Quantitative associations between animals and vegetation have long been used as a basis for conservation and management, as well as in formulating predictions about the influence of resource management and climate change on populations. A fundamental assumption embedded in the use of such correlations is that they remain relatively consistent...
Communities all rely to some degree upon residents to serve in and lead the local organizations that make those communities vital. Recognizing barriers experienced by specific groups helps community leaders identify why various groups do not participate. Using data from the 2000 Social Capital Benchmark Survey, this analysis examines perceived...
This article presents a set of recommendations that promote a more nuanced, meaningful accountability policy for English learners in the next authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The authors argue that the ESEA reauthorization must strengthen the law's capacity-building purpose so that federal, state, and local leaders support...
We monitored a suite of stream chemistry parameters for April and May, 2013, at Oak Creek, Oregon, USA. The dataset can be downloaded at the following URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7267/N9JW8BSJ, via the Dataset Query Tool. The dataset is hosted by The Oregon Hydrologic Information Server (OHIS), which is an on-line database repository...
The goal of this research is to determine whether x-ray diffraction (XRD) is a viable method for resolving ZnS thin films on Si substrates. The samples are ZnS thin films of thickness between 50nm and 100nm, on Si substrates that are 0.5mm thick.
ZnS and Si have nearly identical lattice...
This work prepared YInMnO3, YCuTiO3, and YInFeO3 solid state pigments via microwave synthesis. The microwave-prepared pigments contain optical and structural properties similar to their furnace homologues. Overall synthesis times for each pigment have been significantly reduced via microwave synthesis, while keeping the same relative phase purity as solid-state.
Type-II dilemma zones are the segment of roadway approaching an intersection where drivers have difficulty deciding to stop or proceed at the onset of the circular yellow (CY) indication. Signalized intersection safety is improved when dilemma zones are correctly identified and steps are taken to reduce the likelihood that vehicles...
Wireless LANs (WLANs) have been widely adopted and are more convenient as they are inter-connected as wireless campus networks and wireless mesh networks. However, time-sensitive multimedia applications, which
have become more popular, could suffer from long end-to-end latency in WLANs.
This is due mainly to handoff delay, which in turn...
As part of an HHMI funded research project, I showed that overexpression (OE) of actin (ACT2) in Arabidopsis thaliana alters the expression of genes involved in plant immunity. Others have previously shown that knockout (KO) mutants of actin depolymerizing factor 4 are affected in the same gene as ACT2-OE. For...
This research project seeks to explain the relationship between deviance and solidarity among individuals, as put forth in structural functionalism, and more importantly anomie. Using the work of Emile Durkheim as a theoretical framework, this essay takes the concepts of deviance and solidarity and explains the relationship with solidarity depending...
Saccharina sessilis, lettuce kelp, is a macroalgae that contributes to the primary production in the intertidal zone off of the Oregon Coast. Macroalgae can serve as a bioindicator of increased nutrient input, water quality, and shifts in the intertidal environment. Competition for light exists between macroalgae species and with other...
This study evaluated the memory and visual discrimination capabilities of Enteroctopus dofleini, the Giant Pacific Octopus. Octopuses have been known to have advance sensory capabilities and through this study we challenged our specimen to remember and actively choose a specific patterned jar based on a visual pattern and positive reinforcement....
Three-dimensional symmetric tensor fields have a wide range of applications in solid and fluid mechanics. Recent advances in the topological analysis of 3D symmetric tensor fields focus on the local behaviors of tensor fields at degenerate points, which usually form curves. In this paper, we make a number of observations...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have demonstrated the ability to improve lubrication and thermal conductivity, and stand as promising metalworking lubricant and coolant additives due to their low cost compared to other NPs. While nanomaterials are a focus of research due to their potential to enable advanced technologies, little is...
Let X and Y be a pair of smooth manifolds, each obtainable
from the other by surgery in codimension at least three. We show that the
corresponding spaces Riem⁺(X) and Riem⁺(Y), respectively consisting of
Riemannian metrics of positive scalar curvature on X and Y, are homotopy
equivalent. This result is...
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most widespread root and
crown diseases of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United
States. Our objectives were to characterize crown rot severity and
distribution throughout the PNW by conducting a survey of 210 fields
covering the diverse dryland wheat-producing...
