The Fukushima Daiichi power station released
several radionuclides into the Pacific following the March 2011
earthquake and tsunami. A total of 26 Pacific albacore (Thunnus
alalunga) caught off the Pacific Northwest U.S. coast between
2008 and 2012 were analyzed for ¹³⁷Cs and Fukushima-attributed
¹³⁴Cs. Both 2011 (2 of 2) and...
This study investigated the spatial distribution of juvenile North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in relation to local environmental variability
[i.e. sea surface temperature (SST)], and two large-scale indices of climate variability, [the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and theMultivariate
El Nino/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI)]. Changes in local and climate variables were...
Background: The owl limpet (Lottia gigantea) is an ectothermic invertebrate that inhabits
the rocky intertidal zone where it territorially defends home ranges and grazes algae growing
on the rocks. Among endothermic species, home range scales isometrically with body mass.
Hypothesis: Home range area scales isometrically (scaling exponent ∼1.0) across individuals...
Measuring surface fluxes using the surface renewal (SR) method requires a set of programmatic algorithms for tabulation, algebraic calculation, and quality control. Full matlab scripts and functions, example data used in the analysis, and results are included in this data archive. Because the SR method utilizes high frequency (20-100 Hz+)...
The importance of large breeding individuals for maintaining the health of marine fish and invertebrate populations has long been recognized. Unfortunately, decades of human harvesting that preferentially remove larger individuals have led to drastic reductions in body sizes of many of these species. Such size-selective harvesting is particularly worrisome for...
This data contains results from direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional, premixed, hydrogen/air flames, using the multicomponent diffusion model. We performed the simulations using the finite-difference code NGA; simulation details are described completely in the associated article.
Genome defense likely evolved to curtail the spread of transposable elements and invading viruses. A combination of effective defense mechanisms has been shown to limit colonization of the Neurospora crassa genome by transposable elements. A novel DNA transposon named Sly1-1 was discovered in the genome of the most widely used...
In partially migratory species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, the emergence of life history phenotypes is often attributed
to fitness trade-offs associated with growth and survival. Fitness trade-offs can be linked to reproductive tactics that vary between
the sexes, as well as the influence of environmental conditions. We found that O....
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect vital rates and population-level processes, and understanding these factors is paramount to devising successful management plans for wildlife species. For example, birds time migration in response, in part, to local and broadscale climate fluctuations to initiate breeding upon arrival to nesting territories, and prolonged inclement...
In the Klamath province of southwestern Oregon, Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) occur in complex, productive forests that historically supported frequent fires of variable severity. However, little is known about the relationships between Spotted Owl survival and home-range size and the characteristics of fire-prone, mixed-conifer forests of the Klamath...
This data contains results from direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional, premixed, hydrogen/air flames, using the mixture-averaged diffusion model. We performed the simulations using the finite-difference code NGA; simulation details are described completely in the associated article.
This paper examines the sources of uncertainty for the Forced Diffusion (FD) chamber soil respiration (Rs) measurement technique and demonstrates a protocol for uncertainty quantification that could be appropriate with any soil flux technique. Here we sought to quantify and compare the three primary sources of uncertainty in Rs: (1)...
This dataset contains trace-element data, descriptive information, and photographs for 328 field clays sampled in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico; mineralogical data are presented for a subset of the samples. The clay samples were generated as part of a valley-wide sampling strategy designed to capture spatial variation in clay composition...
Passive capillary samplers (PCAPS), which sample water from the vadose zone via a hanging water column in a fiberglass wick, have shown potential to provide superior estimates of soil water flux compared to alternative methods. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of PCAPS under natural rain-fed...
Palms are an important component of tropical ecosystems, living alongside dicotyledonous trees, even though they have a very different growth pattern and vascular system. As monocots, vessels in palms are located within vascular bundles and, without a vascular cambium that many dicotyledonous trees possess, palms cannot add additional vessels to...
Over the last three decades the first-order correlation in morphology and orientation of seamount trails
has been called upon to support the concept of a ‘‘fixed’’ Pacific hot spot frame of reference and to explain
the Hawaii-Emperor bend (HEB) by a dramatic change in Pacific plate motion. In this paper,...
The 12-site National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) was a multivariate experiment that evaluated ecological consequences of alternative fuel-reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the US. Each site was a replicated experiment with a common design that compared an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical and mechanical + fire...
While radiocarbon (¹⁴C) abundances in standing stocks of soil carbon have been used to evaluate rates of soil carbon turnover on timescales of several years to centuries, soil-respired ¹⁴CO₂ measurements are an important tool for identifying more immediate responses to disturbance and climate change. Soil Δ¹⁴CO₂ data, however, are often...
