La communication porte sur le marché des crevettes à Ankazomborona, communauté de pécheurs traditionnels de la haie d'Ambaro (Madagascar), Ta recherche, effectuée en 1994, s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet PATMAD (Pêches artisanales et traditionnelles à Madagascar) résultant de la collaboration entre le DID (Développement international Des jardins) et le...
La réalisation d'une zone d'éco-aménagement située entre Bouskour et Cala Iris se justifie par le fait que les communautés de pêcheurs et autres communautés vivant des ressources maritimes subissent un profond traumatisme car les stocks biologiques de la zone sont de moins en moins capables de les faire vivre. L'objectif...
Gear technologists have, in recent years, developed rigid sorting grids, Sort-X, in bottom trawls, to improve the size selectivity of this type of gear. Experiments with the Sort-X system in the aft sections of trawls were carried out aboard Norwegian and Russian trawlers along the coast of Northern Norway and...
L'exploitation des coquillages dans la lagune de Moulay Bousseiham, avec essentiellement sur la palourde européenne {Ruditapes decussatus), est une activité artisanale et manuelle pratiquée de deux façons: la pêche "à vue" (ou la pêche "à pied") est la plus courante, elle est pratiquée par un grand nombre de riverains de...
L'activité de la pêche artisanale dans la région de Dakhla, (Sud du Maroc) revêt un aspect particulier par rapport à d’autres régions du Maroc. Cette activité est basée sur une dizaine de sites abritant quelques 1500 barques. La flottille utilise différents engins de pêche. Une étude typologique montre qu'il y...
Les graves atteintes aux équilibres des écosystèmes côtiers et littoraux sont devenues une préoccupation partagée par les chercheurs et les développeurs. La détérioration du bien-être des populations gui en sont soit la cause, soit la conséquence, impose la révision du discours économique prédominant dans les programmes de développement. L'impératif de...
The aim of this paper is to specify the arising preferences within a theory of demand for seafood products through a socio-economic quantitative analysis. The relevance of standard economic variables is discussed by introducing additional socio-demographical variables in a multivariate statistical analysis. The position of seafood among other food products...
The main research question in this paper is: What impacts do the perceived structural changes in (1) consumer demand for fresh quality and (2) mobility (trade) barriers in distribution have on the market and trade patterns for fresh packed consumer fish products? A representative sample of UK and French seafood...
Most trade literature is concerned with gains from free trade under the assumption that traded goods are produced under complete property rights. Seldom have researchers examined the consequences of free trade in the presence of incomplete property rights over renewable natural resources. In this paper, we explore these consequences. In...
The artisanal fishery in Senegal is characterized by composite biological, technological economical dynamics in interaction. A computer model of the exploitation is presented to study the relationships existing between resources, production, trading, consumption (dynamic approach). The model is developed using a systemic approach. The computer transcription utilizes multi-agent formalism (artificial...
An ITQ scheme has been shown to create a quota induced incentive for discarding of fish in excess of what is socially optimal. This finding is corroborated by empirical evidence in several ITQ managed fisheries. The incentive for discarding, over and above those expected in an unmanaged or input controlled...
En dépit de sa production halieutique qui occupe la première place dans le monde arabe et africain, le Maroc connaît une consommation de poisson de 7.5 Kg/personne/an, largement inférieure à la moyenne mondiale qui est voisine de 13 Kg/personne/an. Cette consommation est inégalement répartie. Généralement moyenne à forte, en bordure...
Tins paper addresses the importance of different product farms and their origin when considering the market structure in the European salmon market. The competition between Farmed Atlantic salmon and wild-caught pacific salmon has received some attention previously. However, this was before frozen Atlantic salmon emerged as an important product form...
La gestion des ressources, la surexploitation, les méthodes de pêches, les arrêts biologiques, les quotas...Ce sont là des termes qui évoquent les principaux problèmes de la filière pêche. Ce sont en effet, les thèmes des différents débats et négociations internationales qui tendent à instaurer un ordre international pour réglementer le...
Cet article s'intéresse au système de commercialisation des produits halieutiques en Guinée, La commercialisation des produits halieutiques fait actuellement l'objet d'une attention toute particulière des autorités guinéennes dans le cadre de la politique de développement du secteur des pèches. Le souci du gouvernement de disposer d'éléments d'analyse permettant de mener...
