The analysis of a member carrying a combination of lateral and axial
loads (a "beam-column") is a problem of frequent occurrence in aircraft
structural design. This thesis presents the derivation and application
of the Polar method, both analytical and graphical. The method was first
suggested in Germany, several years later...
The "old-growth controversy" in the Pacific Northwest recognized thinning as the
primary silvicultural practice for land managers to produce wildlife habitat while
continuing to produce timber. For the foreseeable future, forest stands will be harvested to
produce forest gaps and a patchwork of trees of different ages. In order to...
One of the most economically important genes in squash (Cucurbita spp.) is the B gene which conditions precocious depletion of chlorophyll in preanthesis fruit. The B genes are found naturally occurring in at least three of the five domesticated species of Cucurbita, including C. pepo, C. maxima and, most recently...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) comes in a huge assortment of fresh and dried varieties, including snap beans, kidney beans, and pinto beans. Together, these and other market classes provide a third of the daily dietary protein in some cultures, particularly in Africa, Asia, and developing nations in the Americas....
Improving crop cultivars for use on organic farms is pertinent, as current elite germplasm is less resilient within the more variable context of organic farm environments. Although a growing number of studies have focused on organic plant breeding in cereal crops, very few have focused on vegetable crops, especially those...
Small-scale fisheries often suffer from weak, formal governance, and in response they organize in various ways. These self-organizational arrangements rely on the capacity of informal institutions, such as norms and communication, in generating social cohesion among actors in the supply chain and therefore improve the likelihood of generating commonly devised...
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James R. Watson
Small-scale fisheries often suffer from weak, formal governance
Small-scale fisheries around the world are increasingly facing pressures from a range of environmental, economic, and social sources. In order to sustain the societal benefits of small-scale fisheries, it is imperative to understand how fishing communities adapt to disturbances. Fishermen often catch multiple different species as an adaptation technique because...
The persistent color (pc) trait in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to a member of the cosmetic stay-green gene family. It is considered very desirable by snap bean breeders for its impacts on pod quality. Persistent color imparts a uniform dark-green color to pods and expresses in seeds as...
Although the concept of breeding crops for organic agricultural systems has been around for decades, few studies have been reported for vegetable crops to quantify and compare how conventional and organic systems differ in their selection pressures on genotypes advancing through the breeding cycle; especially research utilizing modern sequencing capabilities....
Root rot diseases are a major constraint to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
production around the world. Both snap beans and dry beans are affected. Root rot diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens; however, Fusarium solani is a common causal agent. Fusarium root rot is a primary yield...
Snap beans are the vegetable form of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with low fiber, stringless and round, succulent pods that are eaten in the immature stage. Seed companies commit significant resources to maintaining purity and uniformity of snap bean cultivars. While some variability may be introduced through outcrossing (beans...
The heat-transfer mechanism studied in this experiment was
pool boiling from a flat horizontal surface facing upward with the
bulk liquid at its saturation temperature. The hot-film anemometer
probe was introduced to boiling heat-transfer analysis as a possible
device for counting active nucleation sites and for other investigations
such as...
A qualitative evaluation was made of the adherence between
borosilicate glass and the ceramics, steatite and alumina. Three
basic adherence studies were performed.
(1) A comparison between the x-ray diffraction patterns of
the ceramic and the fused glass-ceramic powder mixture was made
to determine if any new compounds were formed...
The effects of round, square, and reentrant entrances on flow
regimes and local heat transfer coefficients were determined using a symmetrical,
plane-wall two-dimensional, subsonic air diffuser with one
of the diverging walls heated and maintained isothermal.
Flow and heat transfer studies were made at total divergence
angles ranging from 0...
The purpose of this thesis work has been the design, construction
and calibration of an instrumented surface for convective heat
transfer studies. The surface is in the form of a flat plate roughly
24 inches wide by 48 inches long. It is made up of 48 individual
cells, laminated side-by-side...
