Chemical equilibrium is a major factor in many natural and
industrial systems. The ability to predict ionic equilibrium is
extremely valuable in industry in solving problems without the costs
involved in full scale experiments. An example of an application in
the pulp and paper industry is the prediction of non-process...
This thesis describes evaluation of a novel self-sealing chewable sustained release tablet that can maintain controlled release of drug regardless of compaction, crushing, or chewing. The new formulation contains polyethylene oxide which produces a sealant effect for cracks produced in the polymer coating during compaction. Dissolution studies were conducted and...
The numerical modeling of motions in the atmosphere's
planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a challenging task. In
general, the boundary layer interacts with both the overlying
atmosphere and the underlying land or water surface
in a complex manner. Random turbulence is also present in
the PBL which precludes exact prediction...
In this research a model is developed to predict population for relatively
rural areas experiencing rapid economic development. Of the many
ways to predict population size, in this research a "demographic-economic"
model is chosen for use. The economic variables which aid in projecting
population are total employment, and net changes...
A satellite-derived Climatology of Global Ocean Winds (COGOW) on a 0.5° latitude by 0.5° latitude grid is presented based on 5-years (August 1999 July 2004) of measurements from the SeaWinds scatterometer that was launched on 19 June 1999 onboard the QuikSCAT satellite. SeaWinds is an active microwave radar that estimates...
The effects of possible operating variables such as flow rate, surface temperature, bulk temperature, solids contents, sulfate addition and pH on the fouling of sulfite spent evaporators were studied. The study pointed out that the Ca⁺⁺ concentration difference between heated surface and bulk is the most important factor for fouling...
The effect of concentration, vehicle and surfactant on the
absorption of benzocaine -³H across the rat's rectal mucosa was
investigated. Blood radioactivity levels were determined after the
application of benzociane -³H containing suppositories and ointments.
A wet oxidation method was used for sample digestion. Since the
radioactivity counted is the...
Vital rates and population connectivity are fundamental concepts in animal ecology and such information is critical for successful conservation planning. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is a species of conservation concern because of its strong association with forests recently burned by high-severity wildfire. However, several recent studies have found that...
The infrared spectra of the metaborate monomer and trimer
ions in NaC1, KC1, and KBr were studied. These spectra contain
bands due to the trimer in solid solution, in a second phase of the appropriate
potassium or sodium salt, and perhaps on adjacent lattice
sites. Furthermore, complex equilibria exist between...
The forest products industry often uses intermediate-support cable logging systems to transport logs from the harvest site to a staging area. A method is presented to assist in the analysis and design of these cable systems. The method determines tensions in individual cables, forces on and stresses in the support...
Propionic acid, live Propionibacterium shermanii, and
Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) were tested for their stimulatory or
inhibitory efects on yeast, bacteria, and molds. The amount
of propionic acid required for inhibition of molds was
strain specific and equal to or less than that required for
inhibition of the yeasts. Live P....
Improved assay methods for determination of dyphylline levels in plasma, saliva, and urine utilizing high pressure liquid chromatography have been developed. Detection of levels as low as 25 ng/ml from 0.5 ml plasma and 50 ng/ml from 0.5 ml saliva were possible. Both procedures utilized the same extraction process. A...
The current and potential benefits of using geographic information systems (GIS) to support state-level and regional-scale ocean management in the United States are evaluated. Specifically, the role of GIS in facilitating improved integration of management strategies for a variety of resource use issues across multiple management jurisdictions is examined, along...
Gastric retention time of single unit dosage forms in swine was found
to be much longer than in humans. It was concluded that swine are not a
good animal model to study GI transit time of nonerodable or slowly eroded
dosage forms. Noneradable and slowly eroded dosage forms used to...
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline
in rabbits were determined following both oral and
intravenous administration of the drug. Serum theophylline
concentrations were determined using high pressure
liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were
determined and verified by computer analysis. The overall
mean Beta disposition constant was 0.089 hr⁻¹ which corresponds
to...
This thesis describes a project to produce controlled release ketoprofen beads for capsules, both at Oregon State University and in an industrial scale-up operation, that are bioequivalent to the commercial product Oruvail. A bead formulation was produced by layering drug and binders in water onto nonpareil sugar seeds in a...
