The human intervertebral disc is a deceptively simple structure which plays an essential role in human movement. Even slight changes to the disc microenvironment can have far reaching consequences, particularly when these changes result in disc degeneration and herniation. Degeneration is increasingly tied to lower back pain; better understanding this...
Programming style is important for program understanding in programming tasks such as maintenance. testing, and debugging. The goal of programming style is to improve the readability of the source program without adversely affecting its performance.
Critique is a FORTRAN source program style critic which analyzes the source program and outputs...
Program understanding is a very important part of the testing and maintenance phases of the programming projects. The overall program knowledge, understanding the various parts of the program, and how they communicate are key steps in understanding the program. Hence data communication among modules contributes much to program complexity and...
Welcome to the spring edition of the OWRI Technical Newsletter. This edition showcases several articles and resources that will help you to prepare for the 2013 season. Dr. James Osborne, OSU Enology Extension Specialist, opens this edition with a timely article about Brettanomyces and winemaking. You will also find an...
Quickersort, Straight Insertion Sort, Mehlhorn's AVL-tree Sorting Algorithm and Cook's new sorting algorithm are compared on nearly and nedium sorted lists. The ratio of the minimum number of list elements that must be removed so that the remaining portion of the list is in order to the size of the...
FORTRAN permits both explicit and implicit options for both data declaration and type conversion features. This study investigated the effects of explicit and implicit data declaration and type conversion features on a program comprehension task performed by FORTRAN programmers in an introductory programming course. The results indicated that both factors...
This paper reports the findings of two studies conducted at Oregon State University. The first set of studies compares use of header comments versus mnemonic procedure and function names by programmers performing tasks relating to modification tasks. The second study compares the use of header comments versus in-line comments when...
Many studies have shown that expert programmers are more effective at debugging programs than novice programmers. These studies have suggested that the major reason for this difference is due to the experts' superior comprehension of the program. This paper reports two experiments which investigated expert and novice student programmers program...
This study examined the UNIX command abbreviation schemes preferred by expert and novice UNIX programmers. The two parts of the conducted experiment were: subjective rating of UNIX command abbreviations for each of the six abbreviation categories (acronym, combination, contraction, identity, synonym, and truncation); subjects suggested descriptive command names for UNDC...
There is disagreement about the role and importance of typographic style (source code formatting and commenting) in program comprehension. Results from experiments and opinions in programming style books are mixed.
This paper presents principles of typographic style consistent and compatible with the results of program comprehension studies. It introduces the...
The end of the European phase of the war lessens somewhat the demands on the military for food in one theater of operations. The successful prosecution of the Pacific phase of the war and the needs of the liberated peoples of the world, plus the civilian requirements of the allied...
This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment comparing debugging abilities of novice, intermediate and skilled student programmers. Debugging performance differences were studied using two single-page Pascal programs: a binary search program and a median calculation program. Two types of semantic errors, array bounds and undefined variable, and two...
In this expanded new edition of Living with Earthquakes, Robert Yeats, a leading authority on earthquakes in California and the Pacific Northwest, describes the threat posed by the Cascadia Subduction Zone, a great earthquake fault which runs for hundreds of miles offshore from British Columbia to northern California. New research...
Persistent and uncontrolled inflammation is the root cause of various debilitating diseases. Given that interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical modulator of inflammation, inhibition of its activity with selective drug molecules (IRAK4 inhibitors) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory disorders. To exploit the full potential of this...
Shape transformation is a technique for gradually changing one geometric shape to another. A recent approach presents the use of thin-plate radial basis functions as opposed to traditional "blobby sphere" implicit functions. Without the explicit evaluation of he energy function, this approach combined the two traditional steps into one by...
A variety of important machine learning applications require predictions on test data with different characteristics than the data on which a model was trained and validated. In particular, test data may have a different relative frequency of positives and negatives (i.e., class distribution) and/or different mislabeling costs of false positive...
Motion planning is a cornerstone of autonomous robots, enabling robots to safely and efficiently perform tasks such as package delivery, infrastructure inspection, and manipulation. However, as the field of robotics matures, robotic systems are being developed that (1) are challenging to analytically model, (2) require computationally expensive model-based controllers, and...
The purpose of this project was to begin to understand the effect that the first year of college had on OSU students. The Your First College Year survey was selected as the initial method to begin to gather institutional data that could help to inform conversations directed to program planning...
In most technical fields, a certain amount of practical application is necessary to master the important concepts and acquire basic problem solving skills. Computer science is no different, and this is reflected in the frequent programming assignments given in programming and data structures courses. The basic skills and concepts gained...
This paper presents the initial results from an empirical study of mechanical design engineers. In this study, six engineers were video-taped solving real mechanical design problems. Preliminary analysis of this protocol data has yielded several important findings, including (a) mechanical designers progress from systematic to opportunistic behavior as the design...
What is the foggiest place on the Pacific Coast?
Where is the "grass seed capital of the world"?
What is the fastest-growing minority population in the Northwest?
What percentage of Idaho's population hold fishing licenses?
Northwest natives and newcomers can turn to the Atlas of the Pacific Northwest for answers...
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Julia A. Jones
Water Resources ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 92
Keith W
Hewlett-Packard (HP) is one of the world's largest computer companies and the foremost producer of test and measurement instruments. In Corvallis, Oregon, HP manufactures several precision products on high speed, automated assembly lines. The alignment process of a cap to a base part is one of the essential processes in...
