Field deployments, flume experiments, and a 2D wave model have been used to identify the characteristics of Clark-type oxygen microelectrodes and measurement parameters that could possibly bias eddy correlation (EC) flux measurements made under waves. Eddy correlation is a technique adapted from atmospheric sciences that couples concurrent and co-located velocity...
We examined 120 vexillifer larvae of Echiodon dawsoni and 40 of Carapus bermudensis collected from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico and the western North Atlantic to Nova Scotia. Age was estimated for a subset of vexillifers, from which otoliths (sagittae) were excised and growth increments...
The extraction of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from pressure treated wood
wafers with supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. Experimental data
were obtained for the effects of pressure (17.5 - 25.0 MPa), temperature (313 - 353
K), flow rate (1 - 3 ml/min at supercritical conditions), and sample size (0.8 x 10...
We sought to improve net ecosystem exchange (NEE) estimates for a tall, dense, mature Douglas-Fir forest in the Oregon Coast range characterized by weak flows, systematic wind directional shear, and limited turbulent mixing throughout the diurnal period. We used eddy covariance (EC) observations at two levels and concurrent biological measurements...
Water conservation and water quality are rapidly increasing in importance in all areas of the world. The ability to accurately measure soil water content and salinity, over a wide variety of conditions, is key to meeting this need. A set of forward prediction models and waveform interpretation algorithms to extract...
Geostatistical methods were used to find efficient and accurate means for
salinity assessment using regionalized random variables and limited sampling. The
random variables selected, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity
(EC), and clay content were measured on samples taken over an area of fifteen
square miles. Ordinary kriging and co-kriging...
Environmental factors such as temperature, air, and water can have a profound
effect on the durability of asphalt concrete mixtures. In mild climates where good
quality aggregates and asphalt cement are available, the major contribution to
deterioration may be due to traffic loading and the resultant distress is manifested
in...
The atmospheric transport and deposition of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs), including current and historic use pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to mountain ecosystems may result in the exposure of tadpoles to these SOCs. This exposure has been implicated in amphibian population declines in California. Tadpoles encounter...
Adenosine 3', 5' -cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) and guanosine 3', 5' -cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP) were quantitated in the central nervous system (CNS) of the insect Manduca sexta by competitive protein binding techniques. The M. sexta CNS was found to contain a strikingly high level of cGMP, about...
The inhibition of S-aden.osylmethionine: Δ²⁴-sterol methyltransferase
(EC 2.1.1.41) activity by endogenous cellular components has
been studied in vitro. The principal inhibitors were Na⁺ and K⁺; Cs⁺,
NH₄⁺ and Li⁺ were also shown to inhibit the reaction. The inhibition
by potassium cation has been studied, and we have found that energy...
European seabass and gilthead seabream are two economically important cultured fish species along the Mediterranean coast. Both species represent respectively 10.9% and 13.5% of the total value of the European aquaculture sector (Eurostat, 2013). The EU is one of the largest producers of seabass and seabream in the world, being...
n situ soil moisture monitoring networks are critical to the development of soil moisture remote sensing missions as well as agricultural and environmental management, weather forecasting, and many other endeavors. These in situ networks utilize a variety of sensors and installation practices, which confounds the development of a unified reference...
Developmental changes in the enzymes acetylcholinesterase
(EC 3.1.1.7) and pseudocholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) were
examined in ovo and in vitro in the neural retina of the
developing chick. In addition, investigations of cellular
interactions and hormones as possible control mechanisms of
enzyme synthesis were made.
The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase, a...
Land use alters the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems and potentially alters their capacity to process nitrogen (N), an essential nutrient that has nearly doubled in abundance on the biosphere
during the past century from human activities. In this dissertation, I quantified uptake and transformation of nitrate (NO₃⁻)...
Forests are one of the largest repositories of terrestrial C. Understanding factors that drive organic matter transformations and nutrient efflux from these systems is therefore highly important. Temperate forests are of particular significance due to the large fraction of C that is stored below ground in the soil. Characterizing nutrient...
β-chitin/chitosan extracted from newly utilized jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) pens were investigated in respect to their physicochemical properties, polymeric structures, deacetylation and depolymerization characteristics, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These functional properties were further compared with α-chitin/chitosan prepared from shrimp shells. Due to the low mineral content (< 1%) and...
