In macromolecular X-ray crystallography, typical data sets have substantial multiplicity. This can be used to calculate the consistency of repeated measurements and thereby assess data quality. Recently, the properties of a correlation coefficient, CC[subscript 1/2], that can be used for this purpose were characterized and it was shown that CC[subscript...
The function of a protein is defined by its three-dimensional structure, and in understanding the three-dimensional structure of a protein, we gain an understanding of its function and mechanism. Protein structures, especially at high resolution, can provide detailed insights into many elements of enzyme function and catalysis – identifying residues...
This thesis includes three studies involving different aspects of modeling protein structure. The first study illustrates the levels of insight available from atomic-resolution protein structures. The second study derives general trends of protein geometry from atomic-resolution structures and shows their implications for modeling. The third study creates a model of...
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzymes catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrous acid, and organic peroxides, and are extremely efficient peroxidases, with k[subscript cat]/K[subscript M] on the order of 10⁷ - 10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹. Besides their role in oxidative stress defense, evidence has accumulated that some eukaryotes, including humans, use Prxs as...
The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is known to play an essential part of the virus’ functions. The N protein can protect and package the large 29,903 nucleotide genomic RNA whilst also interacting with structural membrane protein M and the spike protein S....
The solution structure determination of DNA molecules has been an important part of structural biology. NMR solution structures are a complement to structures solved via X-ray crystallography; the two methods are the only ways of obtaining three dimensional coordinates of macromolecules. Because of the nature of the molecule, the solution...
We explore the application of deep learning to the disparate fields of natural language processing and computational biology. Both the sentences uttered by humans as well as the RNA and protein sequences found within the cells of their bodies can be considered formal languages in computer science, as sets of...
Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, is well known as a co-factor for proline-hydroxylase and as an anti-oxidant. However, it is also capable of forming covalent bonds, particularly in the role of a nucleophile, henceforth termed 'ascorbylation'.
The ascorbylation of electrophiles can occur under physiological conditions. Furthermore, there are a number...
Nanoparticles (NPs), defined as materials having at least one dimension (height, width, diameter) in the nanoscale, are increasingly being incorporated into a wide variety of products and are replacing traditional bulk materials in many applications. This is because they can be more efficacious, more sustainable, and can have unique characteristics...
7,7'-Dihydroxy-8,8'-biquinolyl (azaBINOL) was prepared from 7-hydroxyquinoline via N,N-dimethyl O-quinol-7-yl carbamate by directed ortho-metallation followed by FeCl₃-mediated oxidative coupling of the 8-lithioquinoline intermediate. Saponification of the resulting dicarbamate provided crystalline (±)-azaBINOL in 56% overall yield. 6,6'-Bis(dimethylaminocarbonyl)-7,7'-dihydroxy-8,8´-biquinolyl was prepared from the same dicarbamate by a double anionic-Fries rearrangement in 43% yield. 7,7'-Bis(diethylamino-carbonyloxy)-6,6'-diiodo-8,8´-biquinolyl...
The three dimensional structure of both a ligand and its cognate receptor are required for the success of structure-assisted drug design. This thesis reports the crystal structure of hectochlorin, a small, bioactive molecule, and the steps toward determining the crystal structure of an RNA molecule that is an attractive target...
This dissertation details the investigation of an alternate pathway to
isoprenoids that occurs in plants and microorganisms, the non-mevalonate
pathway. This exploration of the pathway focuses on the second step, the
conversion of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) by the enzyme DXP isomeroreductase (DXR). These studies led to an appreciation...
The factors influencing the direct nitridation of silicon, including the effects of the native oxide layer covering the surface of silicon, the effects of hydrogen contained in the nitridation gas and the catalytic effects of metals added to the raw material silicon, were investigated, using a tubular flow reactor and...
High purity single crystals of zirconium were produced and
mechanically strained in the temperature range from 4.2°K to 293°K.
The crystals were produced by thermal treatment with a specially
constructed electron beam zone refiner which provided the abrupt
temperature gradient necessary for crystal growth. Specimens were
electrolytically machined to have...
