Muchos padres quieren que sus niños tengan un sentimiento positivo de ellos mismos y que crean que pueden salir adelante. Los niños muchas veces evalúan su valor personal y juzgan sus habilidades basándose en las experiencias que han tenido en su hogar. Las familias pueden proveer numerosas oportunidades cada día...
Many parents want their children to have positive feelings about themselves and to believe they can succeed. Children often evaluate their selfworth and make judgments about their abilities based on experiences they have at home. Families can provide numerous
opportunities every day to develop children’s self-confidence.
All of us want to be special.
We all need to feel that we are unique and that we occupy a special place in the world. Most of all, we need to be noticed and respected by other people. Only in this way can we become secure and independent adults.
Children's early self-regulation skills have long-term implications for a variety of academic, social, and health outcomes. Unfortunately, children facing multiple family risk factors (e.g., harsh parenting, economic disadvantage) are more likely to struggle with early self-regulation. Despite early disparities in self-regulation, promising intervention evidence suggests that high quality prekindergarten experiences...
In recent years, self-regulation has emerged as a foundational skill for academic success and well-being. Unfortunately, many children enter kindergarten without the self-regulation skills necessary to succeed. Children from high-risk backgrounds (e.g., low-income) are particularly vulnerable for difficulties in self-regulation development. Given these documented gaps in self-regulation, it has become...
Increasing numbers of children are entering kindergarten without the behavioral skills needed to cope with the demands of the classroom environment. Moreover, a number of studies have documented that young children's behavioral regulation (including attention, working memory, and inhibitory control skills) plays an important role in later academic achievement (McClelland,...
Background: Early childhood is filled with incredible growth in all areas of development and offers a critical period for optimal learning (Lerner, 2002). During this critical period both motor skills (Bouffard, Watkinson, Thompson, Causgrove Dunn, & Romanow, 1996; Clark & Metcalfe, 2002; Lubans, Morgan, Cliff, Barnett, & Okely, 2010; Stodden...
High levels of self-esteem (the individual's
assessment of self-worth) have been associated with a
variety of positive child outcomes, while low levels of
self-esteem have been related to problems in child
growth and development. The purpose of this study was
to explore the relationship between specific child
temperament and parenting...
Divorce rates have increased in the past three decades. Much research has focused on the effects of divorce on children and adolescents' emotional adjustment. Measures of self-esteem are one way to determine emotional development. Less attention has been devoted to understanding the effect
divorce has on another very important developmental...
Behavioral self-regulation has emerged as an important predictor of academic success as early as preschool. Few studies, however, have examined ways to improve children's behavioral self-regulation in preschool, prior to formal school entry. This dissertation includes two studies examining a pilot intervention using classroom games to improve behavioral self-regulation with...
Self-regulation skills lay the foundation for short- and long-term school success, and strengthening these skills in early childhood can have significant implications for immediate and future life outcomes (e.g., Blair & Diamond, 2008; McClelland, Acock, Piccinin, Rhea, & Stallings, 2013). A large body of literature has investigated how characteristics of...
The regulation of behavior is a major issue in early childhood development, with important implications for children’s adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Emerging research suggests that the degree of successful self-regulation depends upon the efficiency of the child’s attentional system and that the ability to focus and sustain attention supports...
Bullying behavior has problematic psychosocial ramifications for the bully, victim, and bully/victims; these included issues with self-conceptions, perceived social support, and affect. Research has found that, if one can influence these psychosocial components, one may be able to reduce the potential for being victimized. The Bully Prevention Challenge Course Curriculum...
Although a significant amount of research has investigated the effect of sexualization on women's body esteem and cognitive performance, few researchers have examined the effect of sexualization on girls. Additionally, research that has been conducted regarding girls' experiences of sexualization has primarily focused on media influences. The effect of dolls...
