Detailed surveys of several segments of the Peru Trench show
that the region between 6° to 10⁰ S is an area of recent deformation.
Seismic reflection records across the axis of the trench show faulting,
uplift, and tilting of the sedimentary fill and the acoustic basement.
Uplift of the acoustic...
Observations of wind, currents, sea level and hydrography
obtained during the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE-I) are
described. Only phenomena with periods longer than a day are considered.
One section describes the changes observed during a period
of variable winds in early July 1972. Another describes a ribbon of
relatively...
An experimental investigation of the thermohaline, diffusive interface between convecting layers, with heat fluxes more similar to natural fluxes than in previous studies, shows that the formula suggested by Huppert (1971) for the dependence of heat flux on interface stability cannot be extrapolated to stability numbers higher than seven and...
The thesis examines the principal air-sea properties at Ocean
Station Vessel N (30N 140W). In a descriptive section, meteorological
and oceanographic data for N are analyzed over 20 years (1951-1970)
and 7 years (1964-1970), respectively. A rainfall estimate is constructed
for the 20 year period. The yearly average rainfall is...
Micropaleontological data have been analyzed through mathematical
and statistical procedures, in order to: (1) establish the distribution
pattern of radiolarian assemblages in the surface sediments,
(2) establish the relationship of these assemblages with oceanographic
variables, (3) determine the faunal composition down-core with
respect to the faunal surface pattern, and (4)...
A simplified autoradiographic method for estimating species-specific
phytoplankton production rates in mixed natural communities
was evaluated in the laboratory and employed in the field. Laboratory
experiments were designed to test the reliability and variability of
the simplified method. Assays of ¹⁴C uptake by liquid scintillation
spectrometry were used to evaluate...
In order to determine whether the sediments found on the landward
wall of the Peru Trench are accreted Nazca Plate sediments,
the clay mineralogy and organic carbon contents of 52 surface
samples were submitted to factor analysis. Q-mode factor analysis
resolved the data from the Nazca Plate and Peru continental...
A study has been made of the vertical distributions and
migrations of a large number of zooplankton species at Weather
Station "P" in the Subarctic Pacific. Simultaneously towed horizontal
opening-closing nets were used for the study. The distributions
and migrations of 104 taxa have been subjectively grouped
into seven basic...
Anomaly timescales for the last 90 million years, derived from
marine magnetic profiles and published prior to mid-1979, are summarized,
illustrated for comparison, and critically reviewed. A revised timescale
is constructed using calibration points which fix the ages of anomalies
2.3', 5.5, 24, and 29. An equation is presented for...
Patterns of beach erosion and accretion due to jetty construction
are examined for the coast of Oregon. All jetty systems are
included with the exception of those on the Columbia River, making a
total of nine systems.
All evidence indicates that these areas of the Oregon coast are
experiencing a...
A total of 57 core top samples from the Panama Basin were
used in a quantitative study of complete radiolarian thanatocoenoses
to determine whether surface oceanographic conditions are reflected
in the microplankton faunas deposited onto and buried in the sea floor.
Information obtained from this study was used to resolve...
A two-year field study was made of a population of the California
Sea Mussel, Mytilus californianus, located on a protected tidal bench
at Yaquina Head on the Central Oregon Coast. This animal was
chosen because it is attached to the rocks, filters particulate matter
from the water, produces large amounts...
The Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) program has carried
out an intensive study of physical and chemical parameters in the
Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. As a result, an enormous collection of high
quality data has been amassed for these two oceans. To analyze the
Pacific data, fourteen stations extending from...
Large-volume (20-liter) bioassays were carried out in order to
assess the effects of major nutrients and micro-nutrients on
natural phytoplankton populations in water collected from a site
close to the mouth of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Seven long-term
experiments were conducted during the years 1975-1976. A stripping
technique employing activated carbon...