The convolution inequality h ∗ h(ξ) ≤ B|ξ|θh(ξ) defined on Rⁿ
arises from a probabilistic representation of solutions of the n-dimensional
Navier-Stokes equations, n ≥ 2. Using a chaining argument, we establish
in all dimensions n ≥ 1 the nonexistence of strictly positive fully supported
solutions of this inequality for...
As more people volunteer in the name of ‘conservation,’ a careful analysis of ‘conservation’ and the actors’ underlying
ideologies becomes pressing. Volunteers work on the seemingly similar goal of ‘conservation,’ but differences
in interpretations can have on-the-ground impacts. In this paper, I use interviews and participant interactions
to: (1) analyse...
The Bering Sea ecosystem has experienced significant climatic and biological shifts
over the past 3 decades, including temporal and spatial fluctuations of jellyfish biomass. Jellyfish
are important predators and competitors of fish; thus, it is critical to understand the effects of environmental
factors on their population dynamics. We explored the...
We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal
fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novae-angliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific.
For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding...
This study addresses the occurrence, severity, and extent of hypoxia over the continental shelf of the northern
California Current (40–48.5°N latitude) from 1998 to 2012. Clear seasonal trends exist in the timing and duration
of hypoxia. The highest bottom-water dissolved oxygen concentrations occurred from November to March, and
levels below...
Genes specifying the thiamin monophosphate phosphatase and adenylated thiazole diphosphatase
steps in fungal and plant thiamin biosynthesis remain unknown, as do genes for thiamin diphosphate
(ThDP) hydrolysis in thiamin metabolism. A distinctive Nudix domain fused to thiamin diphosphokinase
(Tnr3) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe was evaluated as a candidate for these functions....
Remediation methods and strength predictions were evaluated for wood I-joists with single, circular holes in the webs, leaving utilities in place. A full-scale bending test using four equally-spaced point loads was applied to three depths of joists with varying flange widths and span lengths of 4.88 m and 2.44 m....
The way of slip transformation and strain partitioning at the eastern termination of the Kunlun
fault system remains unclear, and the question of whether this fault system is an important part for
lateral extrusion of Tibetan crust is debatable. The Tazang fault is regarded as the easternmost
continuation of the...
Euphausia pacifica occupy a remarkably wide range of ecosystems. We examined the
differences in brood sizes from eight regions of the North Pacific to explore how variation
in the brood size might contribute to their success over such a range. We show
a compilation and analysis of short-term E. pacifica...
Previous studies have suggested that negatively valenced faces (e.g., angry faces) automatically capture attention away from faces with other emotional valences (e.g., happy faces and neutral faces). The present study evaluated whether this attentional bias enhances memory of the negative emotional faces. Participants first performed a gender discrimination task on...
Many bacteria possess cell density-dependent quorum-sensing (QS) systems that often regulate cooperative secretions involved
in host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions. These secretions, or “public goods,” are frequently coregulated by stress and
starvation responses. Here we provide a physiological rationale for such regulatory complexity in the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using minimal-medium...
BACKGROUND: To examine the association between objectively measured light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviors, and biological markers in a national
sample of U.S. pregnant women, as few studies have examined these relationships among this population.
METHODS: The sample of noninstitutionalized U.S. civilians was selected by a complex, multistage...
We used metatranscriptomics to study the gene transcription patterns of microbial plankton (0.2 to 64 μm) at a mesohaline station
in the Chesapeake Bay under transitions from oxic to anoxic waters in spring and from anoxic to oxic waters in autumn.
Samples were collected from surface (i.e., above pycnocline) waters...
In many disease settings, it is likely that only a subset of the disease population will exhibit
certain genetic or phenotypic differences from the healthy population. Therefore, when seeking to identify
genes or other explanatory factors that might be related to the disease state, we might expect a mixture
distribution...
Estimates of the relative motion between the Hawaiian and Louisville hot spots have consequences
for understanding the role and character of deep Pacific-mantle return flow. The relative motion between
these primary hot spots can be inferred by comparing the age records for their seamount trails. We report
⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for...
Plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUBs) have been sampled along most mid-ocean ridges with
ultraslow to intermediate spreading rates. Over the past 40 years, the prevalent models for their origin
assume positive buoyancy of plagioclase in basaltic liquids resulting in selective concentration of
plagioclase phenocrysts by floatation. However, when the global population...
We present 36 new ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating age determinations from the Caribbean Large
Igneous Province (CLIP) providing evidence for extended periods of volcanic activity and suggest a new
tectonomagmatic model for the province’s timing and construction. These new ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages for the
Curaçao Lava Formation (CLF) and Haiti’s Dumisseau Formation...
The Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955 carries two alleles of traR that regulate conjugative transfer. The first
is a functional allele, called traR, that is transcriptionally induced by the opine octopine. The second, trlR, is a nonfunctional,
dominant-negative mutant located in an operon that is inducible by the...
Multivariate statistical treatments of large data sets in sedimentary geochemical and other fields are
rapidly becoming more popular as analytical and computational capabilities expand. Because
geochemical data sets present a unique set of conditions (e.g., the closed array), application of generic
off-the-shelf applications is not straightforward and can yield misleading...
Monthly temperature and precipitation data from 41 global climate models (GCMs)
of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were compared to
observations for the 20th century, with a focus on the United States Pacific Northwest
(PNW) and surrounding region. A suite of statistics, or metrics, was calculated, that...
To explain the dynamic behavior of the matric potential at the wetting front of gravity
driven fingers, we take into account the pressure across the interface that is not continuous
and depends on the radius of the meniscus, which is a function of pore size and the dynamic
contact angle...
Deep cycle mixing in the cold tongue of the equatorial
Pacific Ocean is associated with a mean flow regime
in which the gradient Richardson number Ri (a ratio of
stratification to shear that affects the evolution of turbulence)
fluctuates about a critical value near 1/4. This is the state
of...
The movement of moisture into, out-of, and within forest ecosystems is modulated
by feedbacks that stem from processes which couple plants, soil, and the atmosphere.
While an understanding of these processes has been gleaned from Eddy Covariance
techniques, the reliability of the method suffers at night because of weak turbulence....
Paleomagnetic analysis and radiocarbon dating of an expanded Holocene deep-sea sediment sequence
recovered by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 303 from Labrador Sea Site U1305
(Lat.: 57°28.5 N, Long.: 48°31.8 W, water depth 3459 m) provides insights into mechanisms that drive
both paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) and magnetization acquisition...
The three-dimensional structure and the origin of mesoscale anticyclonic
intrathermocline eddies (ITEs) in the coastal transition zone (CTZ) off central Chile (31–41°S) were analyzed through the combination of data from oceanographic cruises and
satellite altimetry, and the application of an eddy-resolving primitive equation ocean model
coupled with a numerical experiment...
The flux of water vapor due to advection is measured using high-resolution Raman lidar that was orientated
horizontally across a land–lake transition. At the same time, a full surface energy balance is performed to assess
the impact of scalar advection on energy budget closure. The flux of water vapor due...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis is an opportunistic human pathogen that has been shown to form biofilm in vitro and
in vivo. Biofilm formation in vivo appears to be associated with infections in the respiratory tract of the host. The reasoning behind
how M. avium subsp. hominissuis biofilm is allowed to...
A soil’s capillarity, associated with the parameter sorptivity, is a dominant control on
infiltration, particularly at the onset of rainfall or irrigation. Many mathematical models
used to estimate sorptivity are only valid for dry soils. This paper examines how sorptivity
and its capillary component (as wetting front potential) change with...
Adsorbed molecules are involved in many reactions on solid surfaces that are of great technological
importance. As such, there has been tremendous effort worldwide to learn how to theoretically
predict rates for reactions involving adsorbed molecules. Theoretical calculations of rate constants
require knowing both their activation energy and prefactor. Recent...
The goal of the Pacific Ocean Boundary Ecosystem and Climate Study
(POBEX) was to diagnose the large-scale climate controls on regional transport
dynamics and lower trophic marine ecosystem variability in Pacific Ocean boundary
systems. An international team of collaborators shared observational and eddy-resolving
modeling data sets collected in the Northeast...
