Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones mediating cell division and
differentiation. Zeatin is a naturally occurring and highly active cytokinin that is rapidly
metabolized in Phaseolus seeds. The metabolites and enzymes mediating the conversion
have been studied extensively. Zeatin metabolic enzymes may be utilized in studying the
regulation of...
Two studies were initiated in June of 1981 in order to gain greater understanding of the growth and fruiting habits of field grown strawberries in Oregon's Willamette Valley.
Yield component analysis of 'Benton', Oregon's leading cultivar and an advanced breeding selection, 'OR-US 4356' was conducted during the first (1981) and...
Several effects of xylem discontinuity in Pinot noir and Merlot grape berries were studied. There was a reduction in the amount of apoplastic dye (Eosin Y or azosulfamide) uptake through cut pedicels into soft versus firm berries, suggesting a reduction in maximal xylem flow at that time. Both greenhouse and...
Winter squash is an important late winter vegetable crop for local and regional markets; however, farmers in western Oregon report that this crop is marginally profitable due to losses in storage and relatively low yields for the high culinary value kabocha and buttercup types. In order to increase the sales...
Cover crop establishment in late-season crops, like sweet corn, may be difficult due to the relatively short operational window following crop harvest. In regions like western Oregon, where fall-precipitation can occur when the crop is still in the field, cover crops may not be able to be planted, due to...
The study was conducted in an organic trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) planting established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center in Aurora, OR on 26 May 2010. Three weed management systems were compared for 'Marion' and 'Black Diamond': 1) non-weeded; 2) hand-hoed two to three times...
Three experiments whose objectives were to investigate cover
crop kill by winter freeze, weed suppression by 'Micah' barley and
other spring cereals, and allelopathic potential of cereal covers
were conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm and in the greenhouse
and growth chamber facilities at OSU in 1989/90. Kill by winter...
There is limited information available on production of trailing blackberry, particularly certified organic plantings, which are of interest to growers as there is increased consumer demand and a price premium over conventionally-produced fruit. Various production strategies were evaluated for their effect on yield, biomass production, carbon (C), and nutrient concentrations...
The use of grass cover crops is a recommended practice in
nonirrigated vineyards in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Two
studies were initiated to investigate the competitive and
noncompetitive effects of grass cover crops on the growth and
development of Pinot noir grapevines. Two greenhouse pot culture
experiments were performed to...
Water use restrictions are continuing to have an impact on the way turf is managed today and will be managed in the future. The objective of this research was to evaluate the irrigation requirements of ten newly established cool-season turfgrass species maintained under two different mowing height and nitrogen fertility...
Sorbitol-induced osmotic stress (SIOS) to the root was found to be effective in
reducing transpirational water loss in plants during water stress. Mechanisms of SIOS in
stomatal control were investigated in containerized apples (Malus domestica Borkh.
'Gala'/M26) when leaf water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), turgor potential (Ψp),
stomatal conductance...
The effect of lifting date and root-pruning treatments on
water potential, root regeneration, and shoot growth of six-month-old
and three-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings bare-root transplanted
into a growth chamber, and sawdust bed, respectively, was studied.
Root growth in six-month-old and three-year-old seedlings was
highest in February and August respectively. Survival was...
Dormancy of 'Pinot Noir' grapevines was characterized. Primary buds
required ca 300 cumulative chilling hours (CCH) to initiate the transition from
endodormancy to ecodormancy, which occurred in mid November. Additional
chilling, up to 1000 CCH, improved budbreak. Changes in bud water content
were estimated by gravimetric and spectroscopic methods. Total,...
The Pacific Northwest region of the United States is known for quality production of blueberries, blackberries, and red raspberries. However, as the climate shifts to warmer, drier, and more extreme summers, growing these water intensive berry crops is becoming increasingly difficult. Furthermore, water regulations within agriculture are becoming more prevalent...
Urban landscape water use is increasingly a focus of water conservation efforts. This is especially true in the arid and semi-arid regions of the western United States where increased demand, environmental concerns, and extended periods of drought have created chronic water shortages. However, until recently, little attention has been paid...
Drought and mandatory water restrictions are limiting the availability of irrigation water in many important blueberry growing regions and new strategies are needed to maintain yield and fruit quality with less water. Three potential options for reducing water use, including deficit irrigation, irrigation cut-offs, and crop thinning, were evaluated for...
