This paper examines the permanence of agricultural land afforestation under stylized carbon markets at the regional
level in the US. Attention is focused on Southern and Midwest regions which historically have experienced
a relatively large amount of land-use change between the agriculture and forest sectors. The Forest and Agriculture
Sector...
Advancing our ability to use invasive plants for producing commodities is central to the agricultural industry. Our objective was
to evaluate Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens [L.] DC.) as a winter feed supplement for ruminant livestock. In Experiment
1, we utilized three ruminally cannulated steers in a completely randomized design to...
Connectivity models using empirically-derived
landscape resistance maps can predict potential
linkages among fragmented animal and plant populations.
However, such models have rarely been used to
guide systematic decision-making, such as identifying
the most important habitat patches and dispersal corridors
to protect or restore in order to maximize regional
connectivity. Combining...
The interaction of the dominant semidiurnal M₂ internal tide with the large-scale subtidal flow is examined
in an ocean model by propagating the tide through an ensemble of background fields in a domain centered on
the Hawaiian Ridge. The background fields are taken from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)...
Most wild animals face concurrent challenges by multiple
infectious organisms, and immunological responses triggered by
some parasites may increase susceptibility to other infectious agents.
Immune-mediated interactions among parasites have been investigated
among individuals in a population, but less is known about
broader comparative patterns. We investigated the “macro-micro facilitation
hypothesis”...
PREMISE OF RESEARCH. The occurrence of six ovulate cones and six leafy branching systems, two of which
show attachment of the ovulate cone, reveals a new cunninghamioid fossil conifer from the Cretaceous Apple
Bay locality of Vancouver Island, Canada. This anatomically preserved plant expands our understanding of
basal Cupressaceae in...
The three-dimensional (3D) double-ridge internal tide interference in the Luzon Strait in the South China
Sea is examined by comparing 3D and two-dimensional (2D) realistic simulations. Both the 3D simulations
and observations indicate the presence of 3D first-mode (semi)diurnal standing waves in the 3.6-km-deep
trench in the strait. As in...
It is shown that the life cycles of nonlinear mesoscale eddies, a major component of low-frequency ocean
physical variability, have a characteristic structure that differs fundamentally from that which would be expected
on the basis of classical interpretations of ocean eddy evolution in terms of mean flow instability and equilibration...
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) seed yields in Oregon are significantly reduced by the Clover Root Borer (CRB), Hylastinus obscurus. Since the CRB develops in clover roots and only emerges above ground briefly to mate and disperse, insecticides are ineffective for its control. In contrast, biological control may have potential as...
The purpose of the current study was to examine program- and community-level characteristics related to total points earned by early care and education programs in North Carolina’s Tiered Quality Rating and Improvement System (TQRIS). Multiple statewide data sources, program- and community-level characteristics were combined to better understand associations with total...
The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are
essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and
marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the...
Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a curated
online resource for comparative functional
genomics in crops and model plant species, currently
hosting 27 fully and 10 partially sequenced
reference genomes in its build number 38. Its
strength derives from the application of a phylogenetic
framework for genome comparison and the
use of ontologies...
Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) for a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor are performed and compared
with experimental data. The LDI emissions characteristics, and radiation-spray coupling effect on the predictions
are analyzed. The flamelet progress variable approach is employed for chemistry tabulation coupled
with a stochastic secondary breakup model. Good comparisons are...
We assessed the effects of porosity and hydrophobicity on water uptake by biochars.
Biochars were produced from two feedstocks (hazelnut shells and Douglas fir chips) at
three production temperatures (370°C, 500°C, and 620°C). To distinguish the effects of
porosity from the effects of hydrophobicity, we compared uptake of water to...
To better understand the suitability of balsa wood as a core material for sandwich
composites, this paper presents a detailed study of the fracture properties of balsa. The
experiments looked at mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode fracture with crack growth both parallel
and perpendicular to the wood grain direction....
