In the past, fisheries and aquaculture researchers in Africa have been handicapped by poor access to current scientific literature and difficulties in getting published in visible outlets. Efforts in the past decade to improve access, awareness and use of information have flourished. We examine whether these efforts are reflected in...
Full Text:
are not covered by DOAJ: African Journal of EnvironmentalScience and Technology; Ethiopian Journal of
In the past, fisheries and aquaculture researchers in Africa have been handicapped by poor access to current scientific literature and difficulties in getting published in visible outlets. Efforts in the past decade to improve access, awareness and use of information have flourished. We examine whether these efforts are reflected in...
Full Text:
are not covered by DOAJ: African Journal of EnvironmentalScience and Technology; Ethiopian Journal of
Our oceans surround us, and we depend upon them for food, transportation, and recreation. They affect us daily as they shape our climate and rattle our world with unexpected events. Current headlines indicate that they are in flux and perhaps in trouble. Coral reefs are dying due to rising ocean...
People of all ages are intrigued by the ocean, its inhabitants, dynamics and future. Our knowledge grows, but we change the ocean as we use its resources thus creating environmental problems and management challenges. When this volume is published, the Gulf of Mexico will not have recovered from the Deepwater...
The world’s ocean and estuaries fascinate many – from oceanographers studying the deep-sea to resource managers regulating fishing seasons to children finding their first seashell on the beach. The complexity of the marine environment is reflected in the specialized and interdisciplinary journals covering marine science. Journals can focus on particular...
This report establishes an industry knowledge base for existing anchoring and mooring techniques as applied to wave energy conversion (WEC) devices in and around Oregon. This report on anchoring and mooring techniques is derived from the cumulative experiences of engineers and scientists with many years of experience analyzing, designing and...
Assessing the impact of fungal decay in wood structures poses a major challenge for building inspectors. Although models have been developed to predict degradation rate of building components in varying climatic conditions, most are hampered by the lack of fundamental data on effects of fungal attack on engineering properties. Developing...
The VISualization of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems (VISTAS) software development project began with the proposition that visualization would increase the ability of scientists to explore and communicate their data, especially complex datasets that span multiple spatial and temporal scales. A case study of VISTAS articulates how and why scientists intend...
The thermal oxidation of submicron metallic Zn particles was studied as a method to form nanostructured ZnO films. The particles used for this work were characterized by electron microscopy, x ray diffraction, and thermal analysis to evaluate the Zn-ZnO core shell structure, surface morphology, and oxidation characteristics. Significant nanostructural changes...
This report deals with environmental strategies. Such strategies involve comprehensive and broad outlooks. In contrast, environmental tactics involve more limited concerns which can be usually addressed in a disciplinary or multi-disciplinary manner. The development of strategies necessitates interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary outlooks. Such outlooks are extremely difficult to achieve because different...
The feasibility of developing test circuits to perform in-circuit testing of analog
circuits is investigated in this thesis. A modular approach to analog testing has been
adopted. Accordingly, the testing of an operational amplifier, which is a basic building
block in analog circuits, is addressed. One convenient technique for measuring...
Development of wave and offshore wind-based marine renewable energy is anticipated on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off Oregon and much of the Pacific Northwest in the coming decade. Multiple issues related to environmental considerations and information needs remain for these emerging industries. The Oregon Marine Renewable Energy Environmental Science...
Ultraviolet-protective compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and related gadusols produced by some bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine invertebrates, are critical for the survival of reef-building corals and other marine organisms exposed to high-solar irradiance. These compounds have also been found in marine fish, where their accumulation is thought...
This final evaluation report shares findings from the summative evaluation study of the Connected Science Learning: Linking In-School and Out-ofSchool STEM Learning (CSL) journal as well as themes that emerged across the broader three-year evaluation study. The ongoing study was conducted by researchers at the Center for Research on Lifelong...
A panel of speakers from three universities explored their challenges and progress in building programs to support research data management, whether within the library system or with research offices or computing groups. Since 2012 Oregon State University has partnered with its research office and graduate school, helping students prepare data...
The potential for preservative migration from treated wood exposed in or above aquatic environments has become a major concern in some parts of the United States. Best management practices (BMP) were designed to decrease the potential environmental footprint of treated wood, but there are few studies assessing the efficacy of...
There are several issues to be addressed concerning the management and effective use of information (or data), generated from nanotechnology studies in biomedical research and medicine. These data are large in volume, diverse in content, and are beset with gaps and ambiguities in the description and characterization of nanomaterials. In...
