Measurement of soil hydraulic retention and conduction parameters using tension infiltrometers has been found to be useful but has suffered from unreliable instrument membranes at the soil interface and the need for manual control, which limits the range of boundary conditions that can feasibly be established. An automated design is...
At George Washington University, librarians and faculty have partnered to provide an effective introduction to information literacy to all freshmen. The structure of the new writing program promotes goals that are at the intersection of the Council of Writing Program Administrators and Association of College and Research Libraries. Furthermore, the...
Tag and recovery programs can provide valuable information on population size and exploitation rates in fishes. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are ideal for use in such programs because they provide identification of individual fish and are invisible to anglers, circumventing problems with nonreporting of tags. Our objective was to...
The synthesis of isoindazoles bearing α-ketoester and α-hydroxyester groups via the coarctate cyclization of ester terminated azo-ene-yne precursors is described. Whereas previous studies on isoindazole formation have shown the reaction to proceed through a kinetic coarctate pathway, functionalization of the terminal acetylene with a methyl ester sufficiently stabilizes the carbene...
"... One goal of this document is to synthesize the literature on the effects of mechanical thinning on understory plant species. A second goal is to document the effect of prescribed burning on rare, threatened, or endangered species. We review current literature on studies that address effects of prescribed fire...
The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc. (CUAHSI) began the Hydrologic Measurement Facility (HMF) program in June 2005 to advance hydrologic measurement capability within the research community. To provide guidance for this effort, a recent survey assessed the level of need among the hydrological sciences community...
Although the adverse impact of pathogens on salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest is often discussed and recognized, little is currently known regarding the incidence and corresponding significance of delayed disease-induced mortalities. In the study reported herein, we surveyed the presence and prevalence of selected micro- and macroparasites in out-migrant...
North Atlantic right whales were instrumented with suction-cup mounted, time-depth recorders (TDR) during the summers of 2000 and 2001 to examine their diving and foraging behavior. Simultaneous observations of temperature, salinity and the vertical distribution of their principal prey, Calanus finmarchicus stage 5 copepodites (C5), were obtained alon
g each...
A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period...
Oregon State University has trained paraprofessionals to assign subject headings to theses and dissertations. This article describes the training program for the paraprofessionals and the ongoing support provided by weekly meetings to discuss works that are difficult to analyze. The transition from copy cataloging to subject analysis is a major...
Repeat transects of full-depth density and velocity are used to quantify generation and radiation of the semidiurnal internal tide from Kaena Ridge, Hawaii. A 20-km-long transect was sampled every 3 h using expendable current profilers and the absolute velocity profiler. Phase and amplitude of the baroclinic velocity, pressure, and vertical...
The horizontal and vertical structure of the mean flow and turbulent fluxes are examined using aircraft
observations taken near a barrier island on the east coast of the United States during offshore flow periods. The
spatial structure is strongly influenced by the surface roughness and surface temperature discontinuities at the...
Detailed observations of the structure within internal solitary waves propagating shoreward over Oregon's continental shelf reveal the evolving nature of interfaces as they become unstable and break, creating turbulent flow. A persistent feature is high acoustic backscatter beginning in the vicinity of the wave trough and continuing through its trailing...
Transport and structural properties of Mg-doped and O-intercalated sintered powders and
polycrystalline films of CuSc₁₋ₓMgₓO[subscript 2+y] are reported. Substitution of Mg for Sc systematically
increases the p-type conductivity in CuSc₁₋ₓMgₓO₂ sintered powders, producing a maximum
conductivity of 0.015 S/cm at x≈0.06. A similar level of conductivity is observed in transparent...
The extent of stress and eventual mortality in Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis that resulted from simulated capture by hooking or towing in a net, followed by abrupt exposure to warmer seawater temperature and air, were determined under laboratory conditions. Abrupt exposure to 16degreesC seawater and air after either method of...
Part 1 in this series introduced the reader to Statistical Process Control, and Part 2 provided an overview of how and why SPC works.
Part 3 begins the step-by-step process of building the practical skills
necessary for hands-on implementation of SPC. This report discusses Pareto analysis, a tool we can...
Flowcharts graphically represent the steps in creating a product
or service. The process of creating a chart is often beneficial
because personnel may be unaware of all the “nitty-gritty” details
involved in producing the product. Also, people often are surprised
to learn of the differences between the ideal process flow...
Published July 2000. Reprinted July 2001. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The 4-H Program celebrated its 100th birthday in 2002. Over the course of the past 100 years, 4-H has provided fun and experiential learning opportunities for young people. The knowledge gained in 4-H is intended to help young people develop essential life skills that set the stage for a productive...
Fire suppression has significantly increased canopy cover, litter depth, and stem density in many
western forests, altering microsite conditions that affect tree seedling establishment. We conducted studies in a
mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California, to determine relationships between established understory
trees and microsite quality, and to examine the...
In their recent Canadian Journal of Forest Research Comment 368 article, Wilson and Oliver (2000) developed an equation for predicting the average ratio of height to diameter at breast height for the largest 250 trees/ha (H/DL250) in unthinned stands as a function of initial density and dominant height of the...