Naturally occurring assemblies, such as DNA and proteins, utilize intermolecular forces (i.e H-bonding and van der Waals) to assemble. Utilizing these electrostatic interactions has only just started in the past five decades to be a tool used in synthetic chemistry in what is known as supramolecular chemistry. Supramolecular chemistry has...
In this dissertation, I present electronic spectroscopy of a few biologically relevant species and their complexes with solvent molecules in the gas phase using a variety of techniques, including resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), laser induced fluorescence (LIF), and zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy. My work on several methylated...
Metal-oxides are very important in industrial applications such as thermal barrier coatings, corrosion protection, and heterogeneous catalysis. The wide variety of applications for metal-oxides are derived from the array of properties of metal-oxides. It is, therefore, important to understand and predict the conditions of synthesis and operation to optimize the...
Exploring bioactive natural products has contributed largely to clinically approved drugs we have been using over the last 100 years. Especially among the anti-infective drugs, around 70% of currently used antibiotics were discovered or derived from microbial secondary metabolites, among them compounds like vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Facing the unavoidable...
Near-surface advanced argillic hydrothermal alteration zones, also referred to as lithocaps, are characterized by quartz, alunite, clays (pyrophyllite and kaolinite group minerals), and minor F-bearing aluminosilicates (i.e., topaz, zunyite, diaspore, and APS) that form where water-, SO2-, and HF-rich gas condenses into shallow groundwater, acidifies, and reacts with rocks. The...
Nickel or nickel alloys are common materials used in under bump metallization (UBM) in flip chip technology. Nickel is used because of its slow reaction rate with tin-based solder at
elevated temperatures. However, nickel is ferromagnetic at room temperature, hence cannot be easily deposited with magnetron sputtering. In this study,...
As the aging population continues to grow worldwide, age-related complications are becoming more apparent within the aging population. One of the first age-related complications to become apparent is age-associated memory impairment and it can make the elderly more dependent on caregivers early on. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is important to...
A simple matrix method for the analysis of protein circular dichroism (CD) spectra is presented and used to compute the secondary structure of globular proteins in their native and denatured states. The method uses singular value decomposition and generalized inverse algorithms, and a basis set of CD spectra for proteins...
Uses for materials with a large surface area and high porosity have grown sig-nificantly in recent years. Porous materials have found usage in applications such as separation, gas storage, sensing, purification and more, prompting researchers to find and discover numerous new porous materials to suit a specific purpose. Hundreds of...
We have performed fluorescence extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements on the Cd K-edge of partial electrolyte (PE) treated Cu(In[subscript 0.7]Ga[subscript 0.3])Se₂ (CIGS) thin film samples using synchrotron X-ray radiation. This data was compared to the EXAFS spectra of CdSe and CdO standards. Cd local structure models were constructed...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the primary cause of community-acquired pneumonias, including what is commonly known as walking pneumonia. This disease affects people from all demographics, but especially children and older adults. Outbreaks are a significant public health concern and work to develop new pharmacological agents is currently being researched. How M....
A preparative method for a new compound n-octadecylcycloazadi-boron (CAB), in high yield has been developed. CAB was isolated as
an intermediate in the octadecylamine-catalyzed hydrolysis of pentaborane.
The most probable structure of CAB can be regarded as a
derivative of the three membered ring cycloazadiboron with a
n-octadecyl group substituted...
The role of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on the behavior of the therapeutic recombinant protein Factor VIII (rFVIII) was investigated at solid/liquid and air/water interfaces. In order to provide a model system to compare results obtained for the complicated rFVIII-Tween system, a well-characterized globular protein lysozyme was used. The...
Solid solution alloying was employed in an attempt to produce some
relatively ductile form of beryllium. If the c/a ratio could be significantly
altered, it was felt new or different slip systems could be activated. The
following elements were selected on the basis of atomic size, melting point,
crystal structure...
Sugar phosphate cyclases (SPCs) are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of many important natural products. SPCs form a unique cyclitol during the early steps in the biosynthesis of many natural products. These natural products include rifamycin, which is chemically modified to rifampicin and used clinically as an antituberculosis drug, and...
