The Oregon strain of the agent of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) was isolated from fingerling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by J. L. Fryer in 1958. Before the study reported herein no other virus had been recovered from any fish population in Oregon. Therefore, in July, 1971 a survey was initiated...
The historical function of fire in sagebrush steppe has been altered by 19th century overgrazing, active fire suppression, annual grass invasion and encroachment of woody species. The significance of fire to these systems is known, but research on long-term fire effects are limited. The Sheep Rock management unit of the...
The sagebrush steppe ecosystem of the Columbia Plateau has become degraded by a long history of alternative land use and associated perturbations. Protection of remnant stands of intact sagebrush steppe currently relies upon their preservation within the nation's network of parks and protected-areas. The John Day Fossil Beds National Monument,...
The effectiveness of tangential flow filtration (TFF) for
recovery of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from large volumes of
water was evaluated. In laboratory studies, virus recovery from
IHNV-seeded water following concentration by TFF was approximately
13%. However, addition of 0.1 and 1% FBS...
An oral Vibrio vaccine for salmonids was developed.
The vaccine was produced by spray coating lyophilized
formalin-killed whole cells of Vibrio anguillarum (VA LS 1-
74) onto non-pareil sugar beads. Then methacrylic acrylic
acid copolymer (Eudragit L-30D) was applied as an enteric
protective coating.
Using x-ray radiographic techniques, it was...
A construction project is considered to be unique due to the process of delivering a customer-designed product, diverse stakeholders involved, the unique location and timeframe of construction, and specific social, economic, and environmental constraints attached to it. The uniqueness of construction projects brought great challenges to the construction industry professionals...
The virulence of selected isolants of infectious hematopoietic
necrosis virus (IHNV) were differentiated and correlated with
electrophoretic mobilities of virion structural proteins by sodium
dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A type 1
electropherotype of IHNV was more virulent for kokanee salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka) and a type 2 strain more virulent for...
While safety improvements have been made in the construction industry, construction still experiences one of the highest numbers of fatalities annually compared to other industries in the United States with over 970 fatalities in 2016 alone. This number of fatalities drives researchers and safety managers to improve safety measures and...
Since at least the 1970s, rural areas in the western United States, as elsewhere across the country and world, have been subject to social, economic, and political forces that have resulted in novel demographic and land tenure trends when compared to previous decades. Collectively, these processes of restructuring have created...
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John C. Bliss
Since at least the 1970s, rural areas in the western United States, as
The wood-based building products industry has experienced significant turbulence over the past several decades as a function of multiple forces including among others globalization, product and process innovation, and shifting customer and consumer interest and demands. Collectively, these changes have challenged the historical tenets which have defined industry strategy and...
Based on oral interviews with tribal informants, current and former state and federal fisheries personnel, review of records and literature, and presence/absence sampling, it is apparent that Pacific lamprey were once abundant in ceded area streams of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (John Day, Umatilla, Walla Walla, Tucannon, and Grande Ronde...
Fifty-seven species of wildlife rely on or frequently use snags for breeding, roosting, or denning in Oregon and Washington. Several publications offer information on use of snags by wildlife, influence of management activities on snags and snag users, and approaches to managing snags to benefit wildlife. Because of the diverse...
The Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (Oregon) was built between 1957 and 1964. As a result the anadromous steelhead trout was extirpated from the upper Deschutes Basin by 1968. The Deschutes Basin is a model for instream flow restoration projects in the Pacific Northwest that are largely driven by the...
Micro air vehicles (MAV's) and small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) are remotely piloted or autonomous aircraft with a take-off mass range between 50 g and few kilograms. These vehicles, as well as natural fliers such as bats and insects, utilize a variety of elastic wing structures including thin membranes. Over...
MIKE SHE is a fully distributed, physically-based hydrologic model that can simulate water movement over and under the Earth's surface. Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the components of this model. MIKE SHE uses a modification of the Kristensen -Jensen (1975) method to calculate actual ET. This method is based on...
Published September 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reforesting harvested lands in southwestern Oregon has been
difficult because of low rainfall, high evaporative demand, and
competitive understory vegetation. Herbicides have been a preferred
method to control competing vegetation but herbicide use on federal
lands was curtailed in 1984. As a result, interest in livestock
grazing as a vegetation...