In vivo research following ingesting of commercially available
Lactobacillus tablets, which contain about 2X10⁶ cfu/tablet of
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus cells in a dose
of four tablets daily, showed serum lipoprotein concentrations did not
change significantly. In order to increase the number of viable
Lactobacillus bacteria after challenging in...
The role of iron in the body is well known for it is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome, enzyme catalase and peroxidase. Iron deficiency anemia is widespread among vulnerable groups in industrialized societies and in the general population of tropical developing areas. In the United States there are ten...
Non-process elements are present in all kraft
recovery systems. Non-process elements are defined as
those elements which are not essential to the chemical
process, i.e., are neither active pulping chemicals (e.g.,
NaOH and Na₂S in the kraft process), nor compounds present
as a result of incomplete conversion of makeup chemicals...
This dissertation describes how to apply pharmacokinetic simulations and modeling in a clinical setting to monitor and adjust drug dosing in special patient populations. Pharmacokinetic simulations were used to investigate efficacy and risk of drug toxicity of a new dosing regimen for aminoglycoside antibiotics when administered to renal failure patients....
Future scenarios of global climate change rely on large-scale climate envelope models that do not account for local climatic conditions to which organisms most closely respond. Shifts in species distributions and phenology driven by climate change are well-documented, yet we lack a strong understanding of how climate change will influence...
Dyphylline is an analog of theophylline and the latter
is the most popular member of the methylxanthine family in
use for the treatment of asthma. Although dyphylline is
devoid of some problems associated with theophylline, a
reported short half-life has made it's clinical usefulness
limited. To avoid this problem a...
Snags provide critical habitat for nearly one-third of wildlife species in forests of the Pacific Northwest, so historic declines in snags are thought to have had a strong impact on biodiversity. Resource managers often create snags to mitigate the scarcity of snags within managed forests, but information regarding the function...
Black liquor recovery boilers experience significant fire-side fouling problems due to the deposition of entrained particulate matter. Increased understanding of the mechanisms by which particles deposit on these surfaces will lead to more effective management of the resultant problems. There is some evidence which suggests that the sub-micron fraction of...
The source and nature of permit value and the federal grazing fee debate motivated this dissertation research. There is little doubt that federal grazing permits have value throughout the western United States, but the source of permit value is unclear. A traditional explanation focuses on the capitalized differential between the...
This thesis describes 1) development of a gastric retention device (GRD) to
increase gastric retention time of certain drugs, 2) product formulations of an immediate
release itraconazole and controlled-release ketoprofen. GRD was fabricated from crosslinked
carbohydrate polymers. Rate and extent of hydration of the film in water and in
simulated...
This thesis describes in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a gastric retention formulation (GRF) developed at Oregon State University. The formulation was prepared from xanthan gum and locust bean gum as gelling agents and other formulation ingredients were added, then it was originally vacuum oven dried. The effect of...
Acetaminophen has been safely used for analgesia for many years.
Literature suggests that a plasma acetaminophen level of 5μg/ml is necessary to
maintain analgesic relief in humans. Current dosing regiments are inconvenient (every
4-6 hours) and do not maintain this minimum plasma level. Simulations were
conducted to examine various doses...
Hot-melt pan-coating, which is a novel coating method and takes 2-3 hours for 300 mg coating weight gain per capsule and tamper-resistant coating, which takes 30 minutes, is much faster than tedious sugar coating and allows greater coating weight gains in shorter times than spray-melt coating. Although hot-melt pan coating...
This dissertation describes the development of a new sustained release formulation of nifedipine. The new formulation was developed by coating commercially available immediate release soft elastic gelatin capsules using a spray coating technique with two different polymeric combinations. Dissolution studies were conducted and showed that controlled release of nifedipine was...
Raw material costs and limited material availability and quality have created
significant interest in and opportunities for the application of nondestructive
evaluation techniques to improve wood processing technologies. The incentives come
from the desire to 1) manufacture the highest valued product, 2) conserve the
amount of raw material used, 3)...
