Published May 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
We study a class M of cyclically presented groups that includes both finite and infinite groups and is defined by a certain combinatorial condition on the defining relations. This class includes many finite metacyclic generalized Fibonacci groups that have been previously identified in the literature. By analyzing their shift extensions...
We study a class of two-generator two-relator groups, denoted J[subscript n](m, k), that arise in the study of relative asphericity as groups satisfying a transitional curvature condition. Particular instances of these groups occur in the literature as finite groups of intriguing orders. Here we find infinite families of non-elementary virtually...
This research examines the independent and combined effects of drainage and imbibition flowrate on nonwetting phase capillary trapping in a two-phase, porous medium system. A uniform system of cubic arrangement and non-uniform systems of both cubic and rhombohedral arrangements were examined in order to analyze and compare the nonwetting phase...
Environmental education programs seek to foster an appreciation for the natural world while introducing students to scientific thinking. Citizen science engages non-scientists in the systematic collection and analysis of data. The Betts Forest Landscape Ecology Lab combines both goals by inviting teachers in Corvallis, Oregon, and surrounding areas to participate...
A group defined by a finite presentation with cyclic symmetry admits a shift automorphism that is periodic and word-length preserving. It is shown that if the presentation is combinatorially aspherical and orientable, in the sense that no relator is a cyclic permutation of the inverse of any of its shifts,...
From the earliest English colonization to the present day, there
has been interest in astronomy in this country. The purpose of this
thesis is to show how the science of astronomy developed in America
from the earliest observations by educated colonists using imported
instruments and publishing in European journals, to...
Ecologists have studied the responses of pelagic ecosystems
to varying levels of nutrient loading and fish predation on many
different scales ranging from small experimental enclosures to
whole lake systems. There are recurring patterns of response to
these two variables, which are generally predictable on the basis
of biogeographic, behavioral,...
The most abundant clone found in ribosomal RNA clone libraries obtained from the world's oceans belongs to the SAR11 phylogenetic group of environmental marine bacteria. Imaging and counting SAR11 bacterial cells in situ has been an important research objective for the past decade. This objective has been especially challenging due...
The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation have begun a program aimed at increasing tribal participation in the farming of Reservation lands. This program is viewed by tribal leaders as a means to regain control of Reservation lands for Indians. The purpose of this study was to identify and...
Concern over the need to provide open space in communities
for recreation and other uses and to estimate the public values
involved is apparent to regional planners. This need, particularly
evident in natural resource planning, indicates that more sophisticated
analytical techniques be developed.
The primary thrust of this study is...
An understanding of the dynamics of individual tree and stand
growth, development, and structural patterns during the immature
formative years of a commercial species is essential to determine
correct thinning practices necessary to attain desired objectives.
This study compared a natural, medium-site Douglas-fir stand
and an adjacent similar stand released...
The objective of this project is the production of a Tillamook
Bay restoration plan which is designed to revitalize the bay's
biological productivity and thereby stimulate economic
opportunity in the region. A selected planning team will assess
the cumulative impacts on the bay from accelerated sedimentation.
The team will develop...
A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For...
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WILLIAM DEACY, WILLIAM LEACOCK, JONATHAN B. ARMSTRONG, AND JACK A. STANFORD.
2016. Kodiak brown bears
A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For...
Full Text:
WILLIAM DEACY, WILLIAM LEACOCK, JONATHAN B. ARMSTRONG, AND JACK A. STANFORD.
2016. Kodiak brown bears
A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For...
Full Text:
WILLIAM DEACY, WILLIAM LEACOCK, JONATHAN B. ARMSTRONG, AND JACK A. STANFORD.
2016. Kodiak brown bears
A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For...
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collared individuals
William Deacy,1,4 William leacock,2 Jonathan B. armstrong,3 anD Jack a. stanforD1
A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For...
A time history of the calibration coefficients for channels 1 and 2 of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-12 and NOAA-15 spacecraft is presented. The history is based on reflectances observed for the interior zones of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets previously obtained with the...
Visible and near infrared reflectances from NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daytime passes are used to derive optical depths at 0.55 μm, an index of aerosol type, continental or marine, and the direct effect of the aerosol on the top of the atmosphere and surface solar radiative fluxes...
The amount and type of carbon (C) in a forest soil reflects the past balance between C accumulation and loss. In an old-growth forest soil, C is thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between accumulations and losses. Disturbance upsets this equilibrium by altering the microclimate, the amount and type of...