The last three years RIVO-DLO and LEI-DLO have developed a bio-economic simulation model for the Dutch beam trawl fishery. At the VII th IIFET conference in Taipei (1994, Taiwan) some preliminary results were presented and at the 4th EAFE bio-economic modeling workshop in Edinburgh (1995, United Kingdom) the final model...
Les retenues de barrages, actuellement en service au Maroc (34), couvrent une superficie d'eau de plus de 60.000 ha. Elles sont essentiellement exploitées pour l'irrigation, la production d'électricité, la fourniture d'eau potable et la protection contre les inondations. Leur rôle piscicole a été rarement pris en considération. L'existence de ce...
La pêcherie martiniquaise se trouve aujourd'hui dans une situation paradoxale : d'un côte elle se veut résolument moderne de par 1) les embarcations et des outils de production de plus en plus sophistiqués (coques rapides sur-motorisées, GPS, etc.) que les pêcheurs acquièrent a grands frais; de l'autre, elle reste séculaire...
Sustainable aquaculture can be achieved when risk and uncertainly are incorporated in the analysis of the activity. This paper presents a precautionary approach to the feasibility analysis of a project for a commercial hatchery, applying decision theory. Two production scenarios were assessed, continuous and periodic, the later a combination of...
Generic Quality Assurance Schemes referred to as Schemes, have been established in the primary industries in many countries. They represent an important part of the generic marketing for different categories of foodstuffs, especially primary produce. Such Schemes are established due to, among other things, severe competition in the international food...
La lagune de Nador se caractérise par un écosystème semi-fermé, en communication avec la mer par une étroite passe. Cet écosystème est sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs externes tels que l'ensoleillement, l'apport en eau douce, les eaux de ruissellement, le lessivage des champs agricoles et les eaux usées urbaines. L'influence...
Dans un marché de libre concurrence, certains paramètres tels que la saison de pêche et la taille des produits halieutiques ont une très grande importance sur la fixation des prix et la volonté à payer du consommateur. Afin de valider ces données, des échantillons de palourdes de l'Atlantique (Spisula solidissima),...
Les échanges économiques entre le Reste du monde et le Gabon se déroulent dans un contexte de changements rapides et permanents (mutations des structures économiques, du rôle des acteurs, des croyances..,). Le choix entre les modes de coordination des activités sociales (Types de marchés- modes d'organisation, processus de décisions )...
Britain has traditionally tried to protect its livestock, fish and shellfish production industries from many serious diseases by restricting imports of live animals- fish and shellfish to those from countries free of specified important diseases affecting particular classes of stock. Although the primary aim of the European Union has been...
Au Maroc, la pêche des thonidés s’effectue essentiellement lors des migrations de ces espèces le long des côtes marocaines, soit de l'Atlantique vers la Méditerranée durant la période Avril à Juin et dans le sens inverse durant la période allant de Juillet à Octobre. Les espèces de thonidés capturées par...
The arrival in the 1980s of cultured shrimp has induced large changes on the World shrimp market. In this new environment, the French Guyana fishery production now competes strongly with some of these farm-produced shrimp. Consequently, this fishery has experienced serious export problems during the last decade. This paper is...
L'importance du secteur de la pêche dans le processus de développement économique et social des pays africains n'est plus à démontrer Le souci principal des décideurs publics est d'en pérenniser l'impact. Cependant, compte tenu de la nature particulière du milieu marin, la gestion rationnelle des ressources halieutiques et le développement...
Le futur du secteur de la pèche en Andalousie doit être analyse dans le contexte d'une stratégie de développement régional liée a une économie de plus en plus mondialisée. L'union européenne, d'où l’Andalousie fait partie, veut-elle être productrice de poisson, ou bien, exclusivement une commerçante des produits pécheurs? la question...
Structural time series methods are applied to modeling endogenous fishing effort in the German North Sea shrimp fishery. The effects on fishing effort of shrimp price, catch per unit effort and environmental variation are examined. Preliminary results suggest that fishing firms do not respond much to price changes but they...
This paper describes a desk study of small pelagic utilization in Asia. Drawing on regional data and country case studies - it seeks to chart significant trends in the sector and identify issues for further research. Possible responses to under-utilization include increasing fishing intensity, exploitation of under/unexploited stocks reduction in...