A high-pressure liquid chromatography method based on
reported literature was developed for the quantitative
analysis of chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine,
phenylpropanolamine and acetaminophen in dissolution
fluids and urine. The effects of buffer, pH and different
concentrations of organic solvent in the mobile phase on
chromatographic separation are described in Chapter I.
Dissolution...
Bee populations are declining around the globe, while the need for their pollination services is increasing with growing food demands by an expanding population. There is a need for innovative practices to increase pollination in agricultural environments without harming wild bee populations. However, the use of artificial visual attractants has...
Gastrointestinal (GI) transit data were collected using pigs
as animal models. Density and size effects of non-disintegrating
dosage forms on GI transit were investigated. Total GI transit
times range from 2 to 33 days for 22 administrations of these nondisintegrating
dosage forms. Pigs are found to not be an
appropriate...
The major objective of this study was to seek the reactions
of a group of supermarket managers as to what factors they felt were
necessary to a successful performance in their occupation.
One hundred eighty-four managers employed by a western-based
firm which operates stores in ten states returned questionnaires
rating...
This thesis is compromised of two distinct formulation sections, which are described below:
New compression-coated tablet formulations were developed for amoxicillin/clavulanate. Amoxicillin in an outer coat was separated from clavulanic acid in a core tablet by inactive ingredients in a middle coat. A chewable compression-coated tablet formulation with 50% stearic...
Effects of lactobacilli in enteric coated capsules
were studied in piglets (Chapter I). Lactobacillus
acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from a
commercial product were formulated in capsules, enteric
coated, and then given to both Escherichia coli-challenged
and unchallenged baby pigs. Decreased
incidence and severity of diarrhea, and decreased weight
deceleration...
Competitive bid sales of U.S. Forest Service in the Pacific Northwest
timber resources have significant effects on the economies of
Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. These sales contribute to the economic
vitality of small regions or communities dependent upon timber as a primary
resource input. Any changes in the price or...
Previous studies have indicated that the largest loss associated with green veneer production occurs at the green veneer clipper. It has been reported that up to 26 percent of the block volume is lost during clipping. However, because of today's processing sophistication, this value is no longer considered current nor...
The Best Opening Face (BOF) log breakdown model was
modified to keep track of growth ring angle and growth
ring density in boards. The model was used to determine
the effects of producing rectangular rather than square
pencil stock. While an increase in volume did result,
there was also a...
The first project of this thesis is an in vitro study. This study was performed with 8 hydrocortisone topical products on the market for the purpose of comparing one Tec Lab product, a Corticool gel, to the other seven common products on the market. The permeation of these products was...
Machine vision is widely used in scientific areas and non-wood using
industries, but the extreme variability of wood has limited its adoption by forest
products industries. However, it is now becoming a key factor in further automation
of the forest products industry. As a very important part of machine vision,...
This thesis describes evaluation of a gastric retention device (GRD) developed at Oregon State University. The device was originally fabricated from Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum. A modified gastric retention device containing other additives was developed and investigated in this work. The modified device was evaluated in vitro for...
Current lathe technology, smaller diameter logs, smaller core diameters, and
the sale of higher grade veneer for use in engineered wood products are all factors
contributing to plywood manufacturers using rougher veneer with different lathe
check characteristics. When rough veneer is encountered, plywood manufacturers
typically increase the adhesive spread rate...
A computer program, SAW3DG, was developed to optimize log breakdown
using 3-dimensional log and internal defect shapes. The program was based on
SAW3D, a log breakdown optimization program considering only 3-dimensional log
shape. SAW3D was modified to include internal log defects in 3-dimensional
representation and integrated with SLGRADER, an expert...
Combustion properties of kraft black liquor solids were studied using a laminar entrained flow reactor. The tendency of black liquors to release fume (compounds containing Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, SO₃²⁻, S₂0₃²⁻ and C0₃²⁻) during combustion were observed at 1000°C. Black liquor solids with a size fraction of 63 to 100...
For many resource-based communities throughout Oregon the timber
industry plays an important role. In many of these areas, federal
land holdings comprise a large proportion of the area's land holdings.