Climate change impacts on extreme water levels (WLs) at two United States Pacific Northwest estuaries are investigated using a multicomponent process-based modeling framework. The integrated impact of climate change on estuarine forcing is considered using a series of sub-models that track changes to oceanic, atmospheric, and hydrologic controls on hydrodynamics....
This is an attempt to deal with interface problems of interacting modules in a large simulation system.
In simulation, scientists require routine substitution of modules for comparison of alternative models. These changes have propagating side affects and from a programmer's point of view are essentially system redesigns.
This paper presents...
The information in these reports is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in these publications is for the specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product...
Resident and migratory avifauna in the Willamette Valley, Oregon are heavily influenced by winter conditions and habitat characteristics, especially those of wetlands. As such, it is important to monitor avian communities and environmental factors at wetland sites within the Willamette Valley during winter. Using data from standardized avian point-count surveys,...
The Goose Lake Basin, situated on the border of Oregon and California, USA, faces significant challenges from drought, wildfire, and other environmental stressors. This region hosts numerous endemic fish species such as the Goose Lake redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberri), Goose Lake lamprey (Entosphenus sp.), Goose Lake tui chub (Siphateles...
The gut microbiome of all mammals is composed of a diverse commune of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses 1. Studies have shown a symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiome and host physiology, with there being implications in health and disease progression 2. In captive animals, there has...
The California Current Ecosystem (CCE) is a dynamic marine ecosystem from which many socioeconomically important fisheries species are harvested. Here, a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was used to examine genomic variation in an early life stage (megalopae) of the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), which constitutes the most valuable single-species commercial fishery...
This document describes the design and implementation of a pair of language interfaces to a network database management system. CSDDL provides the DBMS with a data description language facility, and CSDSDL functions as a data storage description language interface of the DBMS. Source languages of CSDDL and CSDSDL are approximately...
Dimethyl sulfide, acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, furan, 2-furaldehyde, 2-acetyl furan, and ethyl furoate were produced when pureed strawberries were heated to 120° C. for 30 minutes. Shorter heating periods were sufficient to produce the first three compounds. With the exception of acetaldehyde, none of the heat-induced compounds were detected in unheated, pureed...
Oregon's estuaries are important ecosystems for scientific study. Consequently, knowledge of what research has been conducted helps us identify benchmarks and plan new projects. A comprehensive bibliography of published research, technical reports, local documents, and data sets is one means of recording this knowledge. For these reasons, the Guin Library...
Oregon's estuaries are important ecosystems for scientific study. Consequently, knowledge of what research has been conducted helps us identify benchmarks and plan new projects. A comprehensive bibliography of published research, technical reports, local documents, and data sets is one means of recording this knowledge. For these reasons, the Guin Library...
In this report, we present future projections of climate and climate-related natural hazards in Benton County for the 2020s (2010–2039) and 2050s (2040–2069) relative to the 1971–2000 historical baseline. The projections are based on multiple global climate models for both a lower greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) and a...
Knowledge of the pelagic organisms in vast areas of the open ocean is very limited. This is particularly true of the small nekton or swimming forms such as fishes, squid, prawns and euphausiids, which are important as intermediate animals in the food chain and are preyed upon by species such...
Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence of many climate-related natural hazards. Confidence that the risk of heat waves will increase is very high given strong evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, consistency among the projections of different global climate models, and robust scientific principles that explain why temperatures increase...
Many citizen science (CS) programs aim to grow and sustain a pool of enthusiastic participants who consistently contribute their efforts to a specific scientific endeavor. Consequently, much research has explored CS participants’ motivations and their relationship to participant recruitment and retention. However, much of this research has focused on actively...
I present a new heuristic search approach to compute approximate answers for the probability query in belief nets. This approach can compute the 'best' bounds for a query in a period of any given time (if time permitted, it will get an exact value). It inherits the essence of Symbolic...
Oregon's estuaries are important ecosystems for scientific study. Consequently, knowledge of what research has been conducted helps us identify benchmarks and plan new projects. A comprehensive bibliography of published research, technical reports, local documents, and data sets is one means of recording this knowledge. For these reasons, the Guin Library...
This grant supported acquisition of a minicomputer system for departmental research. The equipment selected is a DEC VAX-11/750 system, installed in remodeled space in the Computer Science (formerly Farm Crops) Building. Grant funds for equipment acquisition were supplemented by support from the Tektronix Foundation.
After completion of the physical facilities...
OBJECTIVE: Pharmacokinetic interactions exist between combined
oral contraceptives and protease inhibitors (PI). However, such
information is lacking for progestin-only oral contraception. We
sought to define the steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between
norethindrone (NET) and PI in HIV-infected women.
METHODS AND DESIGN: We conducted an open-label, prospective,
nonrandomized trial to characterize the...
Background:
The Amazon River runs nearly 6500 km across the South American continent before emptying into the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean. In terms of both volume and watershed area, it is the world’s largest riverine system, affecting elemental cycling on a global scale.
Results:
A quantitative inventory of genes...
The goals of Oregon livestock producers are parallel to those of the American Dream—to enjoy an occupation of raising livestock, provide for their families, be independent, and avoid unwarranted criticism and interference. For Oregon livestock producers to stay in business and remain on the ranch, they must be efficient, responsible...