A new laboratory technique to simulate the initiation of wood decay and to assess the effects of incipient decay on material properties is described. Douglas-fir heartwood specimens were exposed to brown-rot (Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum) fungi for various periods. Bendlng properties were determined by nondestructive and destructive tests, and...
The effect of pretreatment of Douglas-fir flakes with CCA-C, borate, and azaconazole on properties of flakeboard was studied. Flakes had higher retention levels of CCA-C and borate in their ends than in their centers. The distribution of chemicals was uniform in panels, which indicates that the chemicals did not migrate...
In Fall of 2006, Provost Sabah Randhawa convened the University IT Committee (UITC) to review OSU’s information infrastructure and develop a shared institutional vision for the teaching, research and administrative needs of OSU for the next decade that helps the university achieve its long-term goals. The UITC will help the...
The levels of copper, chromium, and arsenic in soil surrounding CCA-treated posts and beneath CCA-treated stakes were investigated at a plot near Gainesville, Florida. Metal levels were elevated in soil immediately adjacent to the treated wood, but decreased with distance away or depth. Mean extractable arsenic levels ranged from 1.74...
The ability of white and brown rot fungi to colonize wood-plastic composites was investigated by measuring weight loss and anatomical changes. Three composite materials were evaluated. The material containing a 70/30 wood-high density polyethylene (HDPE) mixture was most susceptible to fungal attack, while two different 50/50 wood-HDPE composites experienced little...
Tests were conducted to determine the effect of ACZA composition on fixation and the roles of adsorption and precipitation in fixation. The sites of copper and zinc adsorption within the treated wood and the bonding environment of adsorbed copper were also examined. The results generally support the finding that arsenic...
The ability of 15 bacterial and fungal isolates to inhibit fungal stain of ponderosa pine sapwood was studied on small wood samples exposed in a moist environment. Several isolates including Bacillus subtilis were capable of inhibiting fungal stain although the protective effect was lost upon prolonged exposure. More detailed evaluations...
The forest sector and the global financial crisis (GFC) provide a unique setting for investigating the relationships among market orientation, innovativeness and firm performance. While most of the extant literature suggests that market orientation helps a firm build its innovativeness, we suggest that in the production oriented forest sector, especially...
Studies of the effects of various chemicals on fungal growth are difficult to perform on filamentous fungi because of the difficulty of observing the protoplasm through the rigid hyphal wall, and because most activity occurs in the region near the hyphal tip. However, hyphae can be exposed to certain enzymes...
High concentrations of the fumigant methylisothiocyanate (MITC) will effectively control decay fungi in large wood structures, but the fungitoxicity of low MITC concentrations and the influence of wood moisture content (MC) on its performance are not well understood. The MC of Douglas-fir heartwood greatly influenced the susceptibility of the decay...
In 2004 the National Toxicology Program published an article describing their intent to pursue toxicology testing and risk assessment practices solely reliant on high throughput in vitro datasets and in silico modeling for dose-response assessments. Support and contributions form regulatory agencies and a significant portion of the life sciences community...
The fungitoxicity of carbon disulfide (CS2), methylisothiocyanate (MITC), or a mixture of these two gases, to selected wood-degrading fungi was studied by using a fumigation apparatus. Both gases are important decomposition products of metham sodium, the most commonly used fumigant for internal treatment of large wood members. Carbon disulfide (up...
We sampled boles, branches, and roots of four Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees to learn a) whether branches and roots have a zone of juvenile wood, defined as a zone with progressive changes in wood density and/or tracheid length from the pith outward at successively greater cambial
ages, and...
Basamid (3,5-dimethyl-l,3,5,2H-tetrahydrothiadiazine-2-thione), a crystalline powder first used as a soil sterilant, has shown promise as a wood fumigant. This chemical decomposes to methylisothiocyanate (MITC), the primary active ingredient, as well as other products; but the rate of decomposition in wood is too slow to be effective unless certain catalysts are...
Vapam(r) (NaMDC) is the fumigant most commonly used to arrest and control decay of utility poles. While volatile fungitoxins are detectable only 1 to 2 years after treatment, poles treated with Vapam(r) remain free of decay fungi for 6 to 17 years. Vapam(r) decomposes to produce volatile fungicides as well...
The heartwood of western redcedar (Thuja plicuta) is known for its natural resistance to fungal attack, but some users of western redcedar utility poles have suggested that its durability may be diminished as suppliers begin to harvest trees from younger stands. The decay resistance of western redcedar samples from the...