Management decisions regarding resource use on the National Forest
lands can have a major influence on the stability of local...
A log breakdown model, SAW3D, was developed to
optimize lumber recovery from logs of any shape in 3-
dimensional space. The program uses a polygonal cross
section representation of logs; three nested dynamic
programming (DP) algorithms to optimize log breakdown,
flitch and cant edging, and trimming operations; and a
simple...
Effective watershed restoration planning and prioritization is often very difficult because decision making typically involves a large number of alternatives evaluated on the basis of multiple and often conflicting technical, social, economic, and environmental objectives and criteria. In order to solve such complex decision making problems, multiobjective decision making (MODM)...
Problems with aluminosilicate scales in pulp and paper recycle streams create an
interest in the formation mechanism and the chemical equilibrium of aluminosilicates.
Evaluating solubility data from a system containing Na⁺ CI⁻, and OH⁻ ions as well
as aluminium and silicon compounds, allowed to elucidate the characteristics of the
aluminosilicate...
As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on...
Black liquor gasification is one of the promising alternatives to
eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional recovery unit of the
kraft process. A numerical model has been developed to simulate an
industrial pilot scale entrained-flow gasifier currently operating at
Tampere, Finland. The objective of the model is to investigate the...
Development of a novel, useful, orally administered dosage form
providing controlled, sustained release of an active ingredient was desired.
Film layers of Aquacoat and Eudragit L-30D (commercially available
coating materials) were applied to acetaminophen cores. Amount of coating
material, number of polymer layers, and order of application were varied.
In...
Four different treatments of acetaminophen were administered to
eight healthy volunteers in multiple doses (five doses). Saliva
acetaminophen concentration-time profiles were determined. Non-compartmental
pharmacokinetic parameters for the first and last dose
were calculated and compared to determine whether acetaminophen
exhibited linear or dose dependent pharmacokinetics. Dose corrected
area under the...
Product formulation and in vitro dissolution characteristics of sustained-release chewable tablet dosage
forms are presented in chapter one of this thesis. In vivo
single dose and multiple dose studies of two
sustained-release formulations as well as one conventional
dyphylline formulation are described in chapter two. The
pharmacokinetics of dyphylline following...
Non-destructive commercial ultrasonic grading provides laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufacturers a means for sorting veneer based on average ultrasonic propagation time (UPT) and/or average dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd). While this may provide reliable estimations of modulus of elasticity (MOE), little is known about the influence of veneer defects on...
The influence of irregular terrain on the evolution of the daytime
planetary boundary layer (PBL) and meso-β scale dry circulations is
studied using two three-dimensional hydrostatic σ-coordinate models
with different approaches for the PBL parameterizations; the 4-layer
model uses the mixed-layer (bulk-layer) approach, while the 7-layer
model adopts the eddy-diffusivity...
Product quality control is the back bone for an efficient process control system. By monitoring the size of the board cut in a sawmill, performance of the production system can be controlled. Feedback from the quality control system is used to evaluate the status of the production system and also...
In recent years, the forest products industry has been
forced to cope with a supply of raw material that is
declining in both quality and quantity. In addition, log
prices are escalating rapidly. Because log costs may
represent as much as 90 percent of the overall production
costs of lumber...
Effects of gastrointestinal transit on plasma concentrations of drugs from enteric-coated pellet formulations were demonstrated using pharmacokinetic models describing plasma concentrations of drugs from various enteric-coated pellet formulations. Gastric emptying time, lag time of emptying, and drug release rate from pellets in the small intestine, along with other pharmacokinetic parameters...
Pharmacokinetic parameters for theophylline and
dyphylline were evaluated in horse cerebrospinal fluid
(csf) and plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters did not
differ significantly (p > 0.05) at the same dose for
either drug when administered alone or concomitantly.
Theophylline and dyphylline penetrate horse csf to
produce approximately 1/2 the concentrations found in...
This dissertation describes formulation of a gastric retention device (GRD) and sustained release (SR) hydrochlorothiazide beads at Oregon State University. Formulation condition and amounts of excipients had significant influence on characteristic of the GRD. The GRD containing SR hydrochlorothiazide beads was employed to assess bioavailability/bioequivalency study in healthy subjects. An...