The purpose of this study was to determine what effect, if any, subtitles would have on listeners’
perceptions of expressivity in an operatic performance. Specifically, this study addressed the
following research questions: (1) Will there be differences in perceived expressivity among three
listening conditions (audio only, audio + video, audio...
Most administrators and ecologists agree that reducing the levels of hazardous fuels on forests is essential to restore healthy
watersheds and protect adjacent human communities. The current debate over the appropriateness, technique, and timing of treatments
utilized to restore vegetation structure and composition is currently on-going at local, state, and...
Radiocarbon is an exceptionally useful tool for studying soil-respired CO₂, providing information about soil
carbon turnover rates, depths of production, and the biological sources of production through partitioning. Unfortunately, little
work has been done to thoroughly investigate the possibility of inherent biases present in current measurement techniques,
like those present...
Premise of research. A third genus of anatomically preserved conifer seed cones has been recognized from
a Late Jurassic deposit in northeastern Scotland. This cone is described as Bancroftiastrobus digitata Rothwell,
Mapes, Stockey et Hilton.
Methodology. The cone was sectioned with the classic coal ball peel technique and studied and...
Background:
Identifying cis-regulatory elements is critical in understanding the direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. Current approaches include DNase-seq, a technique that combines sensitivity to the nonspecific endonuclease DNase I with high throughput sequencing to identify regions of regulatory DNA on a genome-wide scale. While this method was...
1. The evaluation of the age and growth of animal populations is essential for understanding and
predicting how populations will respond to changes in environmental conditions and anthropogenic
stressors.
2. We used a novel, von Bertalanffy hierarchical modelling approach to quantify relationships between
the growth of three freshwater mussel species...
Distinct aggregations of fungal hyphae and rhizomorphs, or "mats", formed by some genera of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are common features of soils in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. We measured in situ respiration rates of Piloderma mats and neighboring non-mat soils in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in western Oregon...
Bird scaring lines (BSLs) protect longline fishing gear from seabird attacks, save bait, reduce incidental seabird mortality and are the most commonly prescribed seabird bycatch mitigation measure worldwide. We collaborated with fishermen to assess the efficacy of applying BSL regulations from the demersal longline sablefish fishery in Alaska to a...
The importance of multiple processes and instream factors to aquatic biota has been explored extensively, but questions remain about how local spatiotemporal variability of aquatic biota is tied to environmental regimes and the geophysical template of streams. We used an individual-based trout model to explore the relative role of the...
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect vital rates and population-level processes, and understanding these factors is paramount to devising successful management plans for wildlife species. For example, birds time migration in response, in part, to local and broadscale climate fluctuations to initiate breeding upon arrival to nesting territories, and prolonged inclement...
An interface was developed between COMSOL Multiphysics™ finite element analysis software and (geo)chemical modeling platform, GEMS, for the reactive-transport modeling of (geo)chemical processes in variably saturated porous media. The two standalone software packages are managed from the interface that uses a non-iterative operator splitting technique to couple the transport (COMSOL)...
This report measures the effects of logging on the production and yield of Coho salmon, coastal cutthroat, and steelhead trout in small coastal streams. It contains descriptions of the physical and biological environment before logging, and describes some immediate effects of logging, such as such as a decrease in dissolved...
Processes that influence habitat selection in landscapes involve the interaction of habitat composition and configuration and are particularly important for species with complex life cycles. We assessed the relative influence of landscape spatial processes and local habitat characteristics on patterns in the distribution and abundance of spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss),...
AIM: Species that breed sympatrically often occupy different foraging niches to mitigate competition for prey. When resource availability declines at the end of the breeding season, some animals migrate to regions with more favourable environmental conditions. When these life-history traits combine, foraging habitat preferences may continue to influence migration patterns...
We investigated the use of output from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models as constraints for a linear inverse food web model of a temperate intertidal seagrass system in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France. Linear inverse modeling (LIM) is a technique that estimates a complete network of flows in an under-determined system...
Forest harvesting intrinsically removes organic matter and associated nutrients; these exports may impact soil productivity and soil carbon stores of managed forests. This study examined the effect of manipulating forest floor and harvest residue inputs on nutrient availability and carbon content in the context of intensive forest management. Treatments were...
Critical information for evaluating the effectiveness of management strategies for species of concern include distinguishing seldom occupied (or low-quality) habitat from habitat that is frequently occupied and thus contributes substantially to population trends. Using multi-season models that account for imperfect detection and a long-term (1981-2002) dataset on migratory Arctic Peregrine...