The concept of "adaptive governance" represents a spectrum of hybrid approaches to environmental governance employed to guide management of complex social-ecological systems under conditions of high uncertainty. While the concept of adaptive governance has benefited from over a decade of theoretical development, empirical examples of transitions towards adaptive governance are...
Aminal radical intermediates were generated by the method of radical translocation and reacted in C-C bond forming reactions with electronically deficient alkenes (Schiedler et al. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6092). Aminal radical intermediates can participate in inter- and intra-molecular reactions using both Bu3SnH and (TMS)₃SiH as hydride donors. Carbon–carbon bonds...
Organic compounds which contain one or more nitrogen atoms are especially important as they are disproportionately represented among biologically active molecules. As a result, significant effort has been focused on the development of methods for the synthesis of nitrogenous molecules. We identified the aminal as an under-explored functional group. Despite...
We evaluated the impact of predation on juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and yearling and subyearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha by piscivorous waterbirds from 11 different breeding colonies in the Columbia River basin during 2012 and 2014. Fish were tagged with both acoustic tags and PIT tags and were tracked via...
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, Washington 98926, USA
John Skalski
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1324
This report, required by state law under HB3543, provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of science of climate change as it pertains to Oregon, covering the physical, biological, and social dimensions. The first chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge of physical changes in climate and hydrology, focusing on...
The dynamic Quaternary geology of the Pacific Ring of Fire created substantial challenges for biogeography. Fish life history and population genetic variation were shaped by climate change, repeated formation and subsidence of ice sheets, sea-level change, volcanism and tectonics, isostatic rebound, and now human activities. It is widely recognized in...
To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts.
We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research questions directed toward informing some of the most important current
and future decisions about management of species, communities, and...
Oncorhynchus mykiss form partially migratory populations with anadromous fish that undergo marine migrations and residents that complete their life cycle in fresh water. Many populations’ anadromous components are threatened or endangered, prompting interest in understanding ecological and evolutionary processes underlying anadromy and residency. In this paper, we synthesize information to...
This compilation of theses and dissertations (a part of the OSU Bibliographic Series) for the period 1970-1977 reflects this university's emphasis on research and graduate study. It may be viewed as an indicator of the contributions made to the state of Oregon through graduate study and research at Oregon State...
The occurrence and distribution of fish viruses in Oregon were
determined by the examination of anadromous and fresh water salmonids.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated and
identified from asymptomatic adult coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and
chinook (0. tshawytscha) salmon returning to the Columbia River
system. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus...
Recent scientific studies show that framing climate change as a health issue rather than an environmental issue were more persuasive with American audience members (Maibach et. al., 2010; Maibach et. al. 2014). Also in 2014, a survey on respiratory healthcare providers and found that a large percentage believed that climate...
Food sovereignty is increasingly being conceptualized as a human rights issue. This is evidenced in the growth of local actors, communities, and nation-states that are working towards a food sovereignty agenda. Indicators of food sovereignty center on people having the right and ability to define their food polices. One of...
The distribution in Oregon of two viruses affecting salmonid
fishes was determined by examination of hatchery and feral fish.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated from fish
at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Laboratory,
Corvallis, Roaring River, Fort Klamath, and Wizard Falls Hatcheries.
Fish collected at...
Experiments were designed to determine whether and how steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss affect chinook salmon O. tshawytscha when the two species are confined together. In a behavioral experiment, we observed groups of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead together and groups of chinook salmon alone to determine whether the steelhead were aggressive...
Introduction Over the past century, great technological advances have enabled high-speed communication and transportation across the globe. This technology trend combined with the needs of continuous expansion of market place has motivated major corporations not to restrict their business activities to within a single principality. Engineering design activities can take...
The taxonomic placement of Gadopsidae is discussed and an evaluation of its osteological relationships with related families is given. Similarities to the more primitive genera of the trachinoids, notothenioids, and uranoscopoids are noted and the inclusion of Gadopsidae in the Trachinoidae is recommended. A description of the geological history of...
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout
(Salmo gairdneri) of different stocks and three transferrin genotypes
(AA, AC, and CC), all reared in identical or similar environments, were
experimentally infected with the causative agent of bacterial kidney
disease (BKD) or Vibrio anguillarum. Mortality due to the pathogens
was compared...