The free convective heat transfer phenomena in air between two
vertical plates 24 by 38 inches spaced 15.895 mm apart, was investigated in this experimental study. One plate was isothermal and, the
other adiabatic.
A quartz fiber anomometer was used for measuring local
velocities in the air between the vertical...
There is need for more knowledge of the naturally acquired
diseases of the laboratory rat. Respiratory diseases occurring in
the species were reviewed with special reference to an acute respiratory
disease affecting certain rats in the Oregon State University
closed Wistar rat colony which has also involved human infections.
The...
A constant temperature anemometer, utilizing quartz coated hot
film probes, was used to measure velocities from .1 to 5 cm/sec.
The effects on anemometer performance due to time, reimmersion,
and metallic sensor coatings were examinated by repeated calibrations
of the probes. Contrary to previous published results, calibration
change due to...
Radiation induced heat generation rates of several nonfissionable materials were measured calorimetrically in a nuclear reactor environment. The calorimeter was uniquely designed to allow many materials of grossly different heat generation rates to be measured. heat transfer characteristics of the calorimeter were determined analytically and experimentally. Materials were chosen to...
The selenium-responsive syndromes and the discovery of
Factor 3-selenium focused attention on selenium in metabolism. Two
hypotheses have been advanced to explain the metabolic effect of
selenium: 1) substitution or sparing of alpha tocopherol, and 2) a
primary role in metabolism. The first hypothesis is supported by
Scott and Desai,...
An experimental investigation was conducted for natural convection
heat transfer in an array of uniformly heated vertical cylinders
in mercury. The test section consisted of seven electrically heated
cylinders of 1.365 inch diameter and 3.825 inch heated length
arranged in an equilateral triangular pattern. In order to preclude
side flow...
A cold trap is a device used to remove certain impurities from
a liquid metal by controlled precipitation of such impurities.
An investigation of the thermal characteristics of laminar flow
in two air-cooled cold traps was made. This investigation showed
that the sodium heat transfer rate is a function of...
Natural convection heat transfer in air between two vertical
plates 38 by 24 inches was investigated in this work with spacings
between the plates of 0.625, 1.0 and 1.75 inches. One plate was isothermal
and the other adiabatic.
To measure the point velocities in the air layer a very thin...
Note: From here on Minimum Pollution Product and MPP will be used
interchangeably.
This study was initiated to develop a trademark which could be
registered and used for advertising purposes by companies producing
and selling products which are minimum pollutants relative to competitive
products in the same market.
One of...
Concern about noise pollution has swept the country.
People are conscious of their environment and are trying to
preserve or to improve it. When the City of Lake Oswego
selected a site for their water treatment plant, they had
to assure the neighbors that it would not increase the
ambient...
A study was conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics
of pin finned heat sinks in natural convection. Three pin
diameters were studied: 0.238 cm, 0.318 cm and 0.396 cm. The pins
were attached to the base in two arrangements, triangular and
rectangular, forming a horizontal array. Pin spacing was...
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were artificially
infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) to study
the physiological and hematolgical consequences of ENV-infection.
Infected and control fish were held in
pathogen-free seawater and sampled weekly for five weeks.
Physiological tests included plasma cortisol, glucose,
protein, and osmolality, blood lactic acid, and liver...
An experimental study of the properties of plane jets issuing at various angles into a cross-flow of air was conducted to obtain information relating to the momentum diffusion properties of the jet flow in order to provide a background for predicting the feasibility of the preswirl concept of the Volumetric...
Organic agriculture is an important and growing sector of U.S. and world food production. Consumers are increasingly aware of and interested in the production practices and impacts associated with agriculture and as such, are showing a preference for sustainably produced, raised, and harvested foods. In order to continue to meet...
In this thesis the critical parameters involved in the
dislodgement and deformation of microbubbles in laminar
channel flow, are determined and evaluated. Experimentally
the effects of surface tension, viscosity, fluid flow rate,
density, and bubble diameter on bubble dislodgement were
evaluated. A theoretical scale analysis was performed which
provided a...