To consider the regional scale effects of forest management requires complete and consistent data over large areas. We used Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner (TM and MSS) imagery to map forest cover and detect major disturbances between 1975 and 1992 for a 4.2 x 106 ha area of interior...
Published May 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Temperature is a fundamentally important driver of ecosystem processes in streams. Recent warming of terrestrial climates around the globe has motivated concern about consequent increases in stream temperature. More specifically, observed trends of increasing air temperature and declining stream flow are widely believed to result in corresponding increases in stream...
Premise of the study: Triassic and Jurassic fossils record structural changes in conifer seed cones through time, provide the earliest evidence for crown-group conifer clades, and further clarify sister-group relationships of modern conifer families. A new and distinct seed-cone from the Isle of Skye in western Scotland provides the oldest...
Published December 1925. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating fungal disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. Physiological resistance and disease avoidance conferred by plant architecture-related traits contribute to white mold field resistance. Our objective was to further examine white mold disease avoidance in common bean. A comparative map...
Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Shepody tubers infected with Potato virus Y strains (PVYO, PVYN:O, PVYNTN) were tested from storage at 4A degrees C at the initiation of sprouting and then the same tubers were tested again from storage at 4A degrees C seventy eight days later. Samples were taken...
Freshwater discharge from large rivers into the coastal ocean creates tidally-driven frontal systems
known to enhance mixing, primary production, and secondary production. Many authors suggest that
tidal plume fronts increase energy flow to fish-eating predators by attracting planktivorous fishes to feed
on plankton aggregated by the fronts. However, few studies...
Published March 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1930. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A framework for an empirical parameterization (EP) of heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals by multiple species of aerosol material in clouds was proposed in a 2008 paper by the authors. The present paper reports improvements to specification of a few of its empirical parameters. These include temperatures for onset of...
This paper studies the agglomeration of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and uses ultrasonication to disperse CNCs in cement pastes in an attempt to improve strength. Rheological measurements show that when the concentration of CNCs exceeds 1.35% by volume in deionized water, agglomerates start to develop. This experimental finding is comparable to...
Sclerotinia crown rot, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum,
is a disease of pyrethrum in Australia that may cause substantial decline
in plant density. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the disease
were quantified in 14 fields during three growing seasons. Fitting the
binary power law to disease incidence provided slope...
Emergence of a terawatt scalable photovoltaic (PV) thin film technology is currently impeded by
the limited supply of relatively rare elements like In or Te, which has spurred active research in
recent years on earth-abundant PV materials. Instead of searching for alternative PV materials,
we approach the problem here by...
Genome-enabled mycology is a rapidly expanding field that is characterized by the pervasive use of genome-scale data and associated computational tools in all aspects of fungal biology. Genome-enabled mycology is integrative and often requires teams of researchers with diverse skills in organismal mycology, bioinformatics and molecular biology. This issue of...
1. Temperature is a major driver of ecological processes in stream ecosystems, yet the dynamics of
thermal regimes remain poorly described. Most work has focused on relatively simple descriptors
that fail to capture the full range of conditions that characterise thermal regimes of streams across
seasons or throughout the year....
Effective methods for long-term preservation of cord red blood cells (RBCs) are needed to ensure a readily available supply of RBCs to treat fetal and neonatal anemia. Cryopreservation is a potential long-term storage strategy for maintaining the quality of cord RBCs for the use in intrauterine and neonatal transfusion. However,...
Flower number is the primary determinant of yield in pyrethrum (Tanacetum cineariifolium). Traditional estimates of flower numbers use physical harvesting of flowers, which is time consuming, destructive, and complicated. The precision of flower number estimates may be highly influenced by spatial heterogeneity of plant density and vigor. Here, we examined...
Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set...
Adsorbed molecules are involved in many reactions on solid surfaces that are of great technological
importance. As such, there has been tremendous effort worldwide to learn how to theoretically
predict rates for reactions involving adsorbed molecules. Theoretical calculations of rate constants
require knowing both their activation energy and prefactor. Recent...
Worldwide, lack of data on stream temperature has motivated the use of regression-based statistical models to predict stream temperatures based on more widely available data on air temperatures. Such models have been widely applied to project responses of stream temperatures under climate change, but the performance of these models has...
Piscivory by birds can be significant, particularly on fish in small streams and during seasonal low flow when available cover from predators can be limited. Yet, how varying amounts of cover may change the extent of predation mortality from avian predators on fish is not clear. We evaluated size-selective survival...
North American freshwater mussels have been subjected to multiple stressors in recent decades that have contributed to declines in the status and distribution of many species. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the relative influence of these factors on observed population declines. 2. We used an occupancy modelling approach to quantify...