Climate change is occurring at an increasingly rapid rate, with impacts heightened in the cold regions of the world including the Arctic. Warming effects are widespread, with one impacted process – freeze-thaw cycles – increasing in frequency and potentially triggering additional changes in permafrost soils that have previously acted as...
In the past decade, scholars have increasingly turned to quantitative analysis to understand the complex interplay of factors driving intrastate conflict. International agencies, nonprofits and governments have maintained that food insecurity is a significant driver of violent conflict. This paper tests this popular assumption with a model drawn from Azar’s...
urinary eicosanoids, urinary 15F[subscript2t]-isoprostane (lipid peroxidation marker) and hematological/biochemical changes in plasma. Fifteen adult dogs had blood and urine samples obtained prior to, immediately and 4-hours following an agility exercise.
Results: Hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and hemoglobin increased following exercise, with greatest increases correlating to increased skill group...
Graphical methods for displaying uncertainty are often the most concise and informative way to communicate abstract concepts. Presentation methods currently in use for the display and interpretation of scientific uncertainty are reviewed. Numerous subjective and objective uncertainty display methods are presented, including qualitative assessments, node and arrow diagrams, standard statistical...
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; Neumann et al. 2007b; McMichael
and Hope 2007; Vandenberghe et al. 2007; Monni et al. 2007). Model
The Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) convened regional leaders in hatchery management and salmon recovery on June 19-21, 2000 for a scientific workshop on Conservation Hatcheries and Supplementation Strategies for the Recovery of Wild Stocks of Salmonids. The purpose was to provide better information (a) to help the IMST with...
The High Plains Aquifer, a natural resource critical to the United States economic, energy and food security, faces significant sustainability challenges in the coming years. This case study aims to identify the main causes and consequences of unsustainable use of the High Plains Aquifer. The agriculture industry plays the largest...
By means of a case study and historical analysis, this dissertation examines the past and present of avian influenza. By integrating disconnected histories of human and animal influenza, this dissertation links historical insights with the concerns of contemporary avian flu science. It is not only a natural history of avian...
The two segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) were cloned
into plasmid vector pUC8. Two distinct sets of overlapping
clones were identified by restriction enzyme and Southern
blot analysis. Each of these sets was shown, by Northern
blot analysis, to be exclusively related to either...
Assessing uncertainties in hydrologic models can improve accuracy in predicting future streamflow. Here,
simulated streamflows using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at coarse (1/16°) and fine (1/120°)
spatial resolutions were evaluated against observed streamflows from 217 watersheds. In particular, the adequacy
of VIC simulations in groundwater- versus runoff-dominated watersheds...
The pulmonary function scores of 250 male cigarette smokers
were compared with 406 lifetime nonsmokers. A Stead-Wells spirometer
was used to obtain forced vital capacity, forced expiratory
flow, forced mid-expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume. All
individuals included in the sample were between. the ages of 20 and
49 years....
Six salmonid cell lines previously established in this laboratory,
CHSE 114 and CHSE 214 (chinook salmon), CSE 119 (coho salmon),
SSE 5 (sockeye salmon), STE 137 (steelhead trout) and RTH 149 (rainbow
trout), were partially characterized. Mycoplasmas were not
detected in any of the cell lines.
All cell lines exhibited...
Although the human health and social benefits from outdoor recreation are numerous, there is mounting evidence that outdoor recreation can negatively impact wildlife. Shorebirds are known to be especially sensitive to recreation-related disturbance because they nest and forage directly on beaches that are often used for recreation. Many studies have...
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) are commonly used as indicators of an animal’s stress response in behavioral and eco-physiological studies. Stress in wild animals represents an immediate measure of the physiological response to changes in the environment, and, potentially, a prospective assessment of the animal’s health and well-being. In wild mammals,...
Published July 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Several systems were examined for the production and delivery of recombinant vaccines for fish. C. crescentus was employed to produce a fragment of the IHNV glycoprotein. When administered by injection to 0.5 gram rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), one of the fusion proteins (184 amino acids of the IHNV glycoprotein fused...
Previous work on the rose mosaic virus has produced uncertainty
concerning the identity and properties of this virus. This work was
undertaken to help establish the true identity of the virus and to determine
some of its properties.
A mechanically transmissible virus associated with rose mosaic
virus disease of Rosa...