In an effort to isolate and characterize cardiac glycosides C-17
binding site(s), we have synthesized different affinity and photoaffinity
C-17 side chain probes. These probes were screened for their
ability to inhibit Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase enzyme, a pharmacological receptor
of cardiac glycosides. The enzyme was isolated from hog kidney.
Screening of these...
In order to better predict the aggregation state of nanomaterials, the factors that influence aggregation must be understood. The combined effects of natural and engineered coatings have been shown to factor into nanoparticle aggregation behavior in preliminary research. In this study, aggregation behaviors of gold nanoparticles with two different engineered...
First order prism slip in yttrium single crystals containing a total interstitial impurity content of about 200 wt ppm is almost entirely stage II deformation with a work hardening rate θ/μ of 2·10⁻ ³ . The athermal temperature is about 300°K. Below this temperature an interstitial mechanism is rate controlling...
Nickel (Ni)-based alloys with a high chromium (Cr) content are frequently employed in applications where elevated temperatures and/or corrosive environments are present due to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, a gap exists around the formation, and kinetics of long-range order (LRO) Ni2Cr phase in both model binary...
Certain 2- chioroethyl nitrosoureas have been demonstrated
to be highly specific inactivators of chymotrypsin
in vitro and glutathione reductase, both in vivo and in
isolated rat hepatocytes. The inactivation of glutathione
reductase in isolated hepatocytes resulted in an increased
sensitivity toward an adriamycin induced oxidative
challenge.
Prolonged incubation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-([1-¹⁴...
Part I. The total synthesis of (+)-leptosphaerin (2), a metabolite of the marine
Ascomycete Leptosphaeria Oraemaris (Linder) was achieved, unambiguously
establishing both the relative and absolute stereochemistry of this natural product. This
synthesis also resolved the long-standing question of which of the isomeric structures 1
or 2 correctly represents the...
Several approaches to the synthesis of penicillin from 2-iminothioazolidine
50, from 2-thiothiazolidine 66 and by photocyclization of
77 and 78 were investigated. 2-Iminothiazolidine 50 was prepared
from dibromoester 45 by the action of benzylamine followed by treatment
of aziridine 46 with potassium or ammonium thiocyanate. Attempted
introduction of a two-carbon...
Studies were carried out to determine the absolute stereochemistry of
botryococcene (1). The natural product was degraded to two sets of 'y- and 8-
valerolactones. All enantiomeric variations of these lactones were synthesized in
optically pure form starting from (S)- and (R)-methyloxiranes. 1H NMR correlation of
natural and synthetic materials...
Recent interest in oxy-fuel combustion for carbon capture, as well as advancements in technologies such as magnetics, materials, and computational modeling has sparked renewed interest in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. The increased temperatures of oxy-fuel combustion versus air-fuel combustion poses a challenge in the selection of materials for plasma exposed...
Digital printing techniques offer several advantages in manufacturing electronics such as direct writing of materials, reduction of chemical waste, and scalability. In particular, printing can significantly simplify manufacturing processes by directly defining the channel area, the gate, and the source and drain contacts, allowing for lower costs and higher throughput...
PART I. The preparation of (-)-ibogamine (1) in fourteen steps from benzoquinone and in 10% overall yield is a powerful illustration of the value of the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction as a starting point in a multistep synthesis. All four cycloadducts, 70, 77, 84 and 96, obtained with the (S)-BINOL-TiCl₂ complex...
PART I. Asymmetric syntheses of both natural (+)- and nonnatural (-)-byssochlamic acid via a [2+2] photoaddition-cycloreversion strategy are described. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the cyclohexylamine salt 99 showed that the structure of the monomethyl ester 100 from esterase hydrolysis of 44 was originally misassigned as 56. The enantiomeric relationship of...
This thesis describes the development of a new enantioselective synthetic method employing chiral cis-2,5-diaminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-based organometallic catalysts. The significance of this new method to organic synthesis is illustrated with preparation of enantioenriched products that are transformed to important pharmaceutical agents. Chapter 1 provides a brief historical overview of asymmetric catalysis, especially...
The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is tightly regulated in biological systems as overproduction can lead to oxidative stress and result in a number of diseases. Due to its negative effects, antioxidants are studied and used against ROS in medicine, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Because of issues with the uptake...