Siletz Bay is a drowned river valley filled with Holocene alluvial
and estuarine sediments and is separated from the ocean by a sand
spit 3.8 km in length. Since the area was settled by white man in the
1890's, the bay has apparently experienced rapid siltation, due to
increased farming...
Theoretical breaking criteria for progressive surface gravity
waves are examined, and laboratory and field experiments concerned
with breaking waves are reviewed with respect to the testing of these
breaking criteria. The measurements of Komar and Simmons are
presented here for the first time. Only three theoretical breaking
criteria have been...
Geothermal resources are characterized by a very low electrical
resistivity of the reservoir formations. The application of electrical
methods in the reconnaissance type exploration for such resources is
discussed. It is concluded that the magneto-telluric method is very
well suited for this purpose.
In 1971 and 1972 a reconnaissance type...
A chemostatic system was developed for the long term studies
of population dynamics of chain forming diatoms. Vessel volume
rather than flow rate was varied in these systems to obtain different
growth rates at steady state in systems with an equal capacity to
produce.
Population level responses to high dilution...
The one-dimensional numerical model developed by Carl R.
Goodwin is applied to the Siuslaw estuary. Vertical displacement,
horizontal velocity and flow of the water as a function of time and
distance from the mouth given by the model are compared with field
observations taken under different water mixing conditions in...
A new technique for determining the amount of opal in deep-sea
sediments of any age is described. Using a normative calculation, a
portion of the analytical silica concentration of sediments is subtracted
as non-biogenic in proportion to the concentration of aluminum in the
sample. The ratio of SiO₂:Al₂O₃ used to...
This study of the immediate, localized effects of a small dredging
operation on the benthic invertebrate community in the shipping
channel of Coos Bay, Oregon, was designed: 1) to measure the extent
of the physical removal of benthic macro- and meiofauna by hopper
dredging; 2) to record the subsequent benthic...
The refractive index of particulate matter suspended in seawater
is nonuniform and potentially is an indicator of composition and
origin. A method is described for determining the refractive index
distribution. The method requires the measurement of the volume
scattering function and assumes the total size distribution to be
capable of...
Diadora aspera is an intertidal keyhole limpet found in the mid-tidal zone. Its activity pattern was estimated under laboratory conditions using time-lapse-photography and manometric determinations of oxygen consumption. Statistical and computer analyses of the photographic data suggest the presence of both a 24 hour and a 12-13 hour rhythm in...
In the upper estuary of Yaquina Bay, Oregon, there is an annual
population explosion of Acartia tonsa, (Dana) a calanoid copepod,
during the months of July, August and September, followed by a rapid
decline to virtual extinction in November. The restricted estuarine
distribution affords an excellent opportunity to study the...
Cores taken from the ridge areas of the Gorda-Juan de Fuca
plate have a sedimentation rate that is appropriate for the study of
late Quaternary stratigraphy. An analysis of the clay and silt
mineralogy of the cores using X-ray diffraction methods and by
noting changes in the foraminiferan-radiolarian abundances in...
Easter Island and Sala y Gomez are part of the Sala y Gomez
Ridge, a broad band of high topography and scattered seamounts
extending ESE from the East Pacific Rise. It has been proposed that
the Sala y Gomez Ridge results from the movement of the Nazca Plate
over a...
The portion of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 5° and 12°S
can be subdivided into three areas by fracture zones that offset the
rise axis at about 6.5°S and 9°S. In all three regions, the spreading
axis of the EPR is defined by a topographic block 300 to 350...
A detailed study of iron concentrations measured by the reducible,
reactive ferrous, and extractable methods was conducted in Auke Bay,
Alaska during June 1973 and in Hood Canal, Washington during October
1973 and April 1974. The concentrations by each method were generally
highest at the bottom and decreased towards the...
An ice cover which progrades over a shallow ocean in the form
of an ice front may induce a baroclinic flow in the underlying water,
provided that the brine excluded from the freezing surface layer is
mixed rapidly through out the underlying water column. A series of
models are developed...