Comme dans la plupart des pêcheries, certaines questions relatives à l'allocation des moyens d'exploitation (moyens compris au sens large, englobant l'accès à la ressource biologique, les moyens financiers, les structures, etc.) se posent aux pêcheries démersales Mauritaniennes: ici, les problèmes d'allocation s'expriment, en particulier entre armements industriels et artisanaux d'une...
The global aquaculture industry has seen dramatic growth over the last two decades, and is forecast to become increasingly important into the next century. The aquaculture output, of the African continent, however, remains low at about 4% of the total. There is a perception of failure where donor assisted projects...
L’auteur s'attarde aux modalités d'insertion d'une main-d’œuvre agricole dans le secteur halieutique mexicain et en souligne les conséquences pour les communautés d'accueil. Privilégiant comme axes de discussion le type de migrations permanentes et le contexte productif (secteur privé ou coopératives), elle démontre comment la migration, en devenant une stratégie principale...
All the Arab countries are producers of fish from marine, inland and aquaculture sources. Total fish production in 1994, as reported by FAO, reached 1.67 million tons. The estimated resource potential is in the range of 3-4 million tons. Trade in fish and fishery products in most countries is considerable...
La présente communication a pour but de démontrer, sur une base comparative, comment la variable ethnique joue un rôle incontournable pour comprendre les modalités du travail féminin dans la pêche en Afrique de l'Ouest, A partir de recherches bibliographiques effectuées au Québec, en France et lors d'un terrain en Côte...
Although widely accepted, management systems that directly restrict catch or effort are neither efficient nor desirable for many fisheries, and have failed to conserve fishery stocks in many cases. Fisheries scientists have suggested that closing part of the fishery with marine reserves may sustain or increase harvest. These marine reserves...
The production of high quality grass seed is important to the agricultural economy of the Grande Ronde Valley (GRV) of eastern Oregon. The predominate grass seed crops grown in the area are Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescues. Historically, open-field burning has been an effective, economical means by which to remove...
Abstract: In this project, our goal is to design a flipping algorithm for computing the Voronoi diagram of simple polygons. As preparation towards designing a flipping algorithm, we re-implemented the ear cutting algorithm of using a standard geometric library COAL. This new Implementation is compatible with COAL, We have designed...
Japan experienced a major economic bubble in the latter
half of the 1980s. There are two major indicators that tell
the magnitude of the bubble. One is land and the other is
stock. I wish to share my views with you as to why the bubble
occurred and why the...
In this paper, a three-country dynamic bio-economic model is presented and used to simulate catch levels, stock size and profit potential of alternative management strategies for the Norwegian spring-spawning herring fishery. Management of the herring fishery is complicated by the migratory behaviour of the species moving between coastal state zones...
Many fisheries assign observers to vessels as a means of collecting stock data and monitoring regulatory compliance.
Typically, deployment is random and the level of coverage determined in an ad hoc manner. This paper explores optimal
observer coverage and the deployment of observers to vessels from an enforcement perspective. The...
The history of our fishing industry gives us insights into the ‘megatrends’ and socioeconomic forces that
will shape our future, and also provides us tools for addressing the problems of the present. The future will be less
predictable than the past, due to a wide variety of economic and physical...
The only two seafood commodities traded in futures markets are frozen white and black tiger shrimps on the
Minneapolis Grain Exchange (MGE). These two contracts, however, have failed to attract the expected trade volume based on
the underlying shrimp cash market flow. First, we investigate the hedging effectiveness of these...
The marine fisheries production from African coastal countries, combined with that of freshwater production of
the continent is estimated to be 6 millions metric tons, corresponding only 5 % of the total world production. Africa's
contribution to fisheries products (1,5 %) is insignificant compared to that of world commerce which...
Japan is one of the largest importers of wheat, with imports originating from three countries, Australia,
Canada, and the United States. Australia, Canada and Japan all use a government single-desk agency to control wheat
trade. Many previous studies on competition in the world grain trade have argued the market is...
The intermediate market for raw fish is characterized by time and space considerations that create significant
quasi-rents between the fisher and the initial processor(s) approached to complete an exchange. This “temporal specificity”
is more pronounced the fewer the number of alternative potential buyers, the more perishable the catch and the...
This paper discusses some important issues in constructing price indexes. The issues relate to
the choice of an index number formula. Which is a “good” index number formula for aggregating prices?