The fate and transport of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) are of concern due to their increasing use in consumer products. Although analytical methods for detection and quantification of ENPs in environmental matrices are being developed, these methods are difficult, time consuming, and not easily validated for...
Cobalt germanides have been widely studied as semiconductor contact materials, but recent theoretical studies suggest that they may also be excellent catalysts for methane steam reforming with stabilities and activities comparable to noble metal catalysts. In order to study the catalytic activity of cobalt germanides, it is critical to first...
Cell membranes act as barriers against unwanted movement of ions and biomolecules and are complex surfaces littered with protein channels, ion channels, cholesterol, and a myriad of different proteins. While this surface is extremely well studied, there is still much we do not know. The work in this dissertation demonstrates...
Phosphate and peroxide stabilize new oxo-hydroxo niobium clusters in water at low pH. The clusters open a new chapter in aqueous niobium chemistry under acidic conditions. The clusters also produce atomically smooth, amorphous niobium oxide phosphate (NbPOx) thin films. Reaction pathways from cluster solutions to amorphous niobium oxide phosphate solids...
Heterogeneous catalysis modulates the rate and selectivity of reaction processes by
stabilizing a series of intermediate states on solid surfaces, facilitating the production
of many commodity chemicals modern society relies upon. Conventional, thermal
catalytic processes—conducted at elevated temperatures and pressures—source
thermal, mechanical, and chemical potential energy from carbon-hydrogen bonds—
combustion...
Nanomaterials are expected to enable significant advances in several technological fields in coming years. Among them, electronics has emerged as one of the most likely benefactors from the ability to control matter on the nanometer-scale. For many electronic devices synthesized nanomaterials must be integrated into thin film structures. Vapor-based deposition...
This thesis is an account of my explorations into the field of natural products chemistry. These investigations led to the discovery of several novel secondary metabolites isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. In addition, biosynthetic investigations were undertaken using stable isotope-labeled precursors. The dominant role that NMR spectroscopy plays...
The monolithic (plate type) Uranium 10 wt.\% Molybdenum (U-10Mo) fuel system is promising for a variety of applications, most notably for the replacement of highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuels with low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel in United State High Performance Research Reactors (U.S. HPRRs).
Phase transformations and secondary phase formation...
Water electrolysis plays a pivotal role in achieving a green hydrogen economy by sourcing electricity from intermittent renewable sources. However, the efficiency of the electrolysis process is limited by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, whereas the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are more facile. This thesis...
This work is a compilation of problems that deal with multiscale analysis of transport phenomena in environmental systems. A common feature among the problems studied here is the presence of non-negligible microscale structure in various forms. Each problem is approached from the perspective that a macroscopic observable encodes aspects of...
Plant viruses have been instrumental in our understanding of the biophysical properties pertaining to non-enveloped icosahedral virus particles. A substantial amount of research has been performed over five decades on Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), arguably one of the most extensively studied icosahedral plant viruses and the type-member of the...
Ultrafast spectroscopy has recently gained momentum as a powerful, noninvasive characterization toolset capable of studying a diverse array of samples with applications in chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and more. Two popular ultrafast spectroscopic techniques include femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). The latter of these techniques...
The atomic solid state energy (SSE) scale is introduced as a tool for inorganic materials design. The SSE scale is obtained by assessing an average electron affinity (EA) (for a cation) or an average ionization potential (IP) (for an anion) for each atom using data from compounds having that specific...
Lycopodium alkaloids have generated enormous amounts of interest from the scientific community, both as synthetic targets and for their medicinal properties. Herein is described work towards a unifying approach to large segments of the Lycopodium family. An organocatalyzed intramolecular heteroatom Michael reaction method, for the construction of piperidine and piperizine...
In this dissertation, I describe the experimental investigation of electron diffraction of neutral and ionic clusters doped into superfluid helium droplets. The project is aimed at contributing to the development of an overall approach called ‘serial single molecule electron diffraction imaging (ss-EDI), a potential approach to solve macromolecule structures bypassing...
The role of volumetric energy density on the microstructural evolution, texture and mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel parts additively manufactured via selective laser melting process is investigated. 304L is chosen because it is a potential candidate to be used as a matrix in a metal matrix composite with nanoparticles...