Sixteen species of oceanic shrimps, seven Penaeidea and nine Caridea, appeared in 244 collections made within the upper 1500 m at one station in the northeast Pacific off Oregon. Most of the species were primarily mesopelagic in distribution. The most abundant species, Sergestes similis, was the only shrimp common in...
Gamma-emitting radionuclides were found in benthic fishes from
depths of 50-280O m off the Oregon coast from 1964-1971. 65Zn, 60Co,
54Mn, 144Ce, 137Cs and 40K were present. Zinc-65, originating mainly
from the nuclear reactors on the Columbia River, was the predominant
artifically-induced radionuclide. Levels of 6Zn per g and specific...
Published March 1952. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1954. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data were collected over the northeast Atlantic for May–August 1995–1999. Aerosol optical depth at 0.55 μm was retrieved in pixels identified as being cloud-free ocean. In pixels identified as containing clouds from single-layered, low-level cloud systems over oceans, the following cloud properties were...
Retrievals of cloud properties from satellite imagery often invoke the assumption that the fields of view are overcast when cloud-contaminated, even though a significant fraction are only partially cloud-covered. The overcast assumption leads to biases in the retrieved cloud properties: cloud amounts and droplet effective radii are typically overestimated, while...
Empirical estimates of the aerosol indirect radiative forcing often rely on threshold cloud retrievals applied to multispectral satellite imagery data. In such retrievals, pixels having radiances that surpass prescribed thresholds are assumed to be overcast even if they are only partially cloud covered. This assumption leads to cloud visible optical...
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data collected over the northeastern Atlantic off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula for May to August 1995 were used to investigate the feasibility of empirically deriving estimates of the aerosol indirect radiative forcing. A retrieval scheme was used to derive cloud visible...
No hydrologic study has previously been made of the South Slough Estuary drainage basin. Yet, since freshwater runoff is paramount to an estuary, it would seem that such a study is vital to the proper understanding -- and hence management -- of the estuary. Therefore, a brief hydrologic analysis of...
The impact of mesoscale eddies on the spatial distribution of zooplankton biomass was analysed using data from the Arabian Sea and the Black Sea. The highest values of spatial variance of zooplankton biomass in the upper 100 to 150 m were found in regions with maximum available potential energy of...
If the success of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is measured by the number of endangered species that have been recovered and delisted, then the act is not very successful. Only 15 species have been delisted because of recovery in the history of the ESA. The Borax Lake chub (Gila...
Fire performs many beneficial ecosystem functions in dry forests and rangelands across much
of North America. In the last century, however, the role of fire has been dramatically altered by numerous
anthropogenic factors acting as root causes of the current fire crisis, including widespread logging, road
building, fire suppression, habitat...
Published October 1965. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
............................................................................................................. 45
AUTHORS: G. E. Daterman, formerly a research assistant at Oregon State
University, is now with
Condensed water content (CWC) measured using a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) with a Lyman-α hygrometer downstream is compared with that measured by other airborne instruments (a hot-wire probe, a PMS FSSP, and a PMS 2D-C). Results indicate that the CVI system provides a reliable measurement of CWC in both liquid-...
Ship tracks appearing in both the morning and afternoon Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery for the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of the United States were used to study the morning-to-afternoon evolution of marine stratus polluted by underlying ships and nearby uncontaminated stratus. Analyzed 925-hPa winds were used...
The microwave backscatter properties of surf zone waves are analyzed using field observations.
By utilizing a preexisting, independent, water surface discrimination technique, the microwave returns were
extracted along individual waveforms and the data from shoaling (steepening) waves, surf zone breaking
waves, and remnant foam were separated and quantified. In addition,...
Non-radial measure of technical efficiency of fish farms in Oyo State was examined using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Use of the non-radial measures to calculate overuse of inputs by inefficient fish farmers was demonstrated and the potential for reducing inputs used by improving efficiency was evaluated. Ordinary Least Square (OLS)...
Reference genes are essential for studying mRNA expression with quantitative PCR (qPCR). We investigated 11 potential neutrophil reference genes (RPL19, GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, HPRT, G6PD, TFRC, PGK1, YWHAZ, SDHA and GYPC) for sheep under disease conditions of foot rot (FR) and with or without Se supplementation. Initial screening was based...
Satellite imagery of chlorophyll a concentration (chl a) provides the only holistic perspective
of productivity in marine ecosystems worldwide, yet its utility for understanding and
predicting the distribution of upper trophic-level predators remains equivocal. We tested the
hypothesis that remotely sensed chl a measurements spanning a decade can predict marine...
Published January 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Many investigations using satellite data have determined that aerosol optical depth and cloud cover are correlated and some have interpreted the correlation as evidence of an aerosol indirect effect on clouds. This study uses in situ aircraft observations taken during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), February–March 1999, and mostly over...