North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were found in an important nineteenth century whaling area east of southern Greenland, from which they were once thought to have been extirpated. In 2007–2008, a 1-year passive acoustic survey was conducted at five sites in and near the ‘Cape Farewell Ground’, the former...
The ¹⁴CO₂ composition of plant and soil respiration can be used to determine the residence time of photosynthetically fixed carbon before it is released back to the atmosphere. To estimate the residence time of actively cycled carbon in a temperate forest, we employed two approaches for estimating the Δ¹⁴CO₂ of...
Reproductive tactics and migratory strategies in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines are inextricably linked through the effects of migration (or lack thereof) on age and size at maturity. In this review, we focus on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in salmonines, a key process resulting in the diversification...
Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone
landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a
Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River...
Describes the symptoms and damage caused by silver scurf, a fungal disease of potatoes. Includes color photos of symptoms. Discusses sources of inoculum and the disease life cycle. Suggests management practices (seed selection, crop rotation, seed treatments, management of die-down, sanitation, harvest, and storage) to minimize disease problems.
In Australia, pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is affected by a foliar disease complex that can substantially reduce green leaf area and yield. Historically, the most important foliar disease of pyrethrum in Australia has been ray blight, caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and other fungi generally of minor importance. Temporal fluctuations in the...
Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one
of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically
induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms
for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition
have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature,
with little attention to changes in temperature variability....
This study describes a specimen that extends the oldest fossil evidence of Pinus L. to the Early Cretaceous Wealden Formation of Yorkshire, UK (131-129 million years ago), and prompts a critical reevaluation of criteria that are employed to identify crown group genera of Pinaceae from anatomically preserved seed cones. The...
Assessments of climate change over time scales that exceed the last 100 years require robust integration of high-quality instrument records with high-resolution paleoclimate proxy data. In this study, we show that the recent biogenic sediments accumulating in two temperate ice-free fjords in Southeast Alaska preserve evidence of North Pacific Ocean...
Eukaryotes contain a diversified set of small RNA-guided pathways that control genes, repeated sequences, and viruses at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Genome-wide profiles and analyses of small RNAs, particularly the large class of 24-nucleotide (nt) short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), were done for wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and silencing pathway mutants...
Pseudoperonospora cubensis is an obligate pathogen and
causative agent of cucurbit downy mildew. To help advance
our understanding of the pathogenicity of P. cubensis, we
used RNA-Seq to improve the quality of its reference
genome sequence. We also characterized the RNA-Seq
dataset to inventory transcript isoforms and infer alternative
splicing...
A complete solid solution between the anion-deficient pyrochlore Ag₂Sb₂O₆ and the ideal pyrochlore Cd₂Sb₂O₇ has been synthesized through the standard solid state ceramic method. Each composition has been characterized by various different techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and ¹²¹Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy. Computational methods based on...
Halo bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) is a serious seed-borne disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The disease can be controlled by major resistance (R) genes effective against specific races of the pathogen. Our objective was to characterize the R gene(s) conferring resistance to Psp...
In Weyburn, Saskatchewan, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is injected into the Weyburn oilfield for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Cenovus Energy Inc. operates more than 1000 active wells, processing plants, and hundreds of kilometres of pipeline infrastructure over a >100 km² area. While vehicle-based atmospheric detection of gas leakage would be convenient...
Simultaneous visual and oceanographic surveys were conducted in the lower Bay of Fundy and in Roseway Basin of the SW Scotian Shelf during the summers of 1999 to 2001 to investigate the physical and biological oceanographic factors associated with North Atlantic right whale occurrence. Sightings of right whales were recorded...
Following breeding, sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus leave New Zealand waters and migrate to 1 of 3 distinct areas in the North Pacific Ocean, effectively exploiting environmental resources across a large proportion of this northern ocean basin. In this study, we combined electronic tracking technology with stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁵N and...
Geologic carbon sequestration is being considered in target basalt and sandstone formations. The chemical
effects of CO2 exposure on the interface between Class H Portland cement paste and Grande Ronde
Columbia River basalt, or between cement paste and Mt. Simon sandstone, has been examined at a
microstructural level. This bonding...
When assessing differential gene expression from RNA sequencing data, commonly used statistical tests tend to have greater power to detect differential expression of genes encoding longer transcripts. This phenomenon, called "length bias", will influence subsequent analyses such as Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. In the presence of length bias, Gene Ontology...
Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content...