For gender-related information, previous studies have shown that children of
preschool age are more likely to remember schema-consistent information
over schema-inconsistent information. In this study, an attempt was made to
boost children's recognition for inconsistent information. In order to do this,
children were presented with pictures of both gender-consistent and...
There is a known relationship between total physical activity (PA) and weight status in children; however, there is a paucity of data examining the prospective relationship between school day PA and obesity among rural elementary school children. A large number of cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that higher levels of PA...
The purpose of this study was the development of the Sex Role
Learning Index (SERLI), a picture choice instrument for assessing the
concepts of sex role discrimination, preference, and confirmation in
young children. The SERLI consists of 60 black-and-white line drawings
depicting common objects, child activities and adult activities
and...
This study examined the effects of stage of preoperational thought, sex and mode of exploration on preschoolers ability to represent a small-scale model configuration of objects. Forty-eight subjects between the ages of 2 years, 5 months and 5 years, 4 months were classed in spatial conceptualization as either Stage I...
The purpose of this research was to investigate the
effectiveness of using an early childhood language intervention
program with children who had been determined to be
language delayed at the ages of 3, 4 and 5 and to determine
how the early childhood langauge intervention program was
associated with changes...
This was an experimental study which compared two different
instructional methods, oral lesson closure versus
written lesson closure, on the achievement of 156 junior
high school students in social studies. This study was
composed of two duplicate experiments. Experiment I was
conducted with 71 seventh grade social studies students at...
This study was designed to investigate whether the conservation of substance, weight, continuous quantity, discontinuous quantity, number, area, distance, length, and two-dimensional space are developed in sequence in the acquisition of conservation operations. More specifically, the purposes of the study are two-fold: (1) To assess the sequence and rate of...
Grief includes many feelings, some of the most common being disbelief, numbness, guilt, anger, and intense sadness. Parents may not have the answers or may not even have comforting words to offer a grieving
child. However, they can be willing to listen and to answer questions honestly even when the...
The world can be a scary place for young children. Things that seem perfectly safe to us look dangerous and harmful to a small child. These fears may seem ridiculous to us, but they are dreadfully real to the child. Try to see the world through a child’s eyes and...
The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight has grown significantly in France in the past twenty years. Obesity is associated with many diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and depression. These diseases once confined to adults are increasingly being observed in children. Thus there are...
This study investigated the impact of prosocial classroom and
home learning programs on children's prosocial behavior. More
specifically, it determined the influences of adult modeling and
encouragement in these programs on children's cooperating, sharing,
and helping behaviors immediately following the six-week intervention
programs, and six weeks after the programs' termination....
The transition to kindergarten can be challenging for many children who do not have the necessary skills to meet the demands of classroom settings such as paying attention, remembering instructions, and demonstrating self-control. Children who lack the necessary behavioral regulation skills to meet the demands in the classroom environment are...
Research regarding factors that promote high-quality implementation of school-based prevention programs has increased markedly over the past decade as it has become increasingly recognized that evidence-based programs are often not well implemented. Whole-school interventions may be particularly complex to implement because they are intended to involve all school personnel and...
The purpose of this research was to study the
effects of cerebral palsy on the ability to plan and
execute a gross motor movement, as measured by the
fractionation of Simple Reaction Time (SRT) into its
premotor (central) and motor (peripheral) components.
The experimental task required subjects (N = 10...
It’s not always easy to act responsibly. It’s tempting sometimes to lie back and let someone else take over. Or to blame another for what you did. Children are more likely to resist such urges if they learn at a young age that we all have to pitch in and...
The majority of self-concept and sociometric research on crippled
children has been comparative studies in which the disabled child has
been a minority member within a group of physically normal children.
This study takes a different avenue in that it investigated the self-concept and peer reputation of physically handicapped children...
The current study examined relations between temperamental reactivity at 6 months and social competence in first grade, including if emotion regulation at 54 months played a role as mediator and/or moderator between temperamental reactivity and social competence in first grade. Previous studies have shown that children who are high on...