Observations, primarily from satellites, have shown a statistical relationship between the surface wind stress and underlying sea surface temperature (SST) on intermediate space and time scales, in many regions inclusive of eastern boundary upwelling current systems. In this paper, this empirical SST–wind stress relationship is utilized to provide a simple...
Revised April 1983. Reprinted January 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
There is a great deal of evidence that altered sphingolipid metabolism is associated with fumonisin-induced
animal diseases including increased apoptotic and oncotic necrosis, and carcinogenesis in
rodent liver and kidney. The biochemical consequences of fumonisin disruption of sphingolipid
metabolism most likely to alter cell regulation are increased free sphingoid bases...
The spectral dependency of the particulate backscattering ratio is relevant in the fields of ocean color inversion, light field modeling, and inferring particle properties from optical measurements. Aside from theoretical predictions for spherical, homogeneous particles, we have very limited knowledge of the actual in situ spectral variability of the particulate...
To directly determine mortality and predation in the endangered western Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus, we deployed implanted, satellite-linked post-mortem data transmitters in 21 juveniles. Data recovered from 4 of 5 detected mortalities exhibited precipitous drops in ambient temperatures followed by immediate onset of transmissions (N = 3), or gradual...
Snowpack base temperatures vary during accumulation and diurnally. Their measurement
provides insight into physical, biological and chemical processes occurring at the snow/soil interface.
Recent advances in Raman-spectra instruments, which use the scattered light in a standard
telecommunications fiber-optic cable to infer absolute temperature along the entire length of the fiber,...
In this study we analyzed the spatial
structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi present in the soils
as resistant propagules (e.g. spores or sclerotia) in
a mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California.
Soils were collected under old-growth Abies spp.
stands across approximately 1 km and bioassayed with
seedlings of hosts that...
Changes in the spatial distribution of U.S. west coast bottom-trawl effort in relation
to areas of prime habitat for rockfish Sebastes spp. were evaluated between 1992 and 2001. Prime trawlable rockfish habitat (PTRH) was defined based on the spatial distribution of high rockfish catches from logbook data for 1992–1995. Bottom-trawl...
This paper was written as a book chapter on the ecology and biology of sage grouse. Because the book was never fully developed, we chose to publish the information with the OSU Agricultural Experiment Station.
Current ocean color sensors, for example SeaWiFS and MODIS, are well suited for sampling the open ocean. However,
coastal environments are spatially and optically more complex and require more frequent sampling and higher spatial
resolution sensors with additional spectral channels. We have conducted experiments with data from Hyperion and
airborne...
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was evaluated as a method for extracting semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) from air sampling media; including quartz fiber filter (QFF), polyurethane foam (PUF), and a polystyrene divinyl benzene copolymer (XAD-2). Hansen solubility parameter plots were used to aid in the PLE solvent selection in order to...
Field trials in four distinct agricultural soils were conducted to examine changes to total recoverable and labile soil Cd and Ni concentrations with applications of commercial phosphate fertilizers. The edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the field plots were analyzed for recoverable Cd and Ni. Total recoverable...
The effects of management on soil carbon efflux in different ecosystems are still largely unknown yet crucial to both our understanding and management of global carbon flux. To compare the effects of common forest management practices on soil carbon cycling, we measured soil respiration rate (SRR) in a mixed-conifer and...
Soil respiration is a major pathway for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems yet little is known about its response to natural and
anthropogenic disturbances. This study examined soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning treatments in an old-growth, mixedconifer
forest on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains....
Soil respiration is a major pathway for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems yet little is known about its response to natural and
anthropogenic disturbances. This study examined soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning treatments in an old-growth, mixed-conifer
forest on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains....
The Teakettle Ecosystem Experiment in the southern Sierra Nevada is using thinning and prescribed
fire to recreate historical stand conditions. As part of Teakettle we assessed pretreatment diversity and density
of the soil arthropod community in 1998 and 2000. We determined the density and diversity of soil microarthropods
among treatment...
Varied observations over Oregon’s continental shelf illustrate the
beauty and complexity of geophysical flows in coastal waters. Rapid, creative, and
sometimes fortuitous sampling from ships and moorings has allowed detailed looks
at boundary layer processes, internal waves (some extremely nonlinear), and coastal
currents, including how they interact. These processes drive...
RNA silencing is an evolutionarily conserved system that
functions as an antiviral mechanism in higher plants and
insects. To counteract RNA silencing, viruses express
silencing suppressors that interfere with both siRNA- and
microRNA-guided silencing pathways. We used comparative
in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyse the molecular
mechanism of...
Although literacy programs in North African countries vary in method, management approach, and in content emphasis, their discourse is strikingly similar: It focuses too often on learners' deficits and considers the condition of these “illiterate” subjects, i.e. persons lacking the 3Rs, as a “disease” against which a war of eradication...
Stem sinuosity is thought to negatively impact wood quality, but no studies have characterized its vertical and radial effects on wood properties. Here we study wood quality along the entire stem in 25-year-old plantation grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees (32 trees total) that had been scored...