Aim: The ecological effects of biological invasions are well documented, but little is known about the effects of invaders on the genetic structure of native species. We examined the phylogeography, genetic variation and population structuring of two galaxiid fishes, Aplochiton zebra and A. taeniatus, threatened by non-native salmonids, and whose...
Flow and temperature are strongly linked environmental factors driving ecosystem processes in streams. Stream temperature maxima (T [subscript max_w]) and stream flow minima (Q[subscript min]) can create periods of stress for aquatic organisms. In mountainous areas, such as western North America, recent shifts toward an earlier spring peak flow and...
BACKGROUND: Herbicide resistance in weedy plant populations can develop through different mechanisms such as
gene flow of herbicide resistance transgenes from crop species into compatible weedy species or by natural
evolution of herbicide resistance or tolerance following selection pressure. Results from our previous studies
suggest that sub-lethal levels of the...
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found in nearly all ecosystems. More than 250 fungal genomes have already been sequenced, greatly improving our understanding of fungal evolution, physiology, and development. However, for the Pezizomycetes, an early-diverging lineage of filamentous ascomycetes, there is so far only one genome available, namely...
Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied in conservation management to predict suitable habitat for poorly known populations. High predictive performance of SDMs is evident in validations performed within the model calibration area (interpolation), but few studies have assessed SDM transferability to novel areas (extrapolation), particularly across large spatial scales...
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays multiple roles in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. The ability of certain AhR ligands to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) has generated interest in developing AhR ligands for therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated diseases. To this end, we...
We propose the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS), an upscaling approach to quantify global gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration using MODIS with a spatial resolution of 1-5 km and a temporal resolution of 8 days. This effort is novel because it is the first system that harmonizes and utilizes MODIS...
Total organic carbon (TOC) content of marine sediments represents residual carbon, originally derived from terrestrial and marine sources, which has survived seafloor and shallow subseafloor diagenesis. Ultimately, its preservation below the sulfate reduction zone in marine sediments drives methanogenesis. Within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), methane production along continental...
The New Zealand endemic Maui’s dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori maui is characterized by several life history traits thought to be important predictors of extinction risk in marine mammals, including a slow rate of reproduction, small geographic range, small group size, and coastal distribution. We continued the genetic monitoring of the remnant...
This publication focuses on how to design a soil nutrient monitoring strategy that fits today’s requirements for record keeping and increased accuracy in managing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other nutrients. We advocate the use of management units or zones for soil testing and nutrient application. To measure a real...
Published February 1933. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Four new elaiophylin macrolides (1–4), together with five known elaiophylins (5–9), have been isolated from cultures of the Indonesian soil bacterium Streptomyces sp. ICBB 9297. The new compounds have macrocyclic skeletons distinct from those of the known dimeric elaiophylins in that one or both of the polyketide chains contain(s) an...
The goal of the Pacific Ocean Boundary Ecosystem and Climate Study
(POBEX) was to diagnose the large-scale climate controls on regional transport
dynamics and lower trophic marine ecosystem variability in Pacific Ocean boundary
systems. An international team of collaborators shared observational and eddy-resolving
modeling data sets collected in the Northeast...
SnS is a potential earth-abundant photovoltaic (PV) material. Employing both theory and experiment to assess the PV relevant properties of SnS, we clarify on whether SnS has an indirect or direct band gap and what is the minority carrier effective mass as a function of the film orientation. SnS has...
The debate over a coastal migration route for the First Americans revolves around two major points: seafaring technology, and a viable landscape and resource base. Three lake cores from Sanak Island in the western Gulf of Alaska yield the first radiocarbon ages from the continental shelf of the Northeast Pacific...
In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise one of two classes of small RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators at the posttranscriptional level. Several MIRNA genes in the plant kingdom are ancient, with conservation extending between angiosperms and the mosses, whereas many others are more recently evolved. Here, we use deep...
Biological invasions create complex ecological and societal issues worldwide. Most of the knowledge about invasions comes only from successful invaders, but less is known about which processes determine the differential success of invasions. In this review, we develop a framework to identify the main dimensions driving the success and failure...
Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted...
ABSTRACT: Phytoplankton regulate internal pigment concentrations in response to light and nutrient availability. Chlorophyll a to phytoplankton carbon ratios (chl:C phyto) are commonly reported as a function of growth irradiance (Eg) for evaluating the photoacclimation response of phytoplankton. In contrast to most culture experiments, natural phytoplankton communities experience fluctuating environmental...
Cryptococcus, a major cause of disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, kills over 600,000 people per year
worldwide. Genes involved in the virulence of the meningitis-causing fungus are being characterized at an increasing rate, and to
date, at least 648 Cryptococcus gene names have been published. However, these data are scattered...