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is adapted to soils with high organic matter and acidic pH. Composts provide organic matter and nutrients for growing blueberry in mineral soils, but many composts are high in pH and soluble salts. Acidification with elemental sulfur (S°) can remedy high pH, but the process...
Esterase activity of an aqueous extract of the green bean was
separated into fourteen bands, while aqueous extracted pea esterases
revealed seven bands, by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The
fourteen bands of bean esterase activity formed three groups; slow,
intermediate and fast moving. α-Naphthyl acetate, propionate, and
n-butyrate and AS naphthol acetate...
Published October 1945. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1949. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Marine bacteria play vital roles in every niche of the ocean, from small-scale symbioses to large-scale productivity and the regulation of Earth’s climate. Recent advances in molecular tools now allow us to probe the genetic potential of entire microbial communities. The next step is linking these diverse communities to the...
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1948. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Igneous oceanic crust encompasses ~60% of Earth’s surface and is composed of basalt glass and mafic, ultramafic, and felsic minerals. A vast marine aquifer lies within the crust, exchanging geochemically altered fluids with seawater from the overlying ocean at ridge crests, flanks, seamounts, and outcrops where permeable crust is exposed....
Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The paleomagnetic history of the volcanic rocks of Easter
Island was investigated using standard paleomagnetic techniques.
The remanent magnetization of 673 specimens from the three volcanic
episodes recognized on the island were measured using a spinner
magnetometer. Inclinations, declinations and virtual geomagnetic
poles were calculated for each flow. The majority...
The hypothesis that inoculation of transplants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi before planting into saline soils would alleviate salt effects on growth and productivity was tested on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). A secondary hypothesis was that the fungi isolated from a saline soil would be...
Crops were grown at the experimental farms using accepted cultural practices within the limits of experimentation trials were conducted on growers' fields. Most experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with two to five replications. Herbicide treatments were applied uniformly with precision plot sprayers or granular formulations were distributed from...
Published March 1997. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The Chloroflexi CL500-11 clade contributes a large proportion of the bacterial biomass in the oxygenated hypolimnia of deep lakes worldwide, including the world's largest freshwater system, the Laurentian Great Lakes. Traits that allow CL500-11 to thrive and its biogeochemical role in these environments are currently unknown. Here, we found that...
Full Text:
EC
A. Aerobic phosphorylation
Ga0063436_12234 NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, B subunit 1.6.5.3
Phytophthora infestans is a destructive plant pathogen best known
for causing the disease that triggered the Irish potato famine and
remains the most costly potato pathogen to manage worldwide.
Identification of P. infestan’s elusive center of origin is critical to
understanding the mechanisms of repeated global emergence of
this pathogen....
Published September 1992. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1991. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The world sugar market does not perform in a perfect competitive
setting. This research has applied a new framework to analyze the
impacts of liberalization in international trade in sugar. The current
round of GATT negotiation has placed agricultural trade reform on top of
the list. Trade in sugar will...
This classification is an update of the 2004 classification of native vegetation of Oregon by Kagan, Christy, Murray and Titus. As before, this classification lists the native plant associations known to occur in Oregon, and includes both successional and climax vegetation types that were part of the presettlement landscape of...
Design and preliminarily characterization of two thermally-actuated pumps is presented
in this thesis. The unique feature of both pumps is the presence of periodic asymmetrical
structures on the channel walls. Two heat transfer effects are used with surface
asymmetry to generate forces that drive the fluid in a preferential direction...
An experimental study was made of the average and turbulent
wind characteristics of the flow over a model of a coastal headland.
The scale of the model was 300:1, corresponding to a prototype size
of 500 m.
The data for validation of the model study was obtained from
instruments mounted...
Biotic and abiotic processes at continent-ocean interfaces cycle a disproportionate mass of carbon and nutrients relative to their global surface area, and microbial activity is a principal determinant of organic and inorganic matter flux in these transition zones. Most studies using modern high-throughput ‘omics techniques to link microorganisms with costal...
Two identical single-ascending-dose studies evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AVI-6002 and AVI-6003, two experimental combinations of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with positive charges (PMOplus) that target viral mRNA encoding Ebola virus and Marburg virus proteins, respectively. Both AVI-6002 and AVI-6003 were found to suppress disease in virus-infected nonhuman primates...