Stable surface adhesion of cells is one of the early pivotal steps in bacterial biofilm
formation, a prevalent adaptation strategy in response to changing environments. In Pseudomonas
fluorescens, this process is regulated by the Lap system and the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP.
High cytoplasmic levels of cyclic-di-GMP activate the transmembrane receptor...
Sulfur is one of the six elements required during the early stages of the evolution of life, and enzymes involved in sulfur transfer and oxidation are increasingly being recognized as potential drug targets for antimicrobials as well as for therapies for cancer, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Bacteria are able to...
Tuberculoѕiѕ (TB) iѕ a number one killer among treatable infectious diseases. It is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculoѕiѕ that primarily affects the lungѕ. It infects one third of the world population and kills approximately 2 million people each year (based on WHO report). Drug-reѕiѕtant TB haѕ become a...
The furanyl diterpenoid family of natural products has drawn the attention of both synthetic organic chemists and pharmacologists due to their complex structural architectures and diverse biological activity. Among them, wortmannin has been most extensively studied for biological activities. All these furanyl diterpenoids consist of a highly strained naptha[1,8-bc]furan core,...
Toxoplasma gondii, the most common parasitic infection of human brain and eye, persists across lifetimes, can progressively damage sight, and is currently incurable. New, curative medicines are needed urgently. Herein, we develop novel models to facilitate drug development: EGS strain T. gondii forms cysts in vitro that induce oocysts in...
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refinement tools in
REFMAC5, (2012) ActacrystallographicaSectionD: Biologicalcrystallography
S92
The planar peptide model has guided our understanding and interpretation of protein crystal structures since its origin in the 1950s. It is well understood that deviations from this model occur, but the majority of peptides are planar, as measured by the standard omega torsion angle. Here, we report the first...
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are anions consisting of three or more early transition metals ™ (Gr V and VI) oxoanions (in their highest oxidation state) linked together by a shared oxygen bond to form a 3D framework. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a rapidly growing class of metal oxo clusters with a wide range...
Thermoelectric materials are playing a larger role in the global effort to
develop diverse, efficient, and sustainable energy technologies: primarily through
power-generating thermoelectric modules. The principal components of
thermoelectric modules are solid-state thermoelectric materials – typically heavily
doped semiconductors – that convert heat directly into electricity. However, this
conversion efficiency...
The utility of high-throughput, computational screening has become an invaluable asset to the field of materials science. In the hierarchy of computational methods, the most accurate methods are often the most computationally expensive. However, as both the efficiency and fidelity of numerical techniques advance, high-quality screening of large materials datasets...
The sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium and obligate human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, remains a significant health and economic burden worldwide. In the absence of a protective vaccine, antimicrobial agents are the only pharmacological intervention for patients with gonorrhea. However, due to the remarkable ability of gonococcus...
The major purpose of this research was to characterize partially degraded proteins
appearing in the ocular lens during aging and cataract, and to identify the responsible
proteolytic activities. This research is significant, because increased protein
degradation is associated with lens opacification and cataract. Determining the sites
where lens proteins become...
The primary focus of this work is on examining structure-property relationships of interest for high-power nonlinear optical and laser crystals. An intuitive and simply illustrated method for assessing the nonlinear optical potential of structurally characterized noncentrosymmetric materials is introduced. This method is applied to materials including common quartz and tourmaline...
Magnetotellurics is used in two geologic settings on scales ranging from 1000-km tectonic structures to local features hundreds of meters wide. These areas are the Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) and its related mantle plume in the northern Midwestern United States and Newberry Volcano in central Oregon.
The MRS study uses...
The role of A-site non-stoichiometry was investigated in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on compositions in the 1-x(Bi₀.₅Na₀.₅TiO₃)-xBaTiO₃ system near the morphotropic phase boundary where x = 0.055, 0.06 and 0.07. The samples were prepared by a conventional solid state mixed oxide route with the A- site stoichiometry modified to incorporate...
Low-dimensional electronic materials offer a platform to observe biological processes with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the closest physical analog to an ideal 1D system and can be scaled and integrated into multiplexed electronic circuitry. The molecular structure of a CNT is also biocompatible, making them...
