Oxides of nitrogen are a concern as effluents to atmospheres
because they participate in photochemical reactions which produce
smog, because they attenuate sunlight which gives the atmosphere a
reddish brown cast, and because of their toxic properties and the
health hazards associated with the photochemical products they produce.
Oxides of...
In Medford, Oregon, the major source of pollution is the lumber
mill waste burner. Its low combustion efficiency results in the
emission of large quantities of particulate into the atmosphere.
Due to the influence of the atmospheric radiation inversion and
possibly the poor performance of the burners at the time...
The importance of automobile exhaust as a source of atmospheric pollutants has been recognized for several years. With the
control of stationary sources in geographic areas such as Los
Angeles County, the automobile has become the major uncontrolled
source of air pollution.
The three major pollutants emitted by automobiles are...
The examination in some detail of the relationships between
air quality and the thermal structure of the lowest layers of the atmosphere
constituted the primary objective of this thesis. Data for
the study were assembled during April-June 1965 at the U.S.
Weather Bureau Station, McNary Field, Salem, Oregon. The measures...
A field study on grass field burning was conducted in the
Willamette Valley of Oregon during the summer of 1965. Approximately 243,000 acres of grass fields are burned in the valley during
August and September. Serious air pollution problems result from
this burning. The purposes of the study were to...
A study was conducted to determine what effects the type of
pollutants, storage conditions, storage time, and method of sample
conditioning have on the reported weight of an air pollutant collected
by filtration. Samples were collected from a refuse dump, an arc
furnace smelting nickel ore, and a rotary kiln...
The "Teepee" type wood residue incinerator, similar to
many other sources, requires sampling at the point where the emissions enter the atmosphere. Because the location of the emission
point is hazardous and unpleasant for the operation of a sampling
probe, a portable, tilt-up column was developed which permitted installation, operation,...
"Indexed herein are references to literature pertaining to the marine waters of Oregon. References to papers, depending on the subject matter contained in the paper, are indexed under one or more of the following headings: Marine Biology, Climate, Fisheries, Geology, Hydrology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, and Bibliographies, Literature Surveys and...
PART I. A chemical examination of the materials toxic to fish in
kraft pulp mill wastes has been made as part of a water pollution
study. Thirty gallons of "foul condensate" from a typical kraft mill
gave 14 g of organic material when extracted with methylene chloride,
and an additional...
A source test was conducted to determine the particulate and the
total gaseous hydrocarbon emissions from a gas heated veneer dryer.
Samples were taken on eight separate days from the exhaust stacks
while the dryer was processing Douglas fir veneer. Of the eight days,
three was used to determine the...
The study of aldehydes in diesel exhaust is important because
of their relationship to diesel odor, to air pollution, and to the development
of a theory of combustion. Therefore, a study is made
of the low order aliphatic aldehydes using gas chromatography in
conjunction with standard wet chemical tests.
The...
A mathematical model of the atmosphere in an airshed is developed, which relates pollutant source distributions and intensities
to the volume of air available for dispersion and to pollutant concentrations
or air quality standards. It can be used as a tool for obtaining
an answer to an air resource management...
Raw and biologically stabilized Kraft mill effluents were introduced
into laboratory artificial streams at a ratio of 15 ml per liter
of water over a two year period. Effluent from the stabilization pond
of a second mill was introduced at concentrations of from 5 to 40 ml
per liter of...
This thesis reports the results of a study on the influence of biologically
stabilized kraft mill effluent (SKME) on the food relations and
production of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha
(Walbaum), in laboratory streams. Experiments were conducted at
the Oak Creek Fisheries Research Laboratory, Oregon State University,
during 1967 and...
A study was conducted to determine the quantity and distribution
of bark debris resulting from log rafting. Three distinct problems were
studied: (I) the quantity of bark dislodged from the logs while being
placed in the rivers and during transport in log rafts; (2) the percentage
of the bark that...
Many agricultural fields are burned in the Willamette Valley
of Oregon during the summer for economic reasons. A major air
pollution problem results from these burnings. The purpose of this
study was to develop relations between the maximum plume height
and some of the independent variables affecting this plume height,...
An integrating nephelometer was set up at the Eugene Airport
which is located five miles north of Eugene, Oregon, on Highway
99 West. Continuous atmospheric scattering coefficient readings
were obtained from July 1, 1969, to August 28, 1969. These data
are converted to meteorological range through the use of the...
This document summarizes investigations of the effluent discharge from a nearby pulp mill into Coos Bay. It discusses discovery of the discharge, but focuses on its effects on gaper clams in the bay.
An emmission sampling system was developed to measure pollutants
emitted from a mobile agricultural incinerator developed at
Oregon State University. The system was designed to collect a particulate
sample on an 8" x 10" fiber glass filter and collect a gaseous
sample in a plastic bag. Pollutants measured were particulates...
Open field burning is the lowest-cost method of harvest residue
disposal used extensively by grass seed producers in the Willamette
Valley of Oregon. The beneficial effects of open field burning include
effective disease control and increased seed yields. However, smoke
produced by open burning in the late summer pollutes valley...
A high volume sampling system, employing Nuclepore filters and
designed for sampling particulate in the plumes from industrial
sources using a light aircraft, is described. The effluent of kraft
paper mills was sampled using this system and then analyzed by
electron microscopy.
Size distributions of particles were obtained at several...
The atmospheric trace element abundances associated with
several major sources of air pollution in Western Oregon, such as the
paper industry, the metallurgical processing industry, the plywood
industry and agricultural field burning have been measured by instrumental
neutron activation analysis (INAA). Air samples were collected
directly from industrial stacks and...