Characterizations of tsunami hazards
along the Cascadia subduction zone hinge
on uncertainties in megathrust rupture
models used for simulating tsunami inundation.
To explore these uncertainties, we
constructed 15 megathrust earthquake scenarios
using rupture models that supply the
initial conditions for tsunami simulations
at Bandon, Oregon. Tsunami inundation
varies with the...
BACKGROUND: The wild grass Brachypodium distachyon has emerged as a model system for temperate grasses and
biofuel plants. However, the global analysis of miRNAs, molecules known to be key for eukaryotic gene regulation,
has been limited in B. distachyon to studies examining a few samples or that rely on computational...
From the planning days preceding the establishment of the US Global
Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, modeling was recognized as one
of the program’s pillars. In particular, predictions of future ecosystem states in an
evolving climate system required new interdisciplinary approaches that brought
together physicists, biologists, modelers, and observational scientists....
A primary focus of the US Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics
(GLOBEC) program was to identify the mechanisms of ecosystem response to large-scale
climate forcing under the assumption that bottom-up forcing controls a large
fraction of marine ecosystem variability. At the beginning of GLOBEC, the prevailing
bottom-up forcing hypothesis was that...
The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth, life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics, seasonal and spatial distributions,...
High-speed intercity passenger rail projects are very complex and require many years of planning and environmental activities before construction can begin. Given the complexity of planning and environmental reviews associated with high-speed intercity passenger rail corridor planning, a systematic approach for high-level screening of various alternative routings for proposed high-speed...
Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk
factor for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Previously, we reported that dietary docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA, 22:6,n-3) was more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5,n-3) at reversing western diet (WD)
induced NASH in LDLR-/-...
Social media sites have become the new battleground in U.S. presidential politics. In helping to create an identifiable image for candidates, photographs on Facebook have become a convenient outlet for displaying both advertising and candid images of the candidate. While scholars have begun to recognize the impact of photographs on...
We investigated the species identity and local use of cetaceans on the Gilbert
Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Working with the Kiribati Ministry of Environment,
Lands and Agricultural Development and Fisheries Division, we visited
the islands of Tarawa, Tabiteuea (North), Butaritari and Onotoa from June to
July 2009, and collected 24...
Previous projects in the Gulf of Lion have investigated the path of terrigenous material
in the Rhone deltaic system, the continental shelf and the nearby canyon heads. This
study focuses on the slope region of the Gulf of Lion to further describe particulate
exchanges with ocean’s interior through submarine canyons....
Trees sampled from a loblolly pine mid-rotation fertilization trial were used in
this study. The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design with
four levels of nitrogen fertilizer as treatments: control (000N), 112 (112N), 224
(224N), and 336 (336N) kg/ha of nitrogen, with each treatment replicated in...
Pathogenic mycobacteria are important agents causing human disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis
(M. avium) is a species of recalcitrant environmental pathogen. The bacterium forms robust biofilms that allow it to
colonize and persist in austere environments, such as residential and commercial water systems. M. avium is also an
opportunistic pathogen...
We have recently reported that cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and novel chimeric peptides containing CPP (referred as
B peptide) and muscle-targeting peptide (referred as MSP) motifs significantly improve the systemic exon-skipping activity
of morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomers (PMOs) in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. In the present study, the general
mechanistic significance of the...
A highly-digital technique is proposed for excess loop delay (ELD)
compensation in multi-bit continuous-time ΔΣ modulators. A digitally
controlled reference switching matrix is used to replace the power-hungry
signal adder and extra DAC driving the quantizer, which are
commonly used in ELD compensation. With the proposed technique,
the feedback DAC...
An experimentally based, quantitative understanding of the entrapment and function of small peptides within PEO brush layers does not currently exist. Earlier work provided a rationale for expecting that an ordered, compact peptide will enter the PEO phase more readily than a peptide of similar size that adopts a less...
The manuscript reports on simulations of the intrinsic dissipation of standing and traveling
flexural vibrations in carbon nanotubes. It is found that extended traveling and standing waves
exhibit anomalous dissipation, during which the excited modes experience massive damping
that is triggered by the accumulation of energy in special gateway modes....
In 2008, China launched the Green Securities Policy to increase sustainability practices among companies listed on Chinese stock markets. An integral component of the policy is the environmental disclosure regulation, which directs publicly traded Chinese companies in 14 highly polluting industries to report required environmental information. This research explores the...