A variety of alternative index number formulae are explored based on the economic approach and the
axiomatic (test) approach....
Fishermen, who initially harvest the resource, usually content themselves with landing and selling the raw
material. It is the food processing industry, wholesalers, distributors and retailers that create added value from the fish by
transforming it or/and differentiating different types or quality grades.
Focussing upon Brittany, Normandy and the Channel...
In July 1997 a trade agreement between Norway and the European Union went into effect. The agreement specifies
an increase in the export levy on Norwegian salmon entering the EU from 0.75% to 3.00% ad valorem. The proceeds of the
levy are to be used by the Norwegian Seafood Export...
What is required for science and industry to work together, speak a similar language, and find common ground?
Leverage the real-world interdependencies that occur within the context of business/labor/science/academics/NGOs and
government. Successful information and knowledge transfer among scientists, academics, and their business partners requires
collaboration, establishing common goals, and cultural/organizational...
Survey data on the choice of canned fish were analyzed through stepwise logistic regression. Those who lived in
northern Taiwan, those who paid more attention to food taste, those who preferred to eat fish, those who liked to eat sour
food, those who liked to eat bitter gourds, those employed...
This paper considers interdependence in seafood consumption exploiting data on consumer expenditures in
Spain, using dominance models. Interdependence is modeled by making parameters in both the participation and the
consumption equations dependent upon current consumption in the reference group of a particular consumer. The estimates
of a parsimonious model using...
The objective of this study was to determine the sustainable yield of the small - scale fisheries operations in Lagos
State. Between January and December 1991, 113 mechanized and 43 non-mechanized fishing units in 21 coastal villages
were purposively chosen and surveyed on a bi-monthly basis through questionnaire administration. Costs...
Before and after the 3-year generic advertising campaign for fresh fish in Denmark, representative consumer
samples were surveyed with regard to their attitudes towards fresh fish, perceived family norms, availability of fresh fish
in shops, meal preparation skills, intentions to buy fresh fish, and actual consumption frequencies. In the pre-campaign...
The Italian seafood chain is experiencing strong evolutionary pressures. Domestic operators, especially at catch
level suffer from weak organisational structures and poor logistics, fragmentation and lack of specialisation. Based on an
analysis of the sector's strengths and weaknesses, the authors present three recommendations for bringing about the necessary
changes. Whereas...
This study provides estimates of a complete demand elasticities matrix for meat, poultry, fishery fish,
aquaculture fish, as well as shrimp and shell fish in Taiwan, using the linear approximate almost ideal demand system.
Estimation is based on aggregate annual consumption data complied from Taiwan Food Balance Sheets during 1970-1998....
This paper examines the impacts of tightening environmental regulations on optimal trade and investment
policies. We find that for a small open two-sector economy with an importable sector relying on foreign capital while
emitting pollution, a more stringent environmental measure leads to a higher optimal tariff and possibly a higher...
In the study of a geographically aggregated market, the choice of a representative household leads to consider the
whole territory as a single, homogeneous one. However, there are reasons to believe that regional preference differences do
exist when there are important cultural and climatic differences among regions, and, historically, most...
In this study we apply Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to examine the similarities and differences of the
quality perceptions of different fish market sectors. In order to make this analyse, a hierarchic model of the total quality of
fresh rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) fillets was created. The model had seven...
Vertical mergers are mostly perceived in the literature as a way of reducing production and transaction costs.
However, vertical restrictions or raising rivals’ costs (RRC) are taken into great consideration by the antitrust authorities as
potential consequences of vertical integration. The case of the French tuna industry seems of particular...
In an age of increasing complexity, simple answers no longer suffice, but the demand for greater sophistication
is itself at odds with an era of growing specialization. Researchers must thus incorporate information from specialists in
other fields. This trend in interdisciplinary research contains hidden challenges, however, including a necessary familiarity...
George Kennedy discusses new directions in interdisciplinary teaching (including distance learning) and research
being adopted at The University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada. He discusses initiatives at different
levels: within one Faculty (College) - the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at UBC; across Faculties at UBC; and between
UBC...
Japan has about 10% and 15% share for the consumption and trade of marine products respectively, and the trend has
significant impacts on world markets. Thus the purpose of this article is to estimate the income elasticity of the demand, that
includes all kinds of fish usage such as eating...
