fifth of...
This note was prepared to answer the questions most of ten asked by foresters concerned about the porcupine and its control. The literature was reviewed for information on the animal's life history and the extent of damage in other areas. Direct field work reported was done primarily near Medford, Oregon,...
Diatom floral analysis of 116 sediment surface samples obtained off Peru reveals a boundary in the sediments between coastal upwelling influenced sediments and sediments outside the highly productive realm. Sinuous patterns of relative abundance for meroplanktic species (Actinocyclus octonarius, Actinoptychus senarius, and Cyclotella striata/stilorum) may preserve the meander-like patterns of...
"We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies...
Production rates, skidding costs, and soil disturbance were compared for two partial-cut units-one with preplanned skid trails and winching and one conventional unit-harvested with a Caterpillar D-7F. For the unit with preplanned skid trails and winching, production was 11 percent less, and skidding cost per unit volume was 29 percent...
This bibliography represents selected literature pertinent to interaction studies of vegetation-seedling competition in reforestation; it is not a complete review of the scientific literature.
"Control of competing vegetation during establishment is one of the key links in the chain of events leading to a new plantation and, ultimately, a productive forest resource. Experience has repeatedly shown that, without adequate site preparation, reforestation efforts almost inevitably will fail. Vegetation control during the establishment period by...
The Dwight L. Phipps State Forest Nursery at Elkton annually supplies 22 million 2-0
Douglas-fir seedlings to Oregon land managers. Some managers report excellent success in
planting, but others report failures, particularly when planting late in the season. In some
instances poor survival seemed to be related to storage.
Physiological...
Over the continental shelf at 15°S off Peru, sigma-t is a well-defined
function of temperature (Figure 1) and hence temperature alone may be used
to monitor the changes in stratification, to test the thermal wind equation,
and to monitor the hydrographic response to wind events. In this report we
present...
The mesopelagic animals which are most often detected acoustically are those which contain gas bubbles within their bodies. In the waters off the Oregon coast, the most abundant animals which contain gas bubbles are myctophids. Both the size and the shape of the bubble are important to acoustic measurements. This...
The role of synthesis and degradation in controlling enzyme
concentrations was studied.
Concentrations of chloride and arginine were determined for
blood and liver at various stages of development from the embryo to
the 8 day old chicken. The chloride concentrations were used to
obtain the volume of extracellular blood in...
The progress report that follows includes research results ranging
from unproved ideas to scientific papers published during the tenure of
this contract. The end of the contract year finds several facets of our
work in various states of preparation, therefore the reader is cautioned
that all except the published papers...
The anchor-last mooring procedure is investigated in order to determine the transient forces in the mooring line and the velocities of the anchor. Transient forces were determined and the results showed that no severe snap loads occurred for the cases investigated. In addition, it was found that the vertical velocity...
The following progress report presents a summary of the work conducted through January of 1973 as specified in our proposal, "The Develooment of Methods for Studying Physical and Biological Processes in the Nearshore
Zone on the Pacific Coast of the United States," suooorted by the Eugene Water and Electric Board,...
Measurement of plant moisture stress of 1-2 m understory conifers
was made in "reference stands" on the H. J. Andrews Experimental
Forest in 1970-1972. Maximum stress each year (measured between midnight
and dawn) is closely correlated with the position of each community
along one axis of an ordination of the...
Theoretical b:::-eaking criteria for progressive surface gravity waves
are examined, and laboratory and field experiments concerned with breaking waves are reviewed with respect to the testing of these breaking criteria.
The measurements of Komar and Simmons are presented here for the first
time. Only three theoretical breaking criteria have been...
Short-term heating of softwood veneer blocks temporarily softens the wood so that it can be peeled more readily. Heating reduces the depth of lathe checks and the likelihood of splitting and thereby increases the quality and quantity of veneer recovered. The softwood-plywood industry conventionally conditions blocks three ways: steaming blocks...
The authors describe a consistent and theoretically sound methodology for evaluating nonmarket uses of forest resources, particularly those associated with recreation. The analytical methodology is applied to a forest management unit. Present net worth of developed campgrounds and dispersed recreation activities on Oregon State Department of Forestry Lands in 1977...
The data included here were compiled for use in the 1980 Renewable Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment conducted by the U.S. Forest Service. They were used to develop structural equations and relationships comprising the 1980 Timber Assessment Market Model. These data series-covering U.S. demand, U.S. supply, and Canada-span 27 years...
Regression models of height growth and survival were fitted to aggregate data for trees, protected and not protected from animal damage, that had been surveyed on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plantations in Oregon and Washington. Animal damage significantly affected both height and survival. Dynamic programming analysis-using both soil expectation (Se)...
Mammal and bird damage recorded on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plots-randomly established in Oregon and Washington during 1963-64, then observed for 5 to 10 years-was evaluated for impact on survival and growth. In all, 194 plots were installed, and 10 of the 110 seedlings on each plot were caged to...
This report supplements Research Bulletin 18 (1975) of the Forest Research Laboratory, School of Forestry, Oregon State University. Bulletin 18 summarized analyses of data for the first field season of the Pansy Basin Study. This Bulletin extends those analyses to the second, and final, field season. Time-study observations during the...