Observations of sunlight reflected from regions of sun glint are used to check the relative calibration of spectral radiances obtained with imaging radiometers. Reflectances at different wavelengths for sun-glint regions are linearly related. Provided that the atmosphere is reasonably transparent at the wavelengths, the aerosol burden is reasonably light, 0.64-μm...
During the summer of 1994, 1996, and 1997, we conducted hydrographic and plankton surveys of the upper 70 m in the nearshore, the continental shelf, and off shelf oceanic waters off Oregon, USA. Copepod densities and biomass were estimated along 4 transects from each cruise. The on shelf copepod biomass...
The Moult Rate (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method is wrong and, consequently, large errors in juvenile growth rate estimates are widespread. The equation derives growth from the mean...
When a stably stratified density interface is embedded in a region of strong velocity
shear, hydrodynamic instabilities result. Here we generalize the stratified shear layer
to allow an offset between the centre of the shear layer and the density interface. By
including this asymmetry, and keeping the density interface thin...
Many Gram-negative bacteria use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to establish associations with their hosts. The T3SS is a conduit for direct injection of type-III effector proteins into host cells, where they manipulate the host for the benefit of the infecting bacterium. For plant-associated pathogens, the variations in number...
We report new major element, trace element, isotope ratio, and geochronological data on the Galapagos
Archipelago. Magmas erupted from the large western volcanos are generally moderately fractionated tholeiites of
uniform composition; those erupted on other islands are compositionally diverse, ranging from tholeiites to picritic
basanitoids. While these volcanoes do not...
Many cranberry growers on the Oregon coast are well aware that good pollination is necessary for quality fruit set. Multiple
visits to the flower deliver more pollen, which can increase the percentage fruit set, number of seeds per berry, and mature
berry weight. The better a bee is at delivering...
The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that diel variations occur in the catches of albacore by boats trolling surface jigs off Oregon. Although albacore fishermen talk of "morning bites" and "evening bites," no published data exist, to our knowledge, confirming these trends.
Studies on the feeding...
Workable log grading systems are needed as aids to marketing timber and other phases of forest management. How can on system be evaluated and compared with other systems. The question of comparisons arose soon after the Western Pine Section of the Forest Service's National Log Grade Project was established in...
Published January 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1962. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A scheme is presented for retrieving aerosol properties for ocean regions from reflected sunlight at both the visible and near infrared wavelengths measured by the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). For the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), aerosols were presumed to be a mixture of a continental haze that...
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
Full Text:
. Carter,*1,2 N. L. Williams,3 A. R. Gray,4 R. A. Feely2
1Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere
We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques....
Synchronous and colocated optical and microwave
signals from waves in the surf zone are presented and analyzed.
The field data were collected using a high-resolution video system
and a calibrated horizontally polarized marine radar during the
decaying phase of a storm. The resulting changes in the received
signals from varying...
NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located ~100 km north of Guam.
Underwater explosive eruptions driven by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued
until at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations documented continuous but
variable eruptive activity at...
NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located ~100 km north of Guam.
Underwater explosive eruptions driven by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued
until at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations documented continuous but
variable eruptive activity at...
Full Text:
,
NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc
Chadwick Jr., W. W., Merle, S. G., Buck, N. J., Lavelle, J. W., Resing, J. A
NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located ~100 km north of Guam.
Underwater explosive eruptions driven by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued
until at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations documented continuous but
variable eruptive activity at...
Steer calves were fed individually twice daily on rations containing barley, protein supplement, and alfalfa pellets. There was no daily gain advantage in feeding concentrates at more than approximately 2% of body weight daily. Feed conversion and cost of gain slightly favored those lots which received larger amounts of steam-rolled...
Published September 1957. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1935. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1940. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1934. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Context: Static stretching is commonly used during the treatment and rehabilitation of orthopedic injuries to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle flexibility. Understanding the physiological adaptations that occur in the neuromuscular system as a result of long-term stretching may provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for changes in...
We present the results of a study of optical scattering and backscattering of particulates for three coastal sites that represent a wide range of optical properties that are found in U.S. near-shore waters. The 6000 scattering and backscattering spectra collected for this study can be well approximated by a power-law...
Upwelling in eastern boundary current systems is a primary driver of ecosystem productivity. Typically, peak upwelling occurs during spring and summer, but winter upwelling may also be important to ecosystem functions. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that winter and spring/summer upwelling, operating through indirect trophic interactions, are important...