A closed-tube bioassay with Poria placenta was used to measure residual fungistatic vapors in wood fumigated with methylisothiocyanate (MIT). This bioassay showed an inverse linear relationship between fungal growth and the amount of MIT in the wood samples. For fumigated increment-core sections of unseasoned Douglas-fir heartwood (4.8 mm in diameter...
The development of pressure inside wood during preservative impregnation was studied using Douglas-fir heartwood and ponderosa pine sapwood. Pressure sensors mounted on sample holders provided the most reliable measurements. As expected, pressure equilibrated most rapidly with air as the treatment medium and ponderosa pine as the test species. Pressure changes...
A small-scale test was developed to evaluate the ability of fungicides to control decay fungi established in wood. The test, which uses blocks 2.5 x 2.5 x 10 cm, tests the ability of a chemical to migrate from the middle of the block to control a previously established decay fungus,...
The objective of this work is to explore the feasibility of replacing conventional op-amps with inverters in switched-capacitor (SC) circuits. In order to verify the idea, a low-pass filter (LPF) and a second-order delta-sigma (∆Σ) analog-todigital converter (ADC) are designed in the 0.5-m CMOS technology. The low-pass filter structure is...
A steady-state computer simulation was developed for the
Chemico Urea Process which is owned and operated by Reichhold
Chemicals, Inc., St. Helens, Oregon. The DISCOSSA executive system
was used to process information input and output and to automatically
converge the complex recycle calculations in this process.
The models developed in...
The lead Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule and
the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, both enacted in 2008, were
intended to protect children from exposure to lead by setting federal limits
on lead content. Neither of these federal actions, however, addresses a newly
recognized pathway of exposure to lead from...
The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery harvests a diverse and large grouping of fishes, but it did not become heavily fished until around WWII. This makes the groundfish fishery a comparatively young fishery. Despite its youth, it is one of the largest and most lucrative fisheries in Oregon—with a current harvest...
Ian Angell, in the New Barbarian Manifesto, said “A ‘brave new world’ is being forced upon unsuspecting societies by advances in information technology.” It would seem then, that technological advances happen automatically and have a life of their own. There is a logic to technological advancements that is outside human...
There are many drivers for the pursuit of renewable energy extraction from coastal seas. In the United Kingdom these include moving away from fossil fuels to mitigate the impacts of climate change, improving energy security by diversifying supply options, increasing wealth generation in outlying coastal communities, and seeking alternative sources...
[The main report can be found in the full conference proceedings. The files here are the conference presentation and an appendix to the main report,] The specific intent of this presentation is to provide a framework to stimulate thought and discussion about the issue of the potential ecological effects of...
There is a great deal of evidence that altered sphingolipid metabolism is associated with fumonisin-induced
animal diseases including increased apoptotic and oncotic necrosis, and carcinogenesis in
rodent liver and kidney. The biochemical consequences of fumonisin disruption of sphingolipid
metabolism most likely to alter cell regulation are increased free sphingoid bases...
BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with skin lesions. However, it is not known whether reducing arsenic exposure will improve skin lesions.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between reduced arsenic exposures and skin lesion recovery over time.
METHODS: A follow-up study of 550 individuals was conducted in 2009-2011 on...
Background: When conducting research with American Indian tribes, informed consent beyond conventional institutional review board (IRB) review is needed because of the potential for adverse consequences at a community or governmental level that are unrecognized by academic researchers. Objectives: In this article, we review sovereignty, research ethics, and data-sharing considerations...
BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most prevalent chemicals in daily-use materials; therefore, human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous. The estrogenicity of BPA is generally mediated by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs). However, low concentrations of BPA stimulate seminoma cell proliferation by an uncertain mechanism that does not involve...
Background: There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that arsenic exposure in utero, even at low levels found throughout much of the world, is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and may contribute to long-term health effects. Animal models, in vitro studies, and human cancer data suggest that arsenic may induce epigenetic alterations,...
Project Loom is a system of sensors, actuators, processors, and wireless connectivity chips that the user can pick and choose from in order to create an Internet of Things application that fits their desired needs. The modularity of the system and ease of use allows for the user to create...
As the Chief of the Environmental Sciences Section of BOEM, the speaker welcomed participants and gave background on the topic from the federal perspective. She identified BOEM's need to share environmental research information as well as determine the largest data gaps to guide future research. From her perspective, the intent...
The speaker provided the background of the conference and its objective. The groundwork for the current conference was laid in earlier workshops and studies. These include the 2007 scientific workshop, "Ecological Effects of Wave Energy Development in the Pacific Northwest", the report "Effects of EMFs from Undersea Power Cables on...