Understanding structural evolution in solids as composition changes is essential to materials properties prediction. Such structure-properties relationships are the theme of solid state chemistry. Materials scientists and chemists have utilized an abundance of simple crystal structures to enhance understanding of chemical and structural origins of properties in materials for decades....
This dissertation presents a study of structure-property relationships within 3d/4d metal oxides containing precious metals through detailed structure refinements using high-resolution neutron and X-ray diffraction data along with exploration of the resultant properties.
Oxides of 4d or 5d transition metals tend to show new topological phases due to significant spin-orbit...
Production of 89Zr serves as a crucial preliminary step for exploring Zr-chelates, determining their stability constants, and advancing radiolabeling methodologies for monoclonal antibody based theranostics. 89Zr is typically produced by the irradiation of natural yttrium targets, a process extensively documented in scientific literature. Two primary methods are employed: the 89Y(p,n)89Zr...
At liquid nitrogen temperature the spectra of sublimed
films of NH₄NCS, both as phase I (the usual form stable at
room temperature) and phase II (the low temperature form),
exhibit detail usually reserved for gases at low pressures.
In both phases the symmetry of ammonium ion has degenerated
from tetrahedral...
Life on Earth intimately depends on the function of countless proteins. For the majority of studied proteins, function absolutely depends on conformation (i.e. 3-dimensional shape in solution). The exact nature of how a protein goes from an unfolded linear polypeptide chain to an organized folded molecule is still not known,...
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the dominant ferroelectric material in the market due to its excellent piezoelectric properties, relatively high Curie transition temperature (T[subscript C]), low cost, etc. However, because of emerging applications with requirements for high temperature (T[subscript C] > 400 °C) ferroelectrics, researchers are increasingly looking at alternative...
The focus of this dissertation was to understand protein function and structure ona molecular level. To do this successfully, a variety of biochemical and biophysicaltechniques were employed. A wide variety of techniques were applied to study theproteins of interest in this dissertation to probe protein-protein interactions, proteinfunction, protein structure, and...
Inorganic structures play an important role in materials due to their versatility and diversity. A complete understanding of the structure of a material is vital to enhance the creation of new materials that fill voids in research. The rational design of these compounds is driven by the exploitation of structure-property...
Clark volcano of the Kermadec arc, northeast of New Zealand, is a large stratovolcano comprised of two coalescing volcanic cones; an apparently younger, more coherent, twin-peaked edifice to the northwest and a relatively older, more degraded and tectonized cone to the southeast. High-resolution water column surveys show an active hydrothermal...
This work investigates the relationship between the local structure and physical properties of a set of classical (MgTiO3, CaTiO3, SrTiO3, and BaTiO3) and complex ((1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3[BZT-BCT], Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 [NBT]) perovskite electroceramics. The materials in this work were synthesized via standard solid state ceramic synthesis, the structure was investigated through a number of...
The aim of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the dominant defect species and the relevant defect equilibrium conditions for bismuth-containing perovskites to help guide the development of these materials for emerging applications. This is of paramount importance for many demanding applications, because ultimately the defect equilibria...
A molecular approach to metal oxides allows to the study to fundamental bonding and formation behavior for such metals. Moreover, the molecular nature of such oxides or metal-oxo clusters allows the possibility of exploitation of the properties of the parent oxides. The tetravalent metals, in specific, (M=Zr, Hf, Ce, Th,...
The loss of all deuterium labels from previous feedings of [2-²H]-,
[3,3-²H₂]-, and [2,3,3-²H₃]arginines had indicated the possible intermediacy
of β-hydroxy- and β-ketoarginine (30 and 31, respectively) in the
biosynthesis of the streptolidine portion of streptothricin F (la).
In order to confirm or refute this evidence, D,L-[2,3,3,5,5-²H₅]-
arginine (32) was...
Hub proteins bind a large number of partners to facilitate structural changes and downstream protein interactions. LC8, a highly conserved protein homodimer, is a unique hub that regulates the activity of proteins in a wide range of cellular processes by binding to intrinsically disordered regions. With many of these systems,...