Current prevalence statistics suggest 1 in 88 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (CDC, 2012). ASDs are pervasive developmental disorders characterized by social communicative deficits and restricted interests and behaviors (APA, 2000). Children with ASD also display deficits in motor skills (Green et al., 2002: Pan, Tsai, &...
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________________________________________________________________________
Megan MacDonald
Current prevalence statistics suggest 1 in 88 children are diagnosed
The purpose of this study was to examine the problem solving processes of
Thai gifted students when they solved non-routine mathematical problems. The
research questions guiding the study were: (1) What is the nature of the problem
solving processes that Thai gifted students use as they engage in solving non-routine...
Prior to this investigation few studies had looked at
the impact of equipment design on the creative thinking of
young children while they solved problems. Nor had previous
studies provided support for a clear link between creative
thinking and problem solving. An original piece of problem
solving equipment incorporating creative...
To a large extent, then, we become what we think we are:
Those who think they can do, do.
Those who think they cannot, do not.
This is true for all of us. But it is especially true for young children. The responses of parents and other adults have a...
The purpose of this study was to examine how accurate classroom
teachers' observations are for identifying high and low motor
performances.
In order to assess teacher accuracy in rating motor performance,
an analysis was conducted on students' scores on the Short Form of
the Bruininks - Oseretsky Test of Motor...
Certainly you care about your children. That’s why you’re reading this. And, like most parents, you probably make many sacrifices to feed, clothe, and educate your children. You may brag about them to anyone who will listen. Perhaps you even carry their pictures around to show off to your friends....
Many children with developmental disabilities are not engaging in the recommended amount of daily physical activity (Pan, 2008; Shields, Dodd, & Abblitt, 2009; Whitt-Glover et al., 2006), which can lead to additional health disparities and decreased quality of life for children in this population (Field & Jette, 2007). The relationship...
Schools are continually faced with the challenge of providing students with a comprehensive system of support. Previous research based on the practices and systems of Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS) suggests that having effective primary prevention measures in place can help to reduce problem behavior before it occurs (Ingram,...
Early learning skills, such as executive function (EF), are a key component of healthy development and predict long-term academic success. Yet many children are entering kindergarten without the necessary skills (including EF) that are needed to set them on a successful learning trajectory. Early prekindergarten classrooms that encourage a high...
The self-efficacy construct has been determined to be an effective method of
stimulating desired eating behavior in diabetics and obese adults and exercise behaviors in
pulmonary rehabilitation patients. Although the self-efficacy construct has been shown to
mediate eating habits, practical classroom application of the construct has been rarely used
in...
Systems theory and role theory were used in this study to
develop a management model, integrating the managerial and
psycho-social subsystems of the family system. The integrated theory
and model were used to derive hypotheses concerning whether or not
type of task and actual/relative amount of time spent on household...
This study had two major purposes. The first focused upon understanding the development of aspects of ethnic development among 4- and 7-year-old Chinese-American boys and girls from immigrant and non-immigrant families. The second focused upon understanding the contribution of selected parental (fathers' and mothers') characteristics on aspects of children's ethnic...
This study was designed to assess the relationship of selected
factors to the developmental outcome of fundamental motor
skill performance in young children ages 3 to 6 years residing
in foster or adoptive care, and have a documented history of
prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs. Using an
ecological...
It’s hard to be good
hildren’s misbehavior may mean they are still learning the difference between right and wrong. It could mean they are testing limits or looking for ways to reach out to others.
This study sought to fill a void in research literature supporting Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and the beneficial effects of exposure to natural, green spaces. The literature predominantly discusses studies with adult and older child participants, finding that exposure to natural environments often produces an attention-restoring effect. ART has been...
Childhood obesity is a nationwide concern of which rural, urban, and suburban communities must be aware in order to take action. The goal for the research project, GROW Healthy Kids and Communities (GROW HKC), is to prevent childhood obesity in rural communities through the use of participatory action research and...