Two experiments were conducted on wine grapes 'Chardonnay' and
'Gewurtztraminer' (Vitis vinifera L.) in 1986 and 1987 to
investigate the performance of grapes in competition with perennial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) 'Manhattan 11' sod, the competition
between sod and grapes for nutrients and moisture and the effects
of nitrogen fertilization...
Morphology of Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc) Miq. 'Ananasnaya' vines was studied at two sites in Oregon in 1998 and one site in 1999. Three-year-old vines at site 1 and 8-year-old vines at site 2 were observed. Five types of fruiting wood were studied: spur; one-year-old from the cordon, from...
Several variations of budding and cutting propagation methods
were tested for use with filberts. Both summer budding and chip
budding attempts were generally unsuccessful. However, the results
of employing measures to retard desiccation of buds and increase
callusing rates indicate possibilities for future success. Numerous
sheathing, wrapping and sealing materials...
Phenolic compounds are known to have biological activity with beneficial effects on human health. Fruit of cultivated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are a major source of phenolics in the U.S. diet because this crop is the second most consumed vegetable per capita, but actual levels are low compared to other...
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred by an increase in black raspberry consumption due to studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill adapted...
Strawberry is economically the most important berry crop grown worldwide and breeders are continuously striving to develop improved cultivars. So far, marker assisted breeding (MAB) in strawberry has been limited to the private sector. However, loci controlling some traits of economic importance such as perpetual flowering (PF) and soluble solids...
Winegrapes are an important crop for Oregon agriculture, ranking amongst the top ten agricultural commodities based on farmgate value. The most widely planted winegrape cultivar in the state is ‘Pinot noir’ (Vitis vinifera L.), and the majority of acreage is produced in the Willamette Valley. Production of quality ‘Pinot noir’...
The omnivorous ground beetle, Pterostichus melanarius Illager (Coleoptera: Carabidae), is a ubiquitous inhabitant of western Oregon crop land. Because it is often the most abundant ground beetle, and attains densities that could lead to serious impacts on its prey sources, I sought to understand the overall diet composition, and specifically...
A rootstock trial was established in 1997 at the OSU Woodhall vineyard, located in the Southern Willamette Valley, which included two experiments. The first experiment was a factorial of four varieties grafted on to 9 rootstocks, and also as ungrafted vines (a split-plot design). The second experiment was a randomized...
Four aspects of factors influencing the accuracy of nondestructive chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) measurement in fresh leaves were studied: (1) optimum wavelength (OW) identification; (2) indices development and evaluation; (3) influence of leaf properties; and (4) influence of meter parameters and sampling technique. Results were used to develop indices...
The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was employed on snap bean (OR 91G x PI433251B) and dry bean (M0162 x PI433251B) interspecific populations to transfer resistance QTL from resistant donor parent Phaseolus coccineus into P. vulgaris. For OR 91G x PI433251B, analyses produced nine linkage groups corresponding to...
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important disease of Cucurbita worldwide. Resistant cultivars are the best means of control. ZYMV resistance is quantitative in the wild species C. ecuadorensis, and is controlled by at least three genes in tropical C moschata. Very little molecular work has been done in...
The control of filbert (Corylus Avellana L.) suckers by means
of herbicides was investigated in three phases during 1968 and 1969.
(1) Screening trials, on canned filbert trees in the greenhouse, to
determine the effectiveness of various herbicides and concentrations
in controlling vegetative growth. (2) A summary experiment in the...
Nut drop in the filbert is a consequence of the senescence of the
husk. It is possible to accelerate this process by the application of
ethephon (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid after the nut has abscised
from the base of the husk. This study is an investigation on the physiological
effects of the...
A regional analysis of the street tree problem has been undertaken in order to evolve a system of tree classification
which would be useful to city planners, arborists, and landscape architects who have the responsibility of selecting trees to fulfill their design requirements for the city street. Three lines of...
A rapid and sensitive HPLC method for quantifying both the
reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione simultaneously in woody
plant tissues was developed. This method was applicable to a variety
of woody plant species and different tissues. Total glutathione
content in the bark tissue of seven of the woody plant...
Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a devastating pest that attacks thin-skinned stone and small fruit in all major production regions of the United States and worldwide. D. suzukii first appeared in the United States in 2008 and is believed to be native to Southeast Asia. This vinegar fly has a...
Studies with fluorodifen were conducted to gain more information
about its field performance and the influence of light quantity,
quality and timing of exposure on its phytotoxic properties. Uptake
and trans location in three plant species were also investigated.