Differences in primary production and periphyton and macroinvertebrate
biomass between pairs of constrained (valley floor width of less than twice the active
channel width) and unconstrained reaches were investigated in Elk River and four
tributaries in southwest Oregon. In August 1991, macroinvertebrates were sampled
from individual cobbles, and rocks were...
Monoclonal antibodies were developed against USDA
challenge strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV).
Indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect antibodies
in supernatants of hybridomas. Hybridoma cells were developed
by fusing Sp 2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells obtained from
mice immunized four times with partially purified USDA
challenge strain...
Staphylococcal tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis are world-wide problems of
broilers and broiler breeders caused by staphylococci. Pathogenesis of the disease is
ill defined. Avian heterophils are analogous to mammalian neutrophils but the
granules appear to be different.
The first chemotactic study was done on heterophils from chickens having
natural staphylococcal infection...
During the operation of phase-change ink-jet printers a bubble formation
phenomenon often occurs. These bubbles are detrimental to the operation of
the printer and substantial efforts are made to remove them. The objective of
this research was 1: to develop a fundamental understanding of how bubble or
void formation occurs...
A two-dimensional model for predicting the rate of radiation
heat transfer for the interior of an industrial furnace is described.
The model is two-dimensional due to the assumptions of the heat
source as an infinite radiating plane and the heat sink as rows of
parallel tubes that are both infinite...
This study investigated the laboratory performance of crumb rubber modified
mixtures compared to a standard bituminous mixture using performance based test
procedures. This study was part of an asphalt resurfacing program for the Seattle
Washington area. Laboratory analyses were used to estimate the long term pavement
performance of these mixtures...
Large quantities of unused heavy oil and residual waste products from the petroleum refining industry were deposited in on-site landfills, pits, and lagoons, prior to the promulgation of regulations governing their disposal and technology development that would further utilize and/or recycle these materials.
Contacting petroleum products with sulfuric acid for...
Riparian areas contribute to numerous ecological-maintenance functions and so are
often the focus of protection efforts by land and resource management agencies. The riparian
land-use regulations of one jurisdiction, Lane County, Oregon, are assessed for effectiveness in
protecting ecological functions. Evaluation of the current condition of five elements of riparian...
Since 1983, the Oregon legislature and the Land Conservation
and Development Commission have been attempting to develop a
process whereby secondary resource lands can be identified and
designated. The most recent attempt at developing a secondary
lands model was completed in 1990 and was tested in six Oregon
Counties. Planners...
Increasing wilderness use, and the uneven distribution
of use within wilderness areas, have contributed to management
problems. Problems associated with some heavily visited areas are
in conflict with the intent of the Wilderness Act of 1964. One of
the constraints hindering optimal management has been the decentralized
nature of the...
A Delphi Expert Opinion procedure was used for evaluating Land Evaluation
and Site Assessment (LESA) ratings in Linn County, Oregon. The Delphi procedure uses
an expert panel to answer a set of questions by anonymous responses, controlled
feedback in two or three iterations, and a statistical summary of group responses....
The term Euclidean zoning is derived from the famous case
of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Company in which the U.S. Supreme
Court upheld the right of the town of Euclid to zone land on the
basis of land use categories (e.g. residential, commercial, and
industrial). Since Euclid, the field of...
There are certain circumstances where the zoning
ordinance must be modified to be just. The modifiers studied
for this paper were conditional use permits, special exceptions,
and variances. Philomath, Corvallis, and Benton
County, Oregon were the jurisdictions used for the study area.
It was determined that the exceptions to the...
The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology
whereby an objective evaluation of the performance approach to land
use planning may be possible. The methodology includes questionnaires
and a field sheet that relate to the administration process of permit
application and indicators of quality in developments. The methodology...