Linear disturbance growth is studied in a quasigeostrophic baroclinic channel model with several thousand degrees of freedom. Disturbances to an unstable, nonlinear wave-mean oscillation are analyzed, allowing the comparison of singular vectors and time-dependent normal modes (Floquet vectors). Singular vectors characterize the transient growth of linear disturbances in a specified...
In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), concern about the impacts of climate and land cover change on water resources and flood-generating processes emphasizes the need for a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between forest canopies and hydrologic processes. Detailed measurements during the 1999 and 2000 hydrologic years were used to modify...
In simple models, the nocturnal boundary layer is generally formulated in terms of eddy diffusivities, which
are functions of height above ground and boundary layer depth. This approach is modified in this study to
include ‘‘z-less’’ turbulence, which is formulated in terms of a stability-dependent mixing length and a Prandtl...
Most administrators and ecologists agree that reducing the levels of hazardous fuels on forests is essential to restore healthy
watersheds and protect adjacent human communities. The current debate over the appropriateness, technique, and timing of treatments
utilized to restore vegetation structure and composition is currently on-going at local, state, and...
Long-term data sets that quantitatively confirm basic ecological theory are rare for field
populations. Highly variable recruitment often causes wide temporal variation in population
age distribution and basic theory for adaptive sex ratio often predicts ‘sex ratio tracking’ to
match the fluctuating age distribution. Using sex-changing shrimp as a model...
In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce
fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts
of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the...
In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce
fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts
of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the...
To understand the roles of forest management
practices in meeting the goals of forest sustainability and CO2
sequestration, we evaluated the effects of burning and thinning
treatments on soil respiration and soil environments in an
old-growth, mixed-conifer forest in California’s southern Sierra
Nevada. Six experimental treatments with two levels of...
Since the end of the Cold War, the US Navy has had an increasing interest in continental shelves and slopes as
operational areas. To work in such areas
requires a good understanding of ocean
acoustics, coastal physical oceanography,
and, in the modern era, autonomous
underwater vehicle (AUV) operations.
Each area...
The Library of Congress (LC) decided to suspend creating series authority records on May 1, 2006 and to transcribe all future series statements as untraced. To evaluate the impact on cataloging workload at Oregon State University (OSU), bibliographic records were examined for untraced series statements from June 1, 2006 to...
Basic research on semantic interoperability is just beginning to address support for spatial data and information. This is clearly important for data portals containing geographic information system (GIS) layers, as well as supplemental information, often with cartographic and decision support tools. Agreements on content/semantic interoperability of these resources can help...
The Explorer region offshore western Canada is a tectonically complex area
surrounded by the Pacific, North America, and Juan de Fuca plates. Existing tectonic
models for the region differ fundamentally. Proposed plate configurations range from
multiple independent plate fragments to an Explorer plate now fused to North America
along the...
The Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ) forms the ~350 km long Pacific–Juan de
Fuca plate boundary between the Gorda and Juan de Fuca ridges. Nearby broadband seismic networks provide a unique framework for a detailed, long-term seismotectonic study of an entire oceanic transform fault (OTF) system. We use regional waveforms...
Objectives of Research :
1) Construct a whole-vine dry matter and mineral allocation budget for mature grapevines grown in Jory (basaltic parent material) soil.
2) Determine the associated seasonal dynamics of plant-available soil minerals.
3) Model the timing of uptake and allocation of mineral nutrients in different vine tissues.
Biography is one of the most popular categories of books—and indeed the most popular
category among nonfiction books, according to one British poll. Thus, biography offers
historians of science an opportunity to reach a potentially broad audience. This essay
examines approaches typical of different genres of scientific biography, including historians’...
Wind measurements by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scatterometer (NSCAT) and the SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA QuikSCAT satellite are compared with buoy observations to establish that the accuracies of both scatterometers are essentially the same. The scatterometer measurement errors are best characterized in terms of random component...
Nonlinear model simulations of a coastal upwelling system show frontal instabilities that initiate at short alongshore scales but rapidly evolve to longer wavelengths. Several factors associated with the nonstationarity of this basic state contribute to the progression in scale. A portion of the system evolution is associated with the external...
Satellite estimates of winds at 10 m above the sea surface by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) during the 9-month period October 1996–June 1997 are analyzed to investigate the correlations between the three major wind jets along the Pacific coast of Central America and their relationships to the wind and pressure...
Tropical intraseasonal variability in the eastern North Pacific during June–September of 2000–03 is
analyzed using satellite and buoy observations. Quick Scatterometer ocean vector winds and the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation indicate that periods of anomalous surface westerly flow
over the east Pacific warm pool during a summertime intraseasonal...
In 2002, a group of Qiang in China's Sichuan Province performed an ancient ritual combining the sacred and the secular. This ritual remains an integral part of the Qiang people's religious and social lives.
With ever more inhibited programmes of excavation, new methods of site survey are always
welcome. Here a soil geomorphologist joins forces with archaeologists to read the history of
limestone blocks exposed on the surface at sites in southern Greece. Rillenkarren for example are
vertical grooves caused by rainfall on stones...