The individual through earliest recorded history reveals contradictory views of the
human life-span. "Am I a free and unique individual, able to make choices and decide my
own destiny?, or, "Am I only a victim of circumstance, a speck of dust in the universe's
whirlwind of fate?"
Each view is...
Recent peer relations studies that have included
parents as subjects have pointed to supporting behaviors
performed by parents and their role in the development of
children's peer relations. Findings from these studies
have been similar to explanations of expectation effects.
That is, expectation holders support their expectations by
behaving in...
The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to
which parents and professionals were in agreement prior to and
following intervention regarding their Judgement of the gross motor
abilities of the parents' preschool children.
Each child was tested by a professional on the Ulrich Test of
Gross Motor...
The purposes of this study were to find out about the associations between
hostile attributional bias and aggressive behaviors among preschool-aged children and
to identify possible sources of their hostile attributional bias. Seventy-two
preschoolers with an average age of 4.76 and their mothers acted as participants.
Children's hostile attributional bias...
The ability to establish and maintain balance is claimed to be an important prerequisite of movement tasks. However, despite this general belief, there is limited empirical evidence to support the contribution of balance in motor skill performance. Furthermore, psychometric properties of using a computerized force platform to assess balance ability...
Published October 1953. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This book is written for you, the 4-H Youth Leader. Its purpose is to provide you with practical and effective leadership ideas and tools that you can use with your 4-H club. As a 4-H leader, you'll be helping to guide the development of your club members. Don't be worried...
La discusión los lleva a decir cosas que los ofende y se empujan.
El carrito de Yolanda se voltea y los paquetes de comida se riegan
en todo el suelo de la cochera. Mientras observan el desorden se
acusan el uno al otro, “Tú lo hiciste y le voy a...
Why is problem solving important for families? Naturally, conflicts arise
for children every day. Children who learn to figure out solutions
to their problems are better able to work and play with others. The
ability to solve difficult situations also builds positive self-esteem,
self-confidence, and relationships with others.
Losing a job affects all members of the family. Adults frequently become so preoccupied they forget unemployment has an emotional, as well as financial, impact on their children. Children depend on their parents for emotional security. When parents are tense, upset, and inattentive, much of this security is gone.
Learning how to interact with others is necessary for being a member of any group—family, neighborhood, school, work, or community organization. Through each new encounter we stretch our understanding of ourselves and others. Being able to understand and reach out to others makes us feel needed and competent, a part...
fresh and unique way.
Do you consider yourself a creator or inventor? Creativity is not limited to artists. Everyone has the potential for creativity. For creativity is the ability to:
• Think in imaginative and unique ways
• Look beyond ready-made solutions
• Experiment and gain insight
• Express ideas...
In children as in adults, there is an infinite variety. You can see the differences between your children right from birth. Some babies are quiet. Others cry a lot. Some persist in going after what they want. Others lose interest more quickly. Some sleep all night and eat at regular...
In general, the more love you give your baby, the more lovable he or she will become and the easier it will be for him or her to make friends with other people. A strong attachment to you gives your child the security and confidence to separate from you later...
Traditional studies of parent-child relationships have focused on
the influence of parental characteristics on various behavioral,
social, and personality outcomes in children. During the past decade,
social scientists have suggested that other influences of the social
worlds of individuals be studied. As a result, the parent-child
system is being studied...
In the United States, lead poisoning is one of the most common
childhood diseases, and children of color are disproportionately its
victims. Portland is no different.
Despite federal restrictions on lead use, many low income and children
of color in Portland continue to live, learn and play in lead
contaminated...
Published June 1959. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Background: Mastery of fundamental motor skills (FMS) in childhood is proposed to facilitate participation in physical activity (PA) opportunities, through context-specific application of FMS (Clarke & Metclafe, 2002; Stodden et al., 2008). Children with disabilities
impacting motor skill development thus are at greater risk for low PA participation. Evidence indicates...