The purpose of Goal 3 in Oregon's statewide planning program is to conserve blocks of land suitable for commercial farm operations. Under state administrative rules, commercial means that which provides a substantial contribution to the regional agricultural economy. Application of this commercial standard by county governments has been inconsistent because...
Farm Use Assessment used as a planning tool to preserve
farmland in Oregon has achieved mixed success. While some land enrolled
in the program (especially near urban areas) has been converted to nonfarm
use, the majority of land has not. However, this may be due to
lack of '1opportunity profits"...
Marginal agricultural and forest lands are currently a focus of concern for public land use agencies in Oregon. Two alternatives for evaluating marginal agricultural lands are the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the marginal lands criteria of the 1983 Oregon Legislature's...
Marginal agricultural land is currently a focus of concern for
public land use agencies in Oregon. Two approaches for evaluating marginal
agricultural lands are the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model
of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, and the marginal lands criteria of
the 1983 Oregon Legislature's Senate Bill...
Planning for the visual resource has always been difficult
because of the complex nature of the subject matter. Recent federal
legislation has generated a large amount of research on the problem
of scenic measurement. Using an adaptation of a visual analysis
system used by the Forest Service, a fourteen square...
The preservation of land, such as wetlands and agricultural
lands, is often pursued through traditional methods such as zoning or
eminent domain. Transferable Development Rights provides a different
approach to the preservation of land by allowing the sale and transfer
of development rights from land to be protected to land...
A Geographic Information System (GIS) can be a powerful tool for solving land use planning
problems. The synthesis, analysis, and depiction of spatial data make it a valuable tool for land use
planners. A primary issue with GIS is the cost and time required to develop a functional system.
One...
Recent statistics have indicated a significant loss of
wetland area to agricultural conversion has occurred in the second
half of this century in the continental United States. Wetlands in
the Tualatin Valley were examined for consistency with this trend.
Acreage of non-linear palustrine wetlands in five classes were
calculated for...
The Bureau of Land Management's Lakeview District is
currently under pressure to allow 16,000 acres located throughout the
Christmas Lake Administrative Unit to be appropriated through the
Desert Land Entries Act of 1877. These appropriations are being
filed for by persons wishing to consolidate small public and private
land tracts...
The proliferation of nonfarm residential dwellings into agricultural areas is a prominent factor in the loss of agricultural land. In Oregon, permits for nonfarm dwellings in an agricultural zone must meet certain state criteria. The criteria contain vague phrases which are open to interpretation. Decision makers apply soil criteria as...
A process to distinguish between primary and
secondary resource lands is currently a concern of state and local
land-use agencies in Oregon. Two approaches for identifying
Secondary Resource Lands have been developed. The Land
Conservation and Development (LCDC) staff, in conjunction with the
County Planning Directors Association, have developed one...
A strong concern has been expressed with the siting of
container nurseries on high quality farmland in the Willamette
Valley. There have been claims that the nurseries don't use
the on site soil and potentially remove the soil on which they
locate permanently from crop production. This study has gathered...
Oregon's land use planning program to preserve
the agricultural land base and to maintain the agricultural
economy is dependent on detailed information concerning the
structure of commercial agricultural enterprises. This
information is presently incomplete and it was the purpose of
this research to test a systematic technique for collecting it....
The general objective of this project was to test a method to document
rates and pathways of early succession and investigate potential predictive
factors on a landscape to regional scale. The method incorporates remote
sensing, vector Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and raster GIS
modeling. Similar projects have been conducted elsewhere...
This paper discusses the structure, rationale, and
application of a monitoring system specifically designed to
identify and record conversion of lands with Soil Conservation
Service Soil Capability Classes I-IV. Research methodology and
design are structured to objectively assess the rates of agricultural
land conversion to non-farm uses over a given...
A study of the effects of public use airport designation vs private use airport
designation of Langmack Field in Sweet Home, Oregon was conducted. Langmack Field is a
small utility airport located in the middle of a residentially zoned area. The effects
of designation on the following groups were analyzed:...