This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) for the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Information on report preparation and acknowledgment of reviewers are included in the report.
Interest has increased in developing renewable energy sources to reduce U. S. dependence on oil. Policy makers and resource managers now are considering power generation technologies proposed for development along the Continental Shelf of the U. S. Pacific coast beyond state waters. This region supports abundant populations of seabirds and...
The ocean deployment of arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WEC arrays) appears likely in the near future, and deployment of offshore wind turbines has already started. These technologies tap into a potential renewable energy resource but also involve complex systems with uncertain environmental consequences that will likely scale with the...
Published January 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Polymer samples of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a PTFE-glass weave (RF- 35P) are exposed to low pressure, non-equilibrium glow discharge plasmas for enhanced wettability as measured by static contact angles. Plasma treatments are performed in two parallel plate RF plasma systems, a downstream microwave plasma and a barrel etcher using feed...
A systematic study of the elution of magnesium and calcium from
Dowex 50 X 8 resin using α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-HIBA) at
various pH values and concentrations, indicated that the difference in
the equilibrium distribution coefficients of these two elements was
large enough for a good separation. This fact was applied...
Fishes are expected to interact with Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) projects in ways dependent upon both the nature of the project in question and on the ecology of the species considered (Figure 1). The siting of MRE projects will determine the habitat affected, the species expected to encounter the project,...
The offshore waters and the coastline of Oregon provide year-round habitat for a number of birds, marine mammals, sea turtles, and possibly bats, at least fifteen of which are federally listed as threatened or endangered. Previous workshops on offshore renewable energy have provided baseline information on the distribution and abundance...
This presentation will provide an overview of how the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) uses environmental information for decision-making and the role BOEM’s Environmental Studies Program (ESP) plays in fulfilling information needs to inform Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) resource management decisions.
The ESP conducts and oversees top-quality scientific research...
More needs to be done by the private sector to optimize the drug discovery and development pipeline. In addition, significant efforts should also be focused on the understanding of mechanism of diseases, on the characterization of unexplored biochemical pathways and on the validation of new protein targets. Chemical genomics, which...
A novel role of the dihydroorotatedehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor leflunomide as a potential anti-melanoma therapy was recently reported (Nature 471: 518-22, 2011). We previously reported that leflunomide strongly activates the transcriptional activity of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). We therefore tested whether the AhR regulates the anti-proliferative effects of leflunomide in...
According to a 2017 Pew Research Study, 44% of adults in America say that they do not feel informed enough about science to understand news and new discoveries discussed on the media (Funk et al. 2019). This is concerning, because adults are not just passive consumers of media; among other...
Engineering practice is aptly described as a unique culture, shaped by a long history of social learning, norms and values. As these systems and values have been constructed to the benefit of white men, it is unsurprising that the study of engineering culture has revealed many structures working against the...
Science is one of the fundamental building blocks of modern societies, and though some science topics are easily accepted by public audiences, others generate intense social controversy by challenging beliefs that are fundamental to a person’s, or group’s, identity. The Theory of Evolution is one of these “hot-button” issues, as...
Cultivars of several cereal crops have been developed with acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)
insensitivity to imidazolinone herbicides and are now an important tool for weed management.
Options for screening for imidazolinone resistant lines include direct herbicide application,
biochemical assays for AHAS activity and DNA-based methods. Herbicide and biochemical
assays for AHAS...
Two large-resistance realisation schemes are proposed using switched-capacitor
circuits. The equivalent resistance of the array realisation
increases as the third power of the number of capacitor pairs, and
that of the ladder realisation increases exponentially. The equivalent
resistance for the ladder scheme also grows with the capacitance
ratio. Using these...
On June 20, 2017, members of the environmental engineering and science (EES) community convened at the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) Biennial Conference for a workshop on antimicrobial resistance. With over 80 registered participants, discussion groups focused on the following topics: risk assessment, monitoring, wastewater treatment, agricultural...
Hard Fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill.) has potential for in
creased turf use but does not respond well to normal seed production
management practices in Oregon. Field burning (the normal residue
management practice) results in reduced seed yields in commercial hard
fescue seed production fields but stimulates seed production in Chewings...
The advance of digital IC technology has been very fast, as shown by rapid development of DSP, digital communication and digital VLSI. Within electronic signal processing, analog-to-digital conversion is a key function, which converts the analog signal into digital form for further processing. Recently, low-voltage and low-power have become also...