Dyphylline is an analogue of theophylline and the
latter is the most popular member of the methyixanthine
family in use for the treatment of asthma. Although
dyphylline is devoid of some problems associated with
theophylline, a reported short half-life for dyphylline
(2.1 hours) has made its clinical usefulness limited. In...
Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and N-7 substituted
theophylline in rabbits when administered alone and in
various combinations were investigated. This thesis has
four chapters dealing with etophylline and theophylline;
proxyphylline and theophylline; dyphylline and theophylline;
and etophylline, proxyphylline and dyphylline pharmacokinetics
when administered concomitantly. All chapters
are interrelated. Each chapter has...
Lactobacilli have been used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries because of their nutritious and/or
therapeutic effects. Lactobacillus acidophilus and
Lactobacillus bulqaricus were isolated from a commercially
available product and studied for their growth and colony
characteristics as described in Chapter I and Chapter II.
Survival of these lactobacilli in...
The stability of 1 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
(NSC 409962)(BCNU) was investigated in several buffered
aqueous media, in mixed solvent and in nonaqueous solvent
systems, and in the presence of several electrolytes and
nonelectrolytes. The degradation rate constant of BCNU in
these systems was calculated from the parameters of the
linear regression of...
A nifedipine sustained release dosage form was prepared by using hot-melt batch
coating. Substrates are sugar beads, mesh size 30-35. Stearic acid, Acid Triglyceride, and
carnauba wax were coating agents used to make single layer coated beads and multiple
layer coated beads containing nifedipine. Dissolution of nifedipine from the beads...
This thesis describes a novel "Tablet-in-a-Bottle" oral suspension formulation.
Ingredients with unstable physical or chemical characteristics can be placed in a core tablet, and then dry compression coated with an outer layer which provides separation from other components. The new suspension formulation comprises fast disintegrating clavulanic acid (KCA) tablets with...
A survey of the pulping literature indicated
that although the kinetics of the Kraft Pulping
process has been studied in detail , very few studies
have been reported for Alkaline Sulfite /
Anthraquinone (ASAQ) pulping process. There is no
existing rate model for this pulping process. Hence,
the objectives of...
Fume, sub-micron aerosal particles in the combustion gases, have been identified
as a cause of extensive plugging and fouling in the heat transfer section of a kraft
recovery boiler in kraft pulp mills. After the deposition on the heat transfer surface,
fume deposits will undergo the sintering process which causes...
Allowable stresses in compression perpendicular to the grain (C-perp) have been too conservative for most structural uses. This study develops stress data for deformations beyond the proportional limit (PL), up to 0.1 inch for hem-fir. Fifteen boards from four western states were cut into small specimens representing three ring angle...
The majority of households in the U.S., Great Britain, and Australia feed wild birds, and 53 million people in the U.S. spent more than $5 billion on bird food and feeding accessories in 2016. Given the massive scale over which it occurs, purposeful feeding of wild birds has the potential...
This dissertation is comprised of four distinct formulation sections, which are described below: A novel solid dosage formulation was investigated for achieving zero-order drug release profile by combining tablet shape design and tablet membrane film coating. Verapmail (model drug) was compressed into hydrophilic matrix tablet cores of flat-faced and bi-convex...
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami raised concern among marine park managers and
hazard mitigation professionals about the significant impact of major coastal hazards
on marine park natural resources and ecosystems. The main reason for this concern is
the strong linkage of marine parks and their rich assortment of ecosystem services...
Dyphylline has been shown to be rapidly and completely
absorbed from oral tablets in an absolute bioavailability
study. In a pilot study two healthy male subjects received
1000 mg of dyphylline via intravenous infuson at a rate of
50 mg/min (1.0 ml/min) for 20 minutes. Plasma samples were
collected for...
The relative bioavailability and pharmacodynamics
of tolbutamide from two different commercially available
tablet products has been evaluated in healthy subjects
in a single dose cross over study. Products were aged
by exposing tablets to 98% relative humidity for 3 days
at ambient temperature which was found to differentially
affect both...