Tidal marshlands in the upper estuary ecotone provide essential habitat for
juvenile salmonids. In this environment, salmonids grow rapidly and acclimate to
saltwater. Worldwide, tidal marshes have been diked and drained to provide
agricultural and residential land. Tide gates are one-way doors integrated into
dike systems that prevent saltwater flooding...
Despite evidence that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) utilize North Pacific estuaries for growth and salinity acclimation, research in the Columbia River estuary has lead to opposing hypotheses about the estuary’s importance as a salmon rearing environment. Many contemporary tagging studies indicate that salmon residency within the estuary is short...
Floating guidance structures are intended to promote safe in-stream passage for juvenile salmon migrating downstream through reservoirs. However, the ability of an engineered structure to guide fish to safe passage has been primarily tested either after large-scale implementation in existing reservoirs or in laboratory studies and computer simulations without live...
Retirement is one of the most important transitional events in later life. Despite a large body of research examining the impacts of retirement on health, questions still remain regarding the relationship between retirement timing and subsequent health and survival. Previous research examining the existence, direction, and magnitude of the relationship...
The problem of estimating the parameters of a forced discrete
linear dynamic model is considered. The system model is conceptualized
to include the value of the initial state as a parameter. The forces
driving the system are partitioned into accessible and inaccessible
inputs. Accessible inputs are those that are measured;...
West Nile Virus (WNV), a vector-borne disease continues to be a serious threat to public health in the United States, particularly in the Southwest region. While all the states in the U.S. experienced a decreasing trend of WNV disease in 2010, the state of Arizona experienced a sharp increase from...
This study involved the use of the two-choice preference test to determine the taste reactions of buck and doe Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to ascending concentrations of water extracts of Douglas fir, red alder, cascara, western hemlock and bitterbrush; to an ethanol extract of Douglas fir, and to...
New approaches are needed to quantify and understand spatial patterns of stream fishes and their environment. Concepts in riverine ecology emphasize the importance of thermal zones and gradual longitudinal changes in physical habitat and biota, but little is known about spatial variability within the river continuum. I present a conceptual...
This study examined features of deep pool (>0.8 m mean depth) used by
adult summer steelhead in Steamboat Creek (1991-1992). Steamboat Creek had
a heterogenous thermal profile, with some segments exceeding preferred
temperature of steelhead. Deep pools were scarce (4% of the total habitat units)
and 39% of them were...
Thesis summarizes interviews with growers residing within the Groundwater Management Area (GWMA) in the Southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. Informal and semi-structured interviews were used to identify perceived impediments and incentives perceived by local farmers in following best management practices related to water quality. Results from the interviews were coded...
Artificial propagation has been a prominent part of the management of salmonids in Oregon since the late 1800s, and will continue to have an important role to play in the recovery of wild stocks of anadromous salmonids in Oregon. Hatcheries and reviews of hatchery programs have been controversial and are...
The goal of this study was to advance methods for assessment of forest road hydrologic
response and sediment yield at a catchment scale. This research looked at the effect of
soil depth estimation on the Distributive Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM),
assessed the uncertainty and accuracy of hydrologic modeling of...
The appointment of interim community college presidents, the topic of this study, is a little understood phenomenon. A growing shortage of community college presidents coupled with a lack of replacements suggests the appointment of interims will continue well into the future. This study, with a purpose of looking at the...
The relationships between nitrogen (N), defoliation, and plant growth in
nursery plants were studied using almond {Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) trees. In
several experiments the effects of N source and availability on tree growth, N uptake,
N remobilization, and nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) were investigated to
determine the most...
Published January 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Marine heatwaves have become more common over the past several years. The 2014-2015 ‘warm blob’ had profound effects on marine ecosystems in the Northeast Pacific. Given the particular habitat needs of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) we wanted to examine the impacts of the heatwave on Chinook depth distribution. We examined...
Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were generated from the RNA genome
of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by using random DNA
oligomers to prime first strand synthesis. These clones were mapped to
their respective locations on the genome and used to determine the
nucleotide sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) gene and...
The glycoprotein, G, of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV,
was shown to be the viral protein which elicits and reacts with neutralizing
antibodies. The G protein also confers protective immunity on immunized
susceptible salmonid hosts to IHNV. The other three structural proteins of
IHNV, N, Ml, and M2, do not...