Published June 1959. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource managers at the state, federal, and tribal levels make decisions on a weekly to quarterly basis, and fishers operate on a similar timeframe. To determine the potential of a support tool for these efforts, a seasonal forecast system is experimented with here. JISAO’s Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the...
Full Text:
, WILLIAM T. PETERSON
(bill.peterson@noaa.gov)5, SIMONE R. ALIN (simone.r.alin@noaa.gov)6, RICHARD
A
Resource managers at the state, federal, and tribal levels make decisions on a weekly to quarterly basis, and fishers operate on a similar timeframe. To determine the potential of a support tool for these efforts, a seasonal forecast system is experimented with here. JISAO’s Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the...
Full Text:
. Bond1,3, Jan A. Newton4, Gregory D. Williams5, William T. Peterson6,
Simone R. Alin3 & Richard A. Feely3
Resource managers at the state, federal, and tribal levels make decisions on a weekly to quarterly basis, and fishers operate on a similar timeframe. To determine the potential of a support tool for these efforts, a seasonal forecast system is experimented with here. JISAO’s Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the...
In Nigeria, women play major roles of at least 75% in the fisheries and aquaculture value- chains from production, processing, storage, marketing and trade. Unlike the men, women have not received commensurate levels of attention and empowerment largely because their roles are perceived as ‘invisible’, poorly evaluated and undocumented without...
Ocean conditions can greatly impact lower trophic level prey assemblages in marine ecosystems, with effects of ocean state propagating to higher trophic levels. In many regions throughout their range, common murre (Uria aalge) exhibit narrow dietary breadth in feeding chicks and therefore are vulnerable to recruitment failures of dominant prey...
Two diametric paradigms have been proposed to model the molecular co-evolution of microbial mutualists and their eukaryotic hosts. In one, mutualist and host exhibit an antagonistic arms race and each partner evolves rapidly to maximize their own fitness from the interaction at potential expense of the other. In the opposing...
Published September 1957. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This dataset accompanies the manuscript Unintended consequences of selective water withdrawals from reservoirs alter downstream macroinvertebrate communities in Water Resources Research.
Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from samples taken annually during the first two weeks of August from 2002-2007 and again in 2017 at six sites in the South Fork McKenzie...
Reading through this issue of Oceanography, it will become
apparent that researchers in different disciplines see their
seamounts in quite different ways. The term seamount has been
defined many times (e.g., Menard, 1964; Wessel, 2001; Schmidt and
Schmincke, 2000; Pitcher et al., 2007; International Hydrographic
Organization, 2008; Wessel et al.,...
Ligand activation of the aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) has profound effects upon the immunological status of the gastrointestinal tract, establishing and maintaining signaling networks, which facilitate host-microbe homeostasis at the mucosal interface. However, the identity of the ligand(s) responsible for such AHR-mediated activation within the gut remains to be firmly established....
Full Text:
microbiota-derived indoles’
Troy D. Hubbard, Iain A. Murray, William H. Bisson, Tejas S. Lahoti, Krishne
Ligand activation of the aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) has profound effects upon the immunological status of the gastrointestinal tract, establishing and maintaining signaling networks, which facilitate host-microbe homeostasis at the mucosal interface. However, the identity of the ligand(s) responsible for such AHR-mediated activation within the gut remains to be firmly established....
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receptor to sense
microbiota-derived indoles
Troy D. Hubbard1,2, Iain A. Murray2, William H. Bisson3
Research on regulatory mechanisms in biological populations often focuses on environmental covariates. An integrated
approach that combines environmental indices with organismal-level information can provide additional insight on
regulatory mechanisms. Survival of spring/summer Snake River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is consistently
low whereas some adjacent populations with similar life histories experience...
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significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). ND
indicates sample size was too small to calculate a mean
Research on regulatory mechanisms in biological populations often focuses on environmental covariates. An integrated
approach that combines environmental indices with organismal-level information can provide additional insight on
regulatory mechanisms. Survival of spring/summer Snake River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is consistently
low whereas some adjacent populations with similar life histories experience...
Full Text:
Survival of a Threatened Salmon
Population
Jessica A. Miller1*, David J. Teel2, William T. Peterson3
An Oregon resident returned from a photography trip to Ethiopia with a male Hyalomma truncatum tick attached to the skin on his lower back. The tick was identified morphologically and deposited in the U.S. National Tick Collection housed at Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia. The public health importance of Hyalomma...
Microbial communities are responsible for the bulk of biogeochemical processing in temporary headwater streams, yet there is still relatively little known about how community structure and function respond to periodic drying. Moreover, the ability to sample temporary habitats can be a logistical challenge due to the limited capability to measure...