These studies were aimed at evaluating the usefulness of this chemical...
Techniques to measure vegetative maturity and dormancy
of deciduous nursery stock were investigated in red-osier
dogwood. Previous methods which were based on: survival
or tip dieback, change in level of ethylene production,
xylem water potential, and alteration of square wave traces
traces, provided no better indication of dormancy than did...
Twenty-eight bean breeding lines and cultivars were classified
for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus type strain 7634 (BYMV)
and severe strain Gilbert 6 (BYMV-S). 'Great Northern U.I. 31'
(G.N. 31) and breeding lines (S-lines) selected from a cross between
G.N. 31 and O.S.C. 21 were chosen as parents for...
Experiments were conducted to determine if the plagiotropic
growth habit of rooted cuttings of Douglas-fir might result from a
system favoring the accumulation of indoleacetic acid in the adaxial
side of the shoot in response to vertical placement.
Actively growing excised branch terminals were subjected to
gravitational disorientation to determine...
Chemicals are being sought that can control weeds in lettuce
under different environmental conditions, soil types and weed populations.
The extensive or repeated use of a herbicide may lead to important
changes in the weed population which call for new materials
that can take care of the modified situation.
In...
Flower bud influence on rootability of Rhododendron shoots was
assayed by rooting leaf-petiole cuttings. Monthly samples of an easy-and
an intermediate-to-root cultivar showed periods of poor rooting
in the latter during flower development, although both rooted similarly
during bud dormancy. The decrease in rooting-potential following
flower initiation and development was...
Adventitious root formation can be inhibited in stem cuttings
of Pisum sativum L. (pea), an easy-to-root species, if the apical
and lateral buds are removed. Application of exogenous auxin to
the apical stump can replace the rooting stimulus produced by the
buds. Root number was reduced by 50 to 100%...
Inheritance of the volatile components in bush snap beans,
O.S.U. 58-110 X 'Romano' cross and reciprocal, was determined
using gas-liquid chromatographic technique with gas-entrainment
on-column trapping. A sample of 10 to 14 pods averaging 5 grams
from a single plant was found to be adequate for F₁, F₂, and backcross...
The inheritance of ten characteristics of sweet corn was studied
by quantitative genetic analysis. Characters studied were tassel
date, silk date, plant height, ear height, shank length, husk extension,
tip blanking, number of kernel rows, ear length, and weight of the
first ear.
Diallel crosses were made between seven inbred...
The easy picking characteristic, expressed as low pod detachment force (PDF),
offers a way to decrease pod damage in bush green beans mechanically harvested for
processing and fresh market, and makes hand picking easier and faster. This study was
undertaken to examine inheritance in a cross of two green bean...
A parthenocarpic breeding line, Oregon T5, from
Oregon State University, was crossed with several commercial
cultivars. Progenies were studied for 2 years
as both direct-seeded plants and transplants in the
field at Corvallis, Oregon to determine the inheritance
of parthenocarpy in Oregon T5. Both quantitative
and qualitative measurements of parthenocarpy...
Pea streak virus (Marmor trifolii Holmes) is widespread and
occasionally destructive in Eastern Oregon and Washington, and in
many other pea growing areas. Since control by the use of insecticides
to kill the insect vector is only partially successful, resistant
varieties of peas are needed.
In a study to confirm...
Gynoecious inbred lines of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus
L.) with high (HF), medium (MF) and low (LF) percentage of
gynoecious plants were used in crosses with monoecious
Chinese cultivars with high (HN), medium (MN) and low (LN)
percentage of nodes with female flowers. F₁ and F₂ progenies
from these parents crossed...
The influence of mycorrhizae on the nutrient uptake of
strawberries and red raspberries was investigated. On red raspberries
innoculation with a mycorrhizal fungus resulted in increased P uptake
and a greater concentration of P in the shoots of the plants. The
strawberries were innoculated with 2 species of mycorrhizal fungus....
Research was carried out to determine the influence of increasing
the percentage base saturation of the soil on the yield of
the commercial strawberry. It was found that the effect of increasing
the bases in the soils was directly related to the original
percentage base saturation. When this original value...
The nutrient elements needed for the optimum
growth and yield of pear trees is vitally important to the
pear growers. The knowledge of the amounts and kinds of
fertilizer to apply to obtain this growth could increase
the production and cut the costs for these growers.