Potato purple top disease is caused by a phytoplasma
known as Beet Leafhopper Transmitted Virescence Agent
(BLTVA), which is vectored by the beet leafhopper (BLH,
Circulifer tenellus Baker). Previous studies determined that
BLTVA can cause significant reductions in yield and tuber
quality; however, quantifying the damage caused by BLTVA
and...
Genetic factors such as decreased genetic
diversity and increased homozygosity can have detrimental
effects on rare species, and may ultimately limit potential
adaptation and exacerbate population declines. The Gulf
and Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic region has the
second highest level of endemism in the continental USA,
but habitat fragmentation and...
Mutation analysis is often used to compare the effectiveness of different test suites or testing techniques. One of the main assumptions underlying this technique is the Competent Programmer Hypothesis, which proposes that programs are very close to a correct version, or that the difference between current and correct code for...
Just as scientific knowledge is constructed using distinct modes of inquiry (e.g., experimental or historical), arguments constructed during science instruction may vary depending on the mode of inquiry underlying the topic. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how secondary science teachers construct scientific arguments during instruction...
Sexual conflict over mating can result in sex specific morphologies and behaviors that
allow each sex to exert control over the outcome of reproduction. Genital traits, in
particular, are often directly involved in conflict interactions. Via genital manipulation,
we experimentally investigated whether genital traits in red-sided garter snakes influence
copulation...
Rhizopogon subgenus Villosuli are the only
members of the genus known to form an ectomycorrhizal
relationship exclusively with Pseudotsuga. The
specificity of this host relationship is unusual in that
Rhizopogon is broadly associated with several tree
genera within the Pinaceae and relationships with a
host genus are typically distributed across...
An abundant fruiting of a black morel was encountered in temperate northwestern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, during a mycological survey in Sep 2010. The site was west of the Great Dividing Range in a young, dry sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus and Callitris north of Coonabarabran in an area...
Epichloë typhina, a fungal endophyte of
cool season grasses, is heterothallic and an obligate
out-crosser. In areas of endemism, its spermatia are
moved between stromata of the two opposite mating
types through egg-laying activities of Botanophila flies.
In western Oregon, where the fungus was inadvertently
introduced into seed-production fields of...
Forests are major components of the global carbon cycle, providing
substantial feedback to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations¹.
Our ability to understand and predict changes in the forest carbon
cycle—particularly net primary productivity and carbon storage—increasingly relies on models that represent biological processes
across several scales of biological organization, from tree...
In addition to the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) motor skill
deficits are present, persistent and pervasive across age. Although motor skill deficits have been
indicated in young children with autism they have not been included in the primary discussion of
early intervention content. 159 young children with...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) has a wide distribution in North America and is one of the tree species most widely distributed outside its natural range. The species has been introduced to Europe, New Zealand, South America, and elsewhere around the world. At present, Douglas-fir is an accepted and integral part of...
In vitro propagation is important for rapid multiplication of a wide range of nursery crops, including
red raspberries. The genetic variation of the many red raspberry cultivars makes it difficult to use one
growth medium for all. Although some cultivars grow well on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
(MS), others...
Several evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Columbia River basin Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Yet little is known about the spatial and temporal distributions of these ESUs immediately following ocean entry, when year-class success...
We use the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP)
and the MPI/ECHAM5 general circulation model to drive
the RegCM3 regional climate model to assess the ability of
the models to reproduce the spatiotemporal aspects of the
Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA) pattern.
Composite anomalies of the NCEP-driven RegCM3 simulations
for 1982–2000 indicate that the...
Despite the considerable advances of deposition technologies, it remains a significant challenge to form conformal deposition on surface of nanoporous carbons. Here, we introduce a new ambient hydrolysis deposition method that employs and controls pre-adsorbed water vapor on nanoporous carbons to define the deposition of TiO₂. We converted the deposited...
It is demonstrated in this paper that it is possible
to synthesize a stochastic flash ADC entirely from Verilog code
and a standard digital library. An analog comparator is introduced
that is constructed from two cross-coupled 3-input digital
NAND gates, and can be described in Verilog. The synthesized
comparators have...
