This document contains a result of a study to determine the role of hatchery-reared winter steelhead in steelhead fisheries. The study examines the contribution of these salmon ‘with respect to’ angling intensity, number of fish stocked, contribution of native