Taste responses of the Columbian black-tailed deer,
Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson), were determined
by use of the two-choice preference test method, where the choices
were tap water and tap water-chemical solutions in ascending
concentrations. The chemicals tested were: the sugars, glucose
and sucrose; the sodium salts of chloride (NaC1) and...
This paper examines the environmental factors influencing
the die-off and transport of fecal coliform bacteria
present in wastes applied to the land surface. These factors
are examined specifically for dairy waste management systems
and the net effect each system has on runoff water quality.
A model is developed that considers...
This report describes the isolation of a new virus from adult
chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) returning to the Tokushibetsu Hatchery,
Hokkaido, Japan. The agent was isolated in the CHSE-214 cell line
derived from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The virus
replicated in selected fish cell lines incubated between 10 and 20°C...
Aquatic ecosystems continue to be increasingly affected by climate warming. For salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of North America, increasing temperatures pose tighter thermal constraints on their habitat use as well as aspects of their individual performance, such as disease resistance. This thesis examines the effect of temperature on the...
Hatcheries whose purpose is to provide for a recreational fishery must minimize impacts on wild fishes. Management to reduce hatchery and wild interactions is especially important on river systems that contain Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed species. I examined adult hatchery summer steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, behavior, current management and a...
Published March 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Adaptive governance is an emergent form of environmental governance that is increasingly called upon by scholars and
practitioners to coordinate resource management regimes in the face of the complexity and uncertainty associated with rapid
environmental change. Although the term “adaptive governance” is not exclusively applied to the governance of social-ecological...
As the semiconductor industry works to integrate increasingly more "non-CMOS" devices onto CMOS ICs, compact model development has become an important step in the circuit/system verification tool flow. This research focuses on the two- and three-dimensional modeling of the physical phenomena that occur in nanoscale magnetic devices. This includes the...
Flexible aerodynamic surfaces have been shown to favorably influence flight characteristics at low Reynolds numbers by increasing lift, angle of attack at stall, and resistance to perturbation. The objective of the research presented within this thesis is to investigate the influence of two aspects of flight observed in biological flyers,...
Published March 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Students with disabilities are not being afforded the same access to sporting opportunities as their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this dissertation was to build on a foundation of information regarding collegiate adaptive sports through a Critical Disabilities Studies lens. Specific aims included: (1) identifying and describing intercollegiate, adaptive...
Identification of factors that affect water and sugar transport in strawberry could aid
in attempts to influence fruit size and quality. Apoplastic water potential (Ψaw) gradients
within the strawberry plant, that could influence water and assimilate transport, were
identified. Fruit expansion was very sensitive to water stress and occurred when...
This report examines environmental factors influencing the die-off and transport of fecal coliform bacteria present in wastes applied to the land surface. These factors are examined specifically for dairy waste management systems and the net effect each system has on runoff water quality. A model is developed that considers the...
Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body becomes tipped heavily in favor of the reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can be present in excess due to elevated O2 levels, radiation, infection, smoking, or even excessive exercise. It is also...
Increased water temperatures and thermal loading due to anthropogenic inputs has
been shown to negatively impact the lifecycles of aquatic organisms in riverine
systems (Poole and Berman 2001; Hannah, Malcolm et al. 2004; Quinn, Gagne et al.
2004). The studies enclosed in this thesis evaluate and quantify the heat fluxes...
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Santelmann for their encouragement and patience. I would
also like to give special thanks to Dr. John
The transcription process of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus of salmonid fish, was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Polyadenylated RNA from IHNV infected-salmon cells was resolved electrophoretically into five bands, one of which was found to contain two mRNA species. The molecular weights and intracellular molar...
Humans have drastically altered the physical habitat and food web structure of stream ecosystems. Two major impacts humans have had on Pacific Northwest streams are modification of streamside forests (as a result of agriculture, land development, and timber harvest), and declines in the return of wild anadromous salmon to headwater...
The antimutagenic potency of wheat grain and berry extracts was studied in vitro against several heterocyclic amines (HCAs) using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and the anticarcinogencity of wheat grain was studied in vivo using the rat colonic aberrant crypt focus assay. Wheat bran, which binds HCAs in vitro, as well...
Molecular biological approaches were used to study and interfere with the life
cycle of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). These included the control
of IHN disease in rainbow trout by genetic immunization or interference in vitro by
synthesis of sense and antisense expression of the viral nucleocapsid (N) gene, and...