Chilodontidae is a small family of eight described characiform species popularly
known as headstanders. These small to moderately sized fishes are well known to
aquarists, who prize their striking spotted pigmentation and unusual behaviors, and to
systematists, who have revised both chilodontid genera in recent memory and studied
their phylogenetic...
This study investigated how lidar-derived vegetation indices, disturbance history from Landsat time series (LTS)
imagery, plot location accuracy, and plot size influenced accuracy of statistical spatial models (nearest-neighbor
imputation maps) of forest vegetation composition and structure. Nearest-neighbor (NN) imputation maps were
developed for 539,000 ha in the central Oregon Cascades,...
Anthropogenic semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate, are toxic at
low concentrations, and undergo long-range atmospheric transport (LRT) were identified and quantified in the atmosphere
of a Saharan dust source region (Mali) and during Saharan dust incursions at downwind sites in the eastern
Caribbean (U.S. Virgin...
The literature on religiousness, spirituality (R/S), and health has increased dramatically in
the past decade, but suffers from a lack of integrative theoretical models and well-defined
constructs. Drawing on self-regulation theory, we hypothesized that the effects of religiousness
(e.g., affiliation, service attendance) on health affects behavioral self-regulation of health habits;...
The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood...
Alien grass invasions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are resulting in grass–fire cycles and ecosystem-level transformations that severely diminish ecosystem services. Our capacity to address the rapid and complex changes occurring in these ecosystems can be enhanced by developing an understanding of the environmental factors and ecosystem attributes that determine...
Velocity measurements from drifter GPS records are used in an ensemble-based data assimilation technique to extract the river bathymetry. The method is tested on a deep meandering reach and a shallow braided reach of the Kootenai River in Idaho. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to model numerous...
Using a short-baseline hydrophone array, persistent volcanoacoustic sources are identified within the ambient noise field of the Lau Basin during the period between 2009 January and 2010 April. The submarine volcano West Mata and adjacent volcanic terrains, including the northern Matas and Volcano O, are the most active acoustic sources...
A study was conducted in western Oregon to assess the impact of cultivar and weed management strategy on accumulation and loss of plant biomass and nutrients during the first 3 years of establishment when using organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) planted...
Jointly with kilowatt-hours (kWh), electric power plants also produce CO₂, NO[subscript x], and SO₂. In this paper, we apply an environmental production model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the production of kWh under command-and-control regulation of the undesirable byproduct with tradable permit regulation of the byproduct. This...
As entrepreneurship research has matured, scholars have increasingly recognized that the formation of new ventures is commonly accomplished by teams as opposed to lone entrepreneurs. Over the past two decades, the upper echelons perspective has served as the primary lens for investigating new venture team functioning and performance. However, researchers...
“Making Connections” is about helping students see the “big picture”; to understand the web of overlapping causes and effects of attitudes, beliefs, actions, behaviors, and habits that connect people and the natural world in community. With these exercises, we hope students will become more aware of how their decisions affect...
Managing weak stocks in mixed-stock fisheries often relies on proxies derived from data-rich indicator stocks, although there have been limited tests of the appropriateness of such proxies. For example, full cohort reconstruction of tagged Klamath River fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of northern California enables the use of detailed models...
The progress made in accelerating simulations of fluid flow using GPUs, and the challenges that remain, are surveyed. The review first provides an introduction to GPU computing and programming, and discusses various considerations for improved performance. Case studies comparing the performance of CPU- and GPUbased solvers for the Laplace and...
Internal variability in twenty-first-century summer Arctic sea ice loss and its relationship to the large-scale atmospheric circulation is investigated in a 39-member Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) ensemble for the period 2000–61. Each member is subject to an identical greenhouse gas emissions scenario and differs only in the...
Large river plumes modify coastal environments and can impact production across multiple trophic levels. From 1999 to 2009, the
assemblages of forage fish, predator fish, and other pelagic nekton were monitored in coastal waters associated with the Columbia
River plume. Surveys were conducted at night to target vertically migrating species,...