We examined Goslin et al.’s (2012) claim that the object based-correspondence effect (faster keypress responses when the orientation of an object’s graspable part corresponds with the response location than when it does not) is the result of object-based attention (visual-action
binding). In Experiment 1, participants determined the category of a...
We analyze the convergence to equilibrium of solutions to the nonlinear Berger plate evolution
equation in the presence of localized interior damping (also referred to as geometrically constrained
damping). Utilizing the results in [24], we have that any trajectory converges to the set of stationary
points N. Employing standard assumptions...
Alarista succina gen. et sp. nov. (Poaceae) is described from a single floret preserved in amber of Tertiary age originating from the Dominican Republic. The new genus is characterized by 1) a narrow winged lemma awn, 2) numerous (as many as 17) lemma nerves, 3) a lengthy rachilla internode (implying...
Various simple mathematical models have been used to investigate dengue transmission. Some of these models explicitly model the mosquito population, while others model the mosquitoes implicitly in the transmission term. We study the impact of modeling assumptions on the dynamics of dengue in Thailand by fitting dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)...
Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting microbial productivity in the ocean, and as a result, most marine microorganisms
have evolved systems for responding to nitrogen stress. The highly abundant alphaproteobacterium “Candidatus
Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultured member of the order Pelagibacterales (SAR11), lacks the canonical GlnB, GlnD, GlnK, and...
Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 46°N, 130°W, erupted in January 1998 along 11 km of its upper south rift zone. We use ship-based multibeam sonar, high-resolution (1 m) bathymetry, sidescan sonar imagery, and submersible dive observations to map four separate 1998 lava...
BACKGROUND: Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are present exclusively in eukaryotes and constitute one of the largest and most diverse transcription factor families. The proteins are responsible for central developmental and physiological processes in plants, animals, and fungi, including the pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. However, there is limited...
This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.12.004
Ongoing greenhouse gas emissions can modify climate processes and induce shifts in ocean temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, and productivity, which in turn could alter biological and social systems. Here, we provide a synoptic global assessment of the simultaneous changes in future ocean biogeochemical variables over marine biota and their broader...
Macromoth diversity, abundance, and community structure in the topographically complex HJ Andrews Experimental Forest and LTER site was studied on the west slope of the Cascade Range, Oregon. Data on 493 macromoth species (62,221 individuals) was sampled eight times/year at 20 locations from 2004 to 2008 and examined using multivariate...
Introduced vector-borne diseases, particularly avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) and avian pox
virus (Avipoxvirus spp.), continue to play significant roles in the decline and extinction of native forest birds in
the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian honeycreepers are particularly susceptible to avian malaria and have survived
into this century largely because of persistence...
This study provides a direct test of social exchange theory on knowledge sharing from the perspective of the provider by examining the role of both perceived coworker support (PCS) and perceived organizational support (POS) on the extent to which employees share their knowledge with their coworkers. Also examined is the...
Successful cell division requires proper chromosome movement, including accurate congression to the metaphase plate and proper segregation to spindle poles. Errors that occur in either event can cause chromosome aneuploidy in daughter cells, which may lead to cell death, genetic diseases and cancers (Matson and Stukenberg,2012, Compton, 2000). The force...
Forest harvest residues can be a cost-effective feedstock for a biorefinery, but the high
lignin content of forest residues is a major barrier for enzymatic sugar production. Sulfite
pretreatment to overcome strong recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) was applied to a
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco var. menziesii) forest residue in...
Agricultural land management, such as fertilization, liming, and tillage affects soil properties, including pH, organic matter content, nitrification rates, and the microbial community. Three different study sites were used to identify microorganisms that correlate with agricultural land use and to determine which factors regulate the relative abundance of the microbial...
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving hospice or palliative care often receive antimicrobial therapy; however the effectiveness
of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management in these patients is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: The study’s objective was to systematically review and summarize existing data on the prevalence and
effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy to improve symptom burden among...