Baseline data for the first year of a two-year study to assess
the current status of ponderosa pine stands in southeastern
Montana relative to coal-fired electric power development are
presented. Sixteen permanent plots in pine stands were established
in eastern Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Several characteristics
believed to be...
The length of time that atmospheric pollutants released from low-level
sources in the midwestern United States can expect to remain in
the atmosphere is discussed. The pollution is assumed to be removed
from the atmosphere by dry deposition and precipitation scavenging.
Layer-average trajectories originating from Kansas City, Missouri are
used...
Lichen sensitivity to air quality has been recognized in Europe
for over 125 years: recently Federal agencies in this country have
begun using lichens as air quality bioindicators. This study presents
the results of three different approaches to air quality biomonitoring
using lichens: (1) a lichen community analysis, (2) an...
Physical geography and topography combined with increasing number of motor
vehicles have lead to record breaking air pollution levels in Tehran, the capital city of
Iran. The objectives of this study were: 1) to document trends in Tehran, Iran's
ambient air quality levels between 1988 and 1993; 2) to compare...
Attention has been drawn to the observation that environmental benefits under the current regulatory approaches are diminishing with respect to increased pollution control costs. Regulators have begun to appreciate that while environmental gains can still be achieved under the current command and control system, the most significant environmental gains have...
Poor air quality can result in reduced productivity and higher absenteeism in students, fatigue, eye, nose and throat irritation and reduced comfort. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimates that 2 million education employees work in areas with poor indoor air quality.
The measurement of carbon dioxide often is...
Three principal types of abiotic injury affect forests and woodlands in
Oregon: injury related to weather, to soil, and to human activity.
Abiotic injuries, also called abiotic diseases, can be found wherever
forests exist. They are, for the most part, initiated by nonliving factors in the environment, such as temperature...
On January 5, 2000, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation (HHE) from the United States Forest Service (USFS), Region 6, Office of Natural Resources. The request listed nausea, rashes, headaches, and dizziness as symptoms reported by Foresters who use...
Nutrient pollution may perhaps be one of the oldest water quality problems and has recently been considered as one of the greatest threats to estuarine and coastal waters. Excessive nutrient loads have had a vast array of impacts on estuarine and coastal ecosystems globally. Direct negative effects include: shading out...
Cloud reflectivity is a function of cloud liquid water content and droplet number concentration. Since cloud droplets form around pre-existing aerosol particles, cloud droplet number concentration depends on the availability of particles that can serve as cloud condensation nuclei. Given constant liquid water amount, increased availability of cloud condensation nuclei...
In 1990, the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments authorized the regulation of 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAP). Exposure to HAPs at sufficient concentrations and durations can increase both cancer and serious adverse non-carcinogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to conduct a human health risk assessment using data of...
Ambient high-volume (hi-vol) air samples were collected between March 15th and May 30th 2002, at Cheeka Peak Observatory (CPO), located on the tip of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. This sampling campaign was in conjunction with the 2002 Inter-Continental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT 2K2) Campaign and the Photochemical Ozone...
The unifying purpose of this dissertation was to describe, model, and map
relationships between epiphvtic macrolichen communities and air quality in Ibrests of
northern and central California. First, multivariate analyses were used to subdivide the
large study area into three model areas with similar climate, topography, and lichen
communities: the...
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Chapter 3. Bioindication of AirPollution in the Greater Central Valley of
California. U.S.A
Lichens are an important part of the biota in western Oregon forests, where
they perform valuable ecological roles and contribute significantly to biodiversity.
Lichens in western Oregon are threatened by a number of factors including air
pollution and land use practices. If we wish to maintain the persistence of lichens...
1-km MODIS observations of ship tracks off the west coast of the U.S. are used to characterize changes in cloud visible optical depths, cloud droplet radii, cloud cover fraction, and column cloud liquid water amount as low-level marine clouds respond to particle pollution from underlying ships. This study re-examines the...
Current studies suggest that perfluorinated organic compounds, such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FtOHs) in the troposphere, may be precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonates in remote regions. Fluorinated organic compounds were investigated in archived extracts collected from remote locations in Okinawa, Japan (HSO) and Mount Bachelor, Oregon (MBO) during the springs...
The atmospheric transport of anthropogenic semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) from Asian sources to the Western U.S. was investigated. In addition, the SOC extraction method was optimized. Hansen solubility parameter plots were used to aid in the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) solvent selection of air sampling media in order to minimize...
The purpose of this research was to compare four different media that were used to monitor SOC atmospheric concentrations in remote ecosystems. The accumulation of semi-volatile organic compounds, including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), was investigated in lichen, 2-year old conifer needles, resin-based passive air sampling...
Long-haul diesel trucks carry the lion’s share of all shipped goods in the United States. The drivers of these trucks often live in these trucks for days, sometimes weeks, at a time as they deliver these goods. When stopped overnight, many of these drivers leave their engines idling to heat...
One kilometer Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations for Terra (morning) and Aqua (afternoon) satellites were used to follow the morning to afternoon evolution of marine stratocumulus clouds that were affected by ship stack exhaust. The observations covered the summer months of 2002-2003 and August 2007 for marine layers off...
The use of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) as molecular markers to identify the contributions of regional and long-range atmospheric transport, as well as current and historic sources, and contaminant deposition in remote ecosystems of the Western U.S. was investigated. Trans-Pacific air masses influenced by Siberian biomass burning events had elevated...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a molecular weight (MW) of 302
and oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) have demonstrated toxicity beyond that of
frequently monitored and known carcinogenic PAHs. Airborne particulate matter
(PM) was characterized for MW 302 isomers to evaluate risk and air quality
indices and OPAHs in order to fill data...