The benefits of physical activity (PA) are well established (USDDHS, 2008). Concern over the high rate of childhood obesity, however, has highlighted the emphasis of PA. Yet, children and adolescents are not obtaining the recommended amount of PA (CDC, 2011). Physical education (PE) has been recognized as an important source...
This study addresses how parents communicate with their children about Significant Emotional Events (SEEs). A SEE is an experience that is so mentally engaging as to cause an individual to consider, examine, and possibly change one's initial values or value system. It examines parent's goals, concerns, and values related to...
As increasing numbers of poor children enter child care programs due to changes in work requirements under the Welfare Reform Act, there is a critical need to examine factors that may affect the quality of care that these children receive. One factor that has received limited attention in the literature...
We compared uropathogen antibiotic susceptibility across age groups of ambulatory
pediatric patients. For Escherichia coli (n=5,099) and other Gram-negative rods (n=626), significant
differences (p<0.05) existed across age groups for ampicillin, cefazolin, and
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. In E. coli, differences in
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility varied from 79% in children under 2 to 88%...
The near physical environment is believed to be an integral component in creating quality learning and classroom environments for young children. Free-choice play periods during preschool daily curriculums are a widespread component of preschool early childhood education. Research has demonstrated that the presence of houseplants may be a contributor to...
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a serious
illness and a public health crisis that demands attention. The number
of people affected continues to increase. By the end of 1991, 1,301
Oregonians had been diagnosed with AIDS and 838 had already died.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a
relationship exists between perceived realism of computer
graphic images and the ability of children to solve
spatially related problems. Experiments were performed
using 23 subjects between the ages of 8 and 11 who were
enrolled in an elementary summer school...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an integrated adapted
physical education setting on the motor performance of preschool children with
developmental delays. Subjects in this study participated in segregated and integrated
adapted physical education classes. During the integrated conditions, same-age peers
without delays participated in...
Sleep is an active process that affects an individual's daily functioning and physical and mental health. It is also beneficial for an individual's overall health and well being. Children with autism often have difficulty sleeping. One common complaint from parents of children with autism is that these children lack sufficient...
Child behavior disorders are the second most prevalent form of mental illness affecting children in the United States (Perou et al., 2013), with lifetime prevalence estimated at 10% (Nock, Kazdin, Hiripi & Kessler, 2007). Negative outcomes associated with ODD during childhood and adolescence include conflict in families, poor peer relationships,...
The work of professional school counselors in helping students achieve academically and increasing their college-going rates is significant work. Research indicates that high school and even middle school is often too late for students to begin the process of college and career planning.
This dissertation includes two manuscripts. The first...
Literature on classroom management asserts that the best discipline is preventive, with studies on teacher variables such as empathy or enforcement of consequences, as well as student variables such as peers reporting positive behaviors with group contingencies, among others. However, there is little in the research that specifically targets regular...
Childhood obesity and food insecurity are public health issues that often coexist, and both conditions are more prevalent among rural compared to non-rural populations. Social ecological prevention efforts are recommended, yet limited research has examined how rural family-home environments may influence obesity-preventing and -promoting behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of family size, birth order,
socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual
development.
Seventy-four children, 39 boys and 35 girls, with a mean age of 4 years-8 months,
and their parents (mothers and fathers), selected from 9 preschool...
Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a maj or component contributing to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Evidence exists that a physically active behavior is carried over from childhood to adolescents and possibly to adulthood. Limited research about the physical activity behavior of students with visual impairment is available,...
The purpose of this cross-sectional population study was to provide an assessment of weight status of a county's preschool population utilizing the new growth charts and expressed as Body Mass Index, or BMI, -for- age percentile. This study was conducted in conjunction with an annual health screen for incoming kindergartners...