Basin-wide approach in managing water resources is believed to be the most effective way in addressing upstream and downstream flows. However, this poses certain challenges as water basins tend to be transboundary and include a plethora of stakeholders and their interests. In order to avoid conflictive and rival behavior riparian...
BACKGROUND. Residues of pesticides on crops can result in mortality to foraging bees. The likelihood of mortality can be mitigated by applying pesticides in the evening so that their residues dissipate by the following morning when bees resume foraging. The dissipation rates of different pesticides, or their residual toxicity, is...
Published October 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Disturbances and their interactions play major roles in sagebrush (Artemisia spp. L.) community dynamics. Although impacts of some disturbances, most notably fire, have been quantified at the landscape level, some have been ignored and rarely are interactions between disturbances evaluated. We developed conceptual state-and-transition models for each of two broad...
Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined...
Full Text:
. Cosmochim. Acta 105, 146
(2013).
5. B. Marty, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 313-314, 56 (2012).
6. F. Robert
This report presents tables of suspended-sediment data collected from 1956 to 1967 at 10 sites in the Umpqua River basin. Computations based on these data indicate that average annual suspended-sediment yields at these sites range from 137 to 822 tons per square mile.
Because available data for the Umpqua River...
Published July 1974. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Chronic nitrogen (N) fertilization can greatly affect soil carbon (C) sequestration by altering biochemical interactions between plant detritus and soil microbes. In lignin-rich forest soils, chronic N additions tend to increase soil C content partly by decreasing the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes. In cellulose-rich grassland soils it is not clear...
Full Text:
, Imperial College, Silwood
Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
123
Biogeochemistry (2015) 126:301–313
DOI
Field, screenhouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted to
study weed interference in rice grown on hydromorphic soils at the
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) at Ibadan, Nigeria.
Rice and weeds emerged at the same time, 1 week after planting.
Weed dry weight was significantly reduced when the crop was...
Published July 1995. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This report includes information concerning experimental use of unregistered pesticides or unregistered uses of pesticides. Experimental results should not be interpreted as recommendations for use. Use of unregistered materials or use of any registered pesticides inconsistent with its label is against both Federal Law and State Law.
Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined...
Full Text:
of 2.8°x2.8° with 26 vertical levels. For mineral dust and EC
from fossil fuel combustion surface
As the western United States continues to experience prolonged drought that is extending water deficits and threatening ecosystem resilience and socioeconomic systems, it will be vital to understand the relationship between water use and transport for proper water resource management. This is especially important to the agricultural areas of the...
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) has become a pandemic. The main impairment in T2D is skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) and is often associated with obesity. Despite decades of study, the mechanisms of IR have not been fully resolved. Evidence has implicated mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential cause and/or consequence of IR....
As a result of a warming climate, subsequent declining snowpack, and a century of fire suppression, forest fires are increasing across the western United States. However, we still do not fully understand how forest fire effects snowpack energy balance, nor the volume and availability of snow melt and associated water...
This testing supplement supersedes FAA-CT-8080-2F, Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot, dated 2013.
This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards Service.
A number of groups in the United States have expressed concern regarding the state of public ocean literacy and the capabilities of the future marine STEM workforce. This pilot study explores some of the requirements for workforce development and the expansion of ocean literacy by introduction of fundamental ocean properties...
Headwater streams comprise nearly 90% of the total length of perennial channels in global catchments. They mineralize organic carbon entering from terrestrial systems, evade terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO₂ ), and generate and remove carbon through in-stream primary production and respiration. Despite their importance, headwater streams are often neglected in global...
Full Text:
the measured values 121
were corrected for dilution using electrical conductivity (EC) readings as a
This paper is aimed at determining the impact of the variability of marine environment conditions on the
capture of a vessel that exploit the red seabream fishery of the Strait of Gibraltar. This paper estimates
first and second order elasticities of a Translog approximation of a Stochastic Distance Functions of...
Revised April 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
More than 7 km of long and relatively continuous sediment sequences
from 11 sites in the southeast and equatorial Pacific were recovered
during Leg 202 for the study of the Earth’s climate and biogeochemical
systems on scales that range from tectonic (millions of
years) to orbital (tens to hundreds of...
Detection of reactor antineutrinos for non-proliferation applications has been researched extensively across the globe and is considered as a potential technology to remotely monitor reactor operations without any intrusions to reactor components. Reactor antineutrino detection experiments have been conducted in the past and have proven successful in detecting the changes...