A survey was developed for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to collect information about non-regulatory fish and wildlife habitat programs in nine states (Alaska, California, Florida, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, Pennsylvania, Texas and Vermont). Non-regulatory programs are voluntary and offer incentives to landowners who are interested in protecting or...
Alfalfa accumulates phytoestrogens and when ingested binds the estrogen receptor and induces morphological changes similar to endogenous estrogens. The objective of this study is to evaluate morphological changes in uteri, vulva, and teats of ovariectomized prepubertal ewe lambs. Eighteen prepubertal ewe lambs were ovariectomized in November 2000 and fed nonestrogenic...
The loss of wetlands in the United States has been widely
publicized. Wetland conversions to agricultural production have been
responsible for a large percentage of wetland losses. Partially in
recognition of the agricultural cause for this wetland loss, Congress
promulgated the "swampbuster" provisions of the Food Security Act of
1985....
The loss of important agricultural land is
presently a highly significant resource problem. Urbanization
processes, such as subdivision development in
urban fringe areas, is a primary factor in converting
agricultural land to urban land. The State of Oregon has
addressed this issue by requiring all cities and urban
counties to...
Oregon's agricultural land use goal, (Goal 3), was
established to protect farm land. Land designated as
Exclusive Farm Use is subject to various use provisions and
permit review criteria. Golf courses are permitted in the
EFU zone when they will not significantly change, or increase
the cost of, accepted farming...
The direction and scope of this research paper follows closely an earlier
sampling study conducted by Behm and Pease (1985). In this pilot project, the
authors employed a two-stage random sampling method in determining land use
estimates. Anderson's land use classification system was used for data
categorization (Table 1). The...
Due to recent changes in Oregon land-use regulations, agricultural
resource lands within exclusive farm-use zones are being designated
as high-value, important, or small-scale farmland according to their
relative potential for commercial agriculture. Potential gross
agricultural sales are used as a threshold in the designation of
small-scale farmlands; however, the regulations...
A two stage area-point sampling design was tested to estimate land
use change in a fast growth county. Random square miles were selected,
then subsampled at a density of 20 points per square mile. Twelve land
use categories were derived from an aggregation of the USGS Land Use!
Land Cover...
The effect of increasing numbers of non-commercial
farms, or hobby farms, on commercial agriculture is examined
through a comparison of Census of Agriculture data for the years
1978 and 1982. During this time, State Land Use Goal #3,
mandating the protection of farmland, was firmly in place and
exclusive farm...
Nine isolates of bacteria recovered from fish dying at
marine facilities were collected from different geographic areas.
The strains included: an isolate from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) reared in net pens in New Zealand, an isolate
from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) held at a laboratory in
Oregon, USA., and seven...
Southern pine and Douglas fir veneer samples were dried in air
under the following conditions: air temperatures were 350, 600, and
750°F; air velocities were 50, 100, and 150 feet per second, and
angles of impingement of air against the veneer surfaces were 0°,
45°, and 90°. The resulting drying...
This study examined features of deep pool (>0.8 m mean depth) used by
adult summer steelhead in Steamboat Creek (1991-1992). Steamboat Creek had
a heterogenous thermal profile, with some segments exceeding preferred
temperature of steelhead. Deep pools were scarce (4% of the total habitat units)
and 39% of them were...
The easy picking characteristic, expressed as low pod detachment force (PDF),
offers a way to decrease pod damage in bush green beans mechanically harvested for
processing and fresh market, and makes hand picking easier and faster. This study was
undertaken to examine inheritance in a cross of two green bean...
Genetic and morphological characteristics of an architectural mutant in common beans were studied. The mutant had shiny, dark green leaves, overlapping leaflets, short petioles and a reproductive terminal bud even though the line did not carry the fin gene. Branching was nearly absent resulting in a single stem vine. This...