The focus of this research was to gain an understanding of physical activity in elementary school-aged children with mental retardation (MR). The primary purpose of the first study was to investigate physical activity levels of children with and without MR in both school and out of school environments. The secondary...
Empirical studies and theory have identified many early predictors of children's academic achievement and externalizing problems. Moreover, research shows that children's early cognitive abilities and behavioral problems are strong predictors of later academic achievement and externalizing problems. The current dissertation studies extend previous work and unpack how early predictors relate...
Asthma prevalence in children under age 18 has risen steadily in the U.S. since the mid-1970s. Most researchers attribute this increase to air pollutants, socioeconomic status or urban residence. This study examined asthma prevalence in Lane County, Oregon, using children's asthma hospital discharges (1990-1995), and data from 10 of 16...
Youth today experience high degrees of loss and change, resulting in grief (Goldman, 2001). Little evidence exists of school counselors' academic preparation in grief counseling. The purpose of this research study was to determine how CACREP school counseling programs prepare school counselors in the areas of grief and loss, including...
Executive functions (including attentional shifting/flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control) are strong predictors of children's early school success (Blair & Razza, 2007; Espy et al., 2004). The current study explored questions related to measurement of executive functions in preschool-aged children. Convergent and predictive validity were assessed for two traditional executive...
This research investigated the effect of a literature-based unit on subjects' in primary grades attitudes toward the elderly and aging. The experiment followed a pretest/posttest design; covariates derived from three separate survey portions were compared with respective postmeasure scores.
Other research on young children's attitudes toward aging suggests that ageist...
First Ladies have performed a variety of public and private roles, from presidential escort, hostess, and social advocate to policy maker and presidential advisor. The nature of the position has always been both traditional and gendered, greatly influencing each First Lady's performance. Due to the changing role of women in...
This study examined the relationships among authoritarian
parental attitudes, home environments, parental attitudes
toward the children's freedom, and the cognitive performances
of kindergarten children. Socioeconomic status of the family
and sex of child and parent differences were also examined.
Subjects consisted of 73 pairs of Korean parents and their
children....
The interest in the effects of television violence on children has resulted in
thousands of studies over the last 20 years. Previous research on laughter has
generated many laughter theories and several studies show that laughter may
influence mirth expressions and funniness ratings of material. The purpose of
this study...
The purpose of this study was to determine if certain
identified educational strategies would have an effect on the
success of at-risk students at the secondary level.
Specifically, would school involvement and a mentor program
have an effect on students' attendance, grade point average,
and self-esteem.
An examination of related...
This study compared the effects of two conditions on
the motor development of preschool children and
investigated the relationship between preschool children's
motor development and perceived competence. Specifically,
it provided information for discerning: a) the relative
effects of a sensory-motor condition and an unstructured
activities condition on the motor development...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in physical space
impacted preschool children's cooperative behavior. These changes in physical space
included differentiated and undifferentiated ceiling height and wall color.
This study used an experimental design with subjects experiencing four
conditions each. The sample consisted of 30 preschool...
During and after a disaster, it is important to support children and allay their fears. If fears are not addressed carefully, they may continue long after the disaster has passed. Young children are particularly at risk during these times because of their vulnerability, their lack of understanding, and their difficulty...
This study examined the social and contextual factors that lead to differences in
the way biracial adolescents interpret their racial identity. Using 11 interviews with a sample of biracial youth between the ages of 14 and 17-years-old, this study also explores
the strategies these individuals use to achieve social validation...
Recent research has examined complex relationships between parent and child characteristics and the development of children’s social-emotional competencies. The over-arching objective of the current study was to compare differential patterns of predictability between the individual social-emotional competencies of cooperation, responsibility, and independence, and a social-emotional competency composite, to parental warmth...
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and student involvement among American college sophomore women. Self-esteem is defined as "a positive or negative attitude toward the self" (Rosenberg, 1989, xxviii). Student involvement is defined as the amount of time a student spends actively involved in various activities in college (Astin,...