The critically endangered Maui's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori maui) and the endangered Hector's dolphin (C. h. hectori) are endemic to the coastal waters of New Zealand, where their primary threat is fisheries-related mortality. The Maui's dolphin is among the most critically endangered cetaceans in the world, with its remnant population primarily...
Published January 1996. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Bioelution assays are fast, simple alternatives to in vivo testing. In this study, the intra- and inter-laboratory variability in bioaccessibility data generated by bioelution tests were evaluated in synthetic fluids relevant to oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Using one defined protocol, five laboratories measured metal release from cobalt oxide, cobalt...
Light availability strongly influences stream primary production, water temperatures and resource availability at the base of stream food webs. In headwater streams, light is regulated primarily by the riparian forest, but few studies have evaluated the influence of riparian forest stand age and associated structural differences on light availability. In...
There is an urgent need to clarify how different stocks, or subpopulations of fish species, are vulnerable to fishing pressure and unfavorable ocean conditions because of the increasing demand on fisheries for human consumption. For marine fishes, the potential for high gene flow increases the difficulty in determining the number...
The work described herein details the synthesis and application of
biphenyls that probe the effects of hydrogen, Cl / Br, and methyl substituents
on the aryl ring of the terminal acetylenic carbon. From this work, we
successfully developed the rapid synthesis of phenyl acetylenes in 3-4 steps
from inexpensive commercially...
Responses to two cycles of mass selection for heading date,
followed by selfing or intermating, were studied in two diverse
winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) crosses. Selection
was bidirectional, resulting in early and late populations for
each mating system, cycle, and cross. The influence of mass
selection for...
Irrigated agriculture constitutes the greatest consumptive water use globally, so that irrigation efficiency measures are an important part of global efforts to best utilize this limited resource. However, greater irrigation efficiency must be achieved while simultaneously maintaining or increasing crop yields and farming profitability. Incremental water use decisions are made...
Terrestrial ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of carbon, water vapor, and energy has been measured for over a decade at many sites globally. To minimize measurement and analysis errors, quality assurance data have been collected over short periods along-side tower instruments at AmeriFlux research sites. Theoretical and empirical error and uncertainty values have...
A growing body of work reveals that animal-mediated pollination is negatively affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Landscape-scale disturbance results in two often inter-related processes: (1) habitat loss, and (2) disruptions of habitat configuration (i.e. fragmentation). Understanding the relative effects of such processes is critical in designing effective management strategies to limit...
Montane meadows comprise less than 5% of the landscape of the western Cascades of Oregon, but they provide habitat for diverse species of plants and pollinators. Little is known about plant-pollinator network structure at these sites. This study quantified plant-pollinator interactions over the summer of 2011, based on six observations...
Electrochemical capacitors and batteries are two major electrochemical energy storage technologies, which have been investigated extensively to meet the rapidly-growing demand for higher energy, higher power, lower cost and enhanced safety in the past few decades. With the charge storage mechanism of electrostatic charge adsorption desorption via electrical double layers,...
...............................................................................................67
5 New Redox Pair in Aqueous Electrolyte for EC Applications ............................ 75
Urinary steroids have been studied during early and late pregnancy in
domestic horses or sporadic samples at various stages of pregnancy in wild
equidae. In our studies, urinary estrone sulfate (E1S) and pregnanediol
glucuronide (PdG) were monitored throughout pregnancy in six pony mares by
enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Both hormones were...
Compost maturity is an important determinant of end use for composted municipal yard debris, and generally refers to the effect the compost has on plants. The rate of microbial respiration is an indicator of compost stability. The objectives of this research were to: i) determine whether continuous aeration resulted in...
Measurable surface parameters which may be related to the response evoked upon contact with biofluids have been suggested to provide direction for characterization, prediction, and ultimate control of biofluid behavior at interfaces. With respect to fouling of heat exchange equipment by biofluids, such properties may be useful for the development...
Marine protected areas (MPAs), ideally, manage human uses that threaten ecosystems, or components of ecosystems. During several recent MPA designation processes, concerns have arisen over the scientific justification for no-take MPAs, particularly those that restrict recreational fishing for pelagic species. An important question is: under what conditions might recreational pelagic...