In this paper, we use an interactionist perspective to study inter-industry variation in buying behavior. We argue that individual purchasers’ preferences for suppliers depend on three broad classes of variables: (1) The structure of the value chain stage in which the firm competes, (2) the firm’s competitive strategy and (3)...
The impact of vertical integration (VI) on performance is an often-addressed topic in both management and
economic studies. The contradicting conclusions based on different theoretical perspectives regarding this impact cause
need for empirical studies. Empirical work, however, has lagged behind. In fact, few studies have in a convincing way
demonstrated...
Survey data of food consumption were analyzed utilizing stepwise logistic regression to investigate factors
affecting consumer choice of shrimp as the most frequently consumed non-fish seafood in Taiwan. Demographic factors,
consumer attention to food attributes, and consumer preferences for fish were considered in modeling. Results showed more
people preferring shrimp...
Due to declines in stocks, restrictive management plans, and imports of whole groundfish from Canada, the supply
of whole fresh Atlantic groundfish to New England processing plants (landings plus whole fresh imports) declined by 75%
since its peak in 1983. These reductions in supply of Atlantic groundfish put severe pressure...
Over the last decade, advocates of the interdisciplinary concept of social capital have celebrated the fact that elements
of local social structures--embodied in social norms, networks and organizations--can significantly affect well-being in fishing
communities. But does this concept bring anything to the study and practice of fisheries management that is...
The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was signed in Washington, D.C. in late 1946. All 14
signatories were whaling nations. Apart from some whaling by their indigenous people, none of the original 14 whale today, and some
such as the United States, Australia and New Zealand have played...
The US North Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fishery is one of the most controversial cases of renewable
resource exploitation. Public management of this resource has resulted in substantial public debate. Bluefin tuna is also
considered a culture-specific product, as it is almost exclusively consumed uncooked in Japan. Bluefin tuna...
In this paper, we examine the problems inherent in the export-oriented tuna industry taking the Philippines and Indonesia as examples. Although problems are reduced to the depletion of or possible depletion of tuna resources, we intend to clarify the industry structure that may have led to such local depletion. Though...
The seafood industry is one part of the food industry competing for consumer protein demand. Generic advertising
or promotion offers one approach to expand that demand. Generic promotion programs focus on market expansion involving
an entire industry or segment. They involve advertising directly to the final consumer or to institutional...
This paper discusses some results from a regional study of the proper roles of ecological research scientists in
natural resource decision-making. The study was conducted in the Pacific Northwest by researchers at Oregon State
University and focuses on scientists involved in the Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER). Using data...
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is among those institutions that advocate free trade in goods, service and capital
among nations. This view is not shared universally, however, especially when there are important natural resource, environmental and
labor issues at stake. In fact, some countries discourage the exportation of natural resource...
Forest management in the Little Red River/Tall Cree traditionally used territory has long been dictated by
‘professionally’ trained foresters whose interests often run counter to those of aboriginal community residents. Because of
this, band members have largely been excluded from the decision making process while their concerns, values, and
knowledge...
Managers play an important role in strategic decision making. One important objective of strategic leadership is
that of linking the organization to its environment. In this paper we ask the question: To what degree are managers' external
network contingent on organizational design, i.e. the internal characteristics of the organization? With...
Individual Vessel Quota (IVQ) management provides geoduck harvesters in British Columbia with a greater stake in
the fishery, by enhancing certainty of harvest access to the fishery. IVQ management has encouraged harvesters to become more
interested in the economic and environmental sustainability of the fishery and less in developing strategies...
This study investigates a possible structural break in the relationship between the price of Norwegian salmon
exported to the EU and prices of Chilean salmon exported to the US. A structural break is expected in the spring/summer
1997 because restrictions on price and quantum on Norwegian salmon was introduced at...
In this paper we use cointegration analysis and the Law of One Price to test for proportionality between hake prices at
different stages along the value chain in the French hake market. Cointegration analysis is an appropriate means of testing for
price proportionality when price series are non-stationary, as was...
Rising consumer concern over intensive food production issues has resulted in an increase in demand for organic
alternatives to a wide variety of foods including fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry. More recently, there has also been
considerable interest in the marketing of more environmentally-friendly supplies of fish, including those...
The european markets for some products are strongly regulated by production and price instruments. In the
fishing case, the mayority of instruments are adopted in cetralized way from experts who can only with difficulty consider
the market pecularities for some species at a national, regional or local level in their...