Urban areas currently cover a small fraction of Oregon’s landscape but will expand to accommodate an increasingly large proportion of the state’s growing population and economic activity. Residential developments on rural lands now cover more than twice the area occupied by Oregon’s urban developments and are growing rapidly. Oregon urban...
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential agent of the innate immune system which exhibits multi-mechanistic antimicrobial activity. Previously, increased antimicrobial activity against E. coli with nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles (NO-np) was demonstrated when combined with glutathione, versus NO-np alone, due to formation of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a potent transnitrosylating agent. To...
Reverse osmosis (RO) is being increasingly used in treatment of domestic
wastewater secondary effluent for potable and non-potable reuse. Among other
foulants, dissolved biopolymers, i.e., proteins and polysaccharides, can lead to
severe fouling of RO membranes. In this study, the roles of RO membrane surface
properties in membrane fouling by...
The reliability of ocean systems is dependent on organizational factors. It has been shown that low probability / high consequence system failures are overwhelmingly induced by organizational factors. However, no methodology is yet widely accepted for the evaluation of this phenomenon or its accurate quantification. A qualitative complementary approach is...
The working hypothesis for this study is that the introduction of GIS technology into the ancient procedures of map-making has changed the map-making context sufficiently to require a revision of the way we think about, learn from, and use maps, specifically in the public involvement process in natural resource management....
Volatile sulfur compounds have been reported to be
responsible for the sulfurous off-flavors generated during
the thermal processing of milk; however, their analysis
has been a challenge due to their high reactivity,
high volatility, and low sensory threshold. In this study,
reactive thiols were stabilized and the volatile sulfur
compounds...
There are typically two responses to the complex environmental problems of our time: 1) doom and gloom and 2) optimism. There is a lot of doom and gloom in the environmental literature. This literature warns that the future portends danger for humans and their life support systems. But when one...
Currently, the technologies used to separate lignocellulosic biomass into its component parts (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and enzymatically hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose for conversion to ethanol could be improved economically and in terms of efficiency. A major impediment to utilizing the biomass is the presence of residual lignin. The...
In this thesis, novel design techniques have been proposed for implementing high-linearity SC circuits in a standard digital CMOS process. They use nonlinear MOSFET capacitors instead of linear double-poly capacitors. To reduce their nonlinearities, a bias voltage is applied to keep MOSFET capacitors in their accumulation regions. For further reduction...
Water supplies are diminishing worldwide and by 2025 two thirds of the population could be living in regions of water scarcity (local demand for water is greater than water supply). One method to increase available water sources is to use desalination technologies to separate water from saline solutions. While desalination...
Wicking action refers to the movement of a liquid through a porous or a structured surface via capillary action. This phenomenon is affected by surface geometry, such as the wick thickness and pore size of the wick, as well as fluid properties, such as viscosity and surface tension of the...
The underlying aim of my dissertation was to contribute knowledge that may better support and foster STEM education improvement initiatives at public research universities. The two research studies included in my dissertation advance knowledge per perspectives of key stakeholders targeted by initiatives attempting to foster change, students and faculty. In...
Marine biofouling is a major problem in many industries. Shipping has been afflicted with reduced vessel speed and hindered maneuverability due to organisms attaching since the dawn of sailing. To date, the primary method developed to prevent fouling is the application of biocide laden coatings with various release mechanisms. Mass...
This report focuses on the use of ecological indicators to evaluate ecological restoration effectiveness, particularly restoration aimed at salmonid recovery and watershed restoration efforts under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Part 1 addresses conceptual issues including how indicators can be linked to monitoring, how conceptual models can be...
The existence, sources, distribution, circulation, and physicochemical nature of macroscale oceanic water bodies have long been a focus of oceanographic inquiry. Building on that work, this paper describes an objectively derived and globally comprehensive set of 37 distinct volumetric region units, called ecological marine units (EMUs). They are constructed on...
Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are important in the teaching of undergraduate students (Golde & Dore, 2001). However, they are often poorly prepared for teaching (Luft, Kurdziel, Roehrig, & Turner, 2004). This dissertation addresses teaching effectiveness in three related manuscripts:
1. A position paper...
This study represents an internship, as a requirement of the Professional Science Masters program at Oregon State University, performed with Western Ag Innovations Inc. The study consisted of two aspects -- one business and one science oriented. The two objectives of this internship were to: 1) qualitatively evaluate how two...
There is continuing interest in the trend of costs associated with pollution abatement activities. We specify an environmental production technology to model the joint production of good and bad outputs. The joint production model calculates pollution abatement costs and identifies changes in these costs associated with: (1) technical change, (2)...