Terrestrial biosphere models can help identify physical processes that control carbon
dynamics, including land–atmosphere CO₂ fluxes, and have great potential to predict the terrestrial
ecosystem response to changing climate. The skill of models that provide continental-scale carbon flux
estimates, however, remains largely untested. This paper evaluates the performance of continental-scale...
We have compared the helium isotope ratio in five
samples of Pacific marine air spanning the 40 year period
between 1973 and 2013 against a secondary gas standard. In
a separate experiment we directly compared the ³He/⁴He
ratio in air samples collected in 1973 and 2013 at the same
location...
Atmospheric and surface ocean temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula region have increased by a few degrees Celsius over the last few decades, and they are the most rapid changes recorded in the Southern Hemisphere during this time period (Cook et al., 2005; Meredith and King, 2005). Associated with this ongoing...
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most important grapevine viral diseases affecting grapevines worldwide. The impact on vine health, crop yield, and quality is difficult to assess due to a high number of variables, but significant economic losses are consistently reported over the lifespan of a vineyard if...
Important progress in understanding replication, interactions with host plants, and evolution of closteroviruses enabled engineering of several vectors for gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing. Due to the broad host range of closteroviruses, these vectors expanded vector applicability to include important woody plants such as citrus and grapevine. Furthermore, large...
An attenuated strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (CSF259-93B.17) has shown potential as a vaccine
for prevention of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).
Because BCWD outbreaks can result in high mortality in other salmonid species, specifically coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), the live-attenuated strain was tested as...
A 2-yr study utilizing 120 mature,
crossbred (Angus × Herford) cows/year, evaluated the
influence of cow BCS and dried distillers grains with
solubles (DDGS) supplementation during late gestation
on cow performance and productivity of subsequent
offspring. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial
in a randomized complete block...
The role of each habitat fish use is of great importance to the dynamics of populations. During
their early marine residence, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an anadromous fish
species, mostly inhabit estuaries but also use sandy beach surf zones and the coastal ocean.
However, the role of surf zones in...
The purpose of this study was to gain information about the characteristics of small restaurant owners in China. The data for the study were hand-collected by survey questionnaires in four cities across three provinces in China. We found three main results. First, small restaurant entrepreneurs were characterized by one of...
Bacteria in the class Alphaproteobacteria have a wide variety of lifestyles and physiologies. They include pathogens
of humans and livestock, agriculturally valuable strains, and several highly abundant marine groups. The ancestor of
mitochondria also originated in this clade. Despite significant effort to investigate the phylogeny of the
Alphaproteobacteria with a...
Processes that influence habitat selection in landscapes involve the interaction of habitat composition and configuration and are particularly important for species with complex life cycles. We assessed the relative influence of landscape spatial processes and local habitat characteristics on patterns in the distribution and abundance of spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss),...
The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces secondary metabolites toxic to humans and animals, yet coordinated transcriptional regulation of gene clusters remains largely a mystery. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) we found that regions with secondary metabolite clusters are enriched for trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a...
Multibeam (1 m resolution) and side scan data collected from an autonomous underwater vehicle, and
lava samples, radiocarbon-dated sediment cores, and observations of flow contacts collected by remotely
operated vehicle were combined to reconstruct the geologic history and flow emplacement processes on
Axial Seamount’s summit and upper rift zones. The...
The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas
into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean
circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow
occurs via the Iceland–Scotland (I–S) overflow, yet the history
of its strength throughout the Holocene (~0–11 700 yr
ago, ka) is poorly...
With the advent of tradable permit programs for bad outputs (e.g., SO₂ emissions); concerns arose over whether the theoretical gains from trade would be realized. We will employ a methodology that calculates the potential gains accruing to coal-fired electric power plants from implementing a tradable permit program. The magnitude of...
This report reviews the state of the California Current System (CCS) between winter 2012 and spring 2013, and includes observations from Washington State to Baja California. During 2012, large-scale climate modes indicated the CCS remained in a cool, productive phase present since 2007. The upwelling season was delayed north of...
Field surveys were conducted by collecting soil samples to estimate
nematode densities in soil from winter wheat, spring wheat, spring
barley, and spring legumes (lentil, chickpea, and pea) fields during
2010 and 2011. Pratylenchus spp. were observed in 60% of sampled
fields. However, nematodes were detected in nearly all of...