Two beaches with significant differences in grain size and thus in beach profile morphology and response to wave conditions were studied on the Oregon coast. Gleneden Beach, just south of Siletz Spit and Lincoln City, has a median grain size of 0.36 mm (medium sand) and a steep beach face...
Natural populations of phytoplankton from Yaquina Bay, Oregon,
were incubated in large polyethelene bags in- situ, with and without
the natural assemblage of zooplankton. Samples were taken daily for
two weeks in April, 1974. The biomass of phytoplankton in the bag
without grazers reached values two to three times the...
The Carnegie Ridge is a linear, aseismic, submarine ridge
lying between the Galapagos Islands and the coast of South America.
A 2300 meter deep saddle near 86°W. longitude divides the ridge into
western and eastern segments. Surface ship, near bottom, and grain
size studies from the saddle have been used...
The thermal regime of a postulated descending lithospheric slab
is calculated. The gravity anomaly associated with such a structure
is large in amplitude and long in wavelengh. Observed free-air
gravity anomalies in the Pacific Northwest do not indicate a gravitational
effect due to a descending slab.
Two hypothetical compensation models...
Short-term changes in the distribution, surface to 10 meters, of
phytoplankton-associated trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, and
Cu) were studied in the near-shore waters off Humboldt Bay,
California, through the summer of 1971. The depth distribution of
phytoplankton-associated trace metals was related to local hydrography.
During periods...
During eleven cruises conducted off the Oregon continental
slope from April 1973 to March 1975, approximately 1600 specimens
of the majid crab Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun were collected.
A time sequence of size frequency histograms and bivariate plots of
allometric measurements were used to determine size classes,
population structure, growth and...
Eleven cruises were conducted on the Oregon continental slope from April 1973 to March 1975 to assess the biology and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun. Bathymetric and seasonal analysis of the distribution of adult Tanner crabs west of Coos Bay, Oregon, revealed no segregation of sexes or...
Detailed bathymetric survey data were collected along the Peruvian
continental margin and were compiled by the author and other
investigators to construct a new bathymetric map for the area between
6° to 18°S latitude. Based on this map and individual bathymetric
profiles, the continental shelf topography is essentially flat. Four...
Specimens of Citharichthys stigmaeus, the speckled sanddab,
were taken from Yaquina Bay, Newport, Oregon and exposed for
eight days to dissolved measured concentrations ranging from 2.9
μg/l to 190 μg/1 of the polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor® 1260.
Oxygen consumption was measured to determine any change from
routine levels of respiration. This...
Natural radionuclides may be indicators for dense mineral
placers along marine shorelines. Relict beach and river deposits
occur in continental shelf sediments. These deposits result from the
reworking of beach sands by wave action during the Holocene Transgression.
Some dense, resistant minerals associated with placer
deposits are known to contain...
The continental terrace west of Oregon between 43° 50'N and
44° 40' N latitude is 50 to 55 miles wide. It consists of a continental
shelf, 16 to 35 miles wide, and a continental slope, 16 to 37 miles
wide. The eastern portion of the shelf is a smooth, sediment...
The foraminiferal population of Yaquina Bay was investigated
to attempt a correlation of seasonal changes in the hydrography with
observed changes in the faunal distribution patterns. The results
are based on data from two spatial surveys conducted in July 1966,
and late February and March, 1967.
The hydrography of Yaquina...
Phytoplankton dynamics in Auke Bay, Alaska, were studied during
summer, 1969. Nitrate, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon,
phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition and hydrographic
and meteorological data were collected and analyzed.
Nitrate input into Auke Bay through freshwater runoff was negligible.
A bloom of Thalassiosira aestivalis formed the spring bloom...
The results of measurements of the fluxes of momentum, moisture and sensible heat in the marine boundary layer are described.
Two techniques for obtaining the fluxes are discussed. The fluxes
of these quantities are most directly obtained by the eddy correlation
method, that is, by measuring the fluctuating vertical and...