Field experiments have been...
Tipburn is a widespread physiological disorder of cabbage and
lettuce, caused by calcium deficiency. Symptoms of tipburn are
necrosis on margins of outer and inner head leaves in lettuce,
whereas in cabbage it is only on margins of inner leaves. Tipburn
on outer leaves may develop early, but symptoms remain...
Greenhouse-grown, September-harvested Lilium longiflorum cv. 'Nellie white' bulbs were used to determine temperature requirements during 5 pre-bloom and 1 post-bloom phases of development each of 1 month's duration. Plantes were subjected to 3 air temperatures(24°day/ 18°C night, 18°/13° and 13°/10°) in combination with soil temperatures at 30°, 24°, and equal...
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive insect pest that has become established and problematic in the Pacific Northwest. Known colloquially as the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), H. halys causes direct damage through feeding activity on a wide range of agronomic and horticultural crops. The objectives of this...
Hydrogen cyanamide (CY) induced earlier budbreak, more
uniform and a higher percentage of budbreak in resting
poplar (Populus alba x P. gradidentata, NC 5339) plants.
However, it was phytotoxic to poplar when applied at 0.5 M
or higher concentrations. Percent budbreak increased and
percent dieback decreased when poplar plants were...
The expression and inheritance of a leaf distortion of beans was
studied in a group of the Oregon State University breeding lines and a
commercial cultivar. Of seven parents involved, two were without distortion
and classified normal, and the remainder were affected by
various degrees of distortion. The distortion affected...
Anthesis of both staminate and pistillate flowers of Corylus occurs in midwinter. To insure adequate pollination and nut set, these flowers must attain a sufficient hardiness level to withstand low temperatures. This study estimated cold hardiness of Corylus cultivars and species using laboratory freezing of shoots without artificial hardening. In...
'Jubilee' sweet corn was grown under conventional tillage and
strip tillage in 1982 and under conventional tillage, strip tillage
and no-till culture in 1983. Effects on soil temperature,
stand establishment, plant development parameters, overall yield,
yield components, and water use efficiency were measured.
In 1982, conventional tillage appeared to have...
Hemp is a dioecious, annual, flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family. It has been used for thousands of years to produce textiles, essential oils, and medicines. The overall purpose of these experiments was to propagate the cannabinoid-free cultivar, ‘I3’, and follow up by inducing polyploidy in the ‘I3’ hemp via...
The effects of planting date on mineral element
concentration in sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Jubilee) at six
developmental stages and on yield were investigated.
Planting dates were chosen to correspond to early,
mid-season, and late commercial plantings. Two nitrogen
rates were applied since nitrogen is more often limiting...
The response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa cultivar
Jubilee) to 12 populations and four nitrogen rates was studied in a
field experiment. Populations ranged from 43, 904 to 329,800
plants/ha with nitrogen levels ranging from 0 to 224 Kg/ha. A systematic
spacing design was used. Plant height,...
The effects of soil incorporated lime and K on the concentrations
of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B and Zn in the
leaves of filbert trees (Corylus aveliana L. cv Barcelona)
were investigated. One year old filbert trees of uniform
size were grown in Laurelwood clay loam...
The effects of light incident on leafy cuttings is
quite complex because' light influences several factors
which may affect root formation. One effect of light is
to influence the carbohydrate status of the cutting by
influencing photosynthesis. The role of current photosynthate
in the rooting of leafy cuttings is uncertain....
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an invasive insect pest, has established populations in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Halyomorpha halys is a potential pest of many specialty crops in the Willamette Valley, including hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.). The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize the...
This study reports finding of two rootstock experiments planted in 1997. The purpose of the first experiment was to evaluate the performance of Pinot noir on 19 phylloxera-resistant rootstocks and as an ungrafted vine. The purpose of the second experiment was to evaluate the performance of V. Vinifera cultivars Pinot...
The experiments in this thesis are reported as two journal
articles. The first article. The effect of rootstock and scion on
above- and below-graft leaf mineral nutrient content of sweet cherry,
is a field sampling experiment dealing with the effect of Stockton-
Morello and F 12-1 mazzard rootstocks on 'Royal...
The effect of incorporated sawdust, sawdust mulch and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on soil nutrients and other properties, N uptake, and plant growth in a young blueberry planting on a silt loam soil type was studied in 2004 and 2005. ‘Elliott’ highbush blueberry plants were established on raised beds that...