It is generally accepted that the color of salmon products is one of the most important quality parameters.
Therefore, color plays a decisive role when evaluating the quality of the product at point-of-sale. The colors resulting from
the deposition of carotenoids are considered to be of significant behavioral importance to...
This paper discusses the issue of foodborne disease and international trade in food products from an economic perspective.
Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that each year diseases caused by food in the United States may
cause an estimated 325,000 serious illnesses resulting in hospitalizations,...
A glaring hole exists between academic marketing literature and anecdotal observations on the effect of
interpersonal ties for interfirm exchange. Academic marketing literature, economic perspective in particular, either frowns on
or belittles the impact of interpersonal ties for interfirm exchange. In contrast, we often hear street-smart people say that it...
Selecting ‘optimal’ strategies to manage Oregon ocean shrimp is challenged by uncertain and variable natural mortality,
recruitment, and growth. Fishery management is focused on measures to prevent long-term biological damage to the stock,
to protect age-1 shrimp from overharvest and to sustain long term fishery benefits. Developing harvest strategies such...
The Mabo [no. 2] 1992 High Court decision and subsequent judicial decisions indicate a quantum shift in the
recognising the rights of Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders to their sea estates ‘as far as the eye can see’. These
ongoing changes create a circumstance in which the transfer and...
Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information on fatty acids was not included. This paper presents data on the fat, cholesterol and...
“The Columbia River Watershed is one of the most
beautiful places on God’s Earth. Its mountains and
valleys, forests and meadows, rivers and deserts speak of
the presence of their Creator. Its farms and fisheries,
communities and cities, businesses and industries reveal
the varied ways in which people of the...
New Zealand’s fisheries are perhaps best known for the individual transferable quota (ITQ) system brought about
by the Fisheries Amendment Act 1986. There is general recognition that the ITQ system has improved the biological status of
fisheries resources and commercial returns. The 1986 Act allocated quota to fishing firms and...
This paper reviews the history of fish marketing in Japan. The Japanese experience is rich in terms of long history, species handled, products forms, cooking methods, ways of utilization, and interaction with domestic fisheries. Along with the change of people's life style from hunting to farming, marketing and trade have...
The shrimp harvesting sector is the largest component of the Southeastern United States fishing industry, accounting
for 57% of the total value of landings in the region in 1996. U.S. shrimp imports were valued at $2.6 billion in 1996. Together,
domestic production and imports of raw products support a large...
The idea of this study is to follow general economic fluctuations and try to foresee how confident fishery industry
is towards the near future and simultaneously indicate the relative development in the near past. A trend-and-confidence
indicator describing the overall economic trend and expectations of enterprises was calculated from the...
The object of this paper is to sound out the perception of economic agents on the regulatory mechanisms
presently in force, and on others which are possible (fishing rights), with the objective of analysing the questions posed in
the case of Galicia, Spain. We characterise in the first place the...
Fishing is one of the most intensively regulated industries in the U.S. economy. Theoretically, regulating an industry
means subjecting it to the rule of law: treating those with an interest in the resource fairly while preserving the public interest
in public order, economic efficiency, and conservation. There are, however, two...
A method for nesting, estimating and testing for the rank and functional form of the income terms in an incomplete system of
aggregable and integrable demand equations is derived. Information theory is applied to the problem of inferring the U.S.
income distribution using annual time series data on quintile and...
Few aquatic products of the United States have limited competition from imported supplies. This situation existed with the
domestic supply of freshwater crawfish until 1994. The 52 thousand MT round weight domestic production from aquaculture and
capture fisheries experienced major import competition at that point. Imports of value added crawfish...
International production – the production of goods and
services in countries that is controlled and managed by
firms headquartered in other countries – is largely driven
by foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Over 500,000
foreign affiliates established by 60,000 parent companies
throughout the world employed about 35 million people
in...
Structured systems of indigenous governments include systems of commerce and exchange, different concepts of
wealth and very different nutritional habits which have been developed on the strength and in accord with generations of
observing the natural systems which we live in and ultimately sustain us. Indigenous social structures occur within...
The increasing demand for shark fins in Asia and the shark s life history pattern of slow growth, late maturity, and
few offspring, have generated concerns regarding the sustainability of shark resources. Despite this concern, little effort has
been spent on understanding the markets for shark fin products and the...