The inheritance mode of pea-resistance to the Lentil
Strain of Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus (PSbMV-L) was
studied. In addition, commercial pea cultivars, Plant
Introduction (P.I.) lines and Oregon State University
(OSU) breeding lines were tested for susceptibility to
this virus. These lines were also tested for their
reaction to Bean...
Pea streak virus (Marmor trifolii Holmes) is widespread and
occasionally destructive in Eastern Oregon and Washington, and in
many other pea growing areas. Since control by the use of insecticides
to kill the insect vector is only partially successful, resistant
varieties of peas are needed.
In a study to confirm...
A parthenocarpic breeding line, Oregon T5, from
Oregon State University, was crossed with several commercial
cultivars. Progenies were studied for 2 years
as both direct-seeded plants and transplants in the
field at Corvallis, Oregon to determine the inheritance
of parthenocarpy in Oregon T5. Both quantitative
and qualitative measurements of parthenocarpy...
Twenty-eight bean breeding lines and cultivars were classified
for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus type strain 7634 (BYMV)
and severe strain Gilbert 6 (BYMV-S). 'Great Northern U.I. 31'
(G.N. 31) and breeding lines (S-lines) selected from a cross between
G.N. 31 and O.S.C. 21 were chosen as parents for...
To determine the effect of bud pollination, compared to pollination
of open flowers and crossing, on field characteristics of broccoli progenies,
an experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 at Corvallis, Oregon.
Single plants of 55 broccoli lines were pollinated, using four methods,
i.e. bud pollination (BP), open flower pollination...
The expression and inheritance of a leaf distortion of beans was
studied in a group of the Oregon State University breeding lines and a
commercial cultivar. Of seven parents involved, two were without distortion
and classified normal, and the remainder were affected by
various degrees of distortion. The distortion affected...
An inbred cabbage line (Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group))
and an inbred broccoli line (B. oleracea L. (Italica group)) were
crossed. F₁ progeny were vigorous annuals. Of 3,260 F₂ plants, 250
were biennials and 70 developed cabbage heads. Of these 70, 32 were
annuals. Days to first visible buds of...
The effect of raised bed culture on winter survival of ten pea
genotypes (Pisum sativum L.), differing in inherent cold hardiness
and growth habit, was studied under two climatic conditions: a moist
semi-maritime winter (Corvallis, Oregon) and a cold continental
winter (Weston, Oregon). An assessment of winter injury was based...
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of wet brewers' grain (WBG) alone and with straw so it can be used as part of the sole ration for ruminants. In Exp. 1, WBG was ensued alone and was mixed with one of two straws, wheat or tall fescue grass...
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a necrotrophic pathogen capable of causing white mold, a severe disease in common bean. White mold is of particular concern to the Oregon snap bean processing industry, where processors allow less than
3% incidence in harvested shipments. Breeding for white mold resistance in beans...
Soil moisture and temperature regimes during spring-summer 1996 were evaluated
in plots with compaction and organic residues treatments established in 1993 at three sites
in the Sierra National Forest after forest harvesting. The results indicate that the bare
condition (non-compacted soil with total removal of the harvesting residues and forest...
Effects of three mulches of tree foliage and twigs (red alder, Douglas-fir, and
salal) and homogenized, partially decomposed material (forest floor) on soil macronutrients
(Ca, K, Mg, P, NO3, and NH4) were evaluated in the summer of 1997. These
effects were measured with buried, coated ion-exchange resin bags at two...
The optimum goal of forest management is to foster long-term productivity and ecological integrity while maintaining or increasing short-term growth and yield through sustainable practices. Understory vegetation plays a definite role in forest functions through nutrient cycling and habitat provisions. The objective of this study was to determine how salal,...
A methodology for estimating streamf low characteristics on Ungaged
streams was developed for northwestern Oregon. Basin area and
basin area multiplied by the square root of relief were found to be
effective independent variables in regression models for estimating
the average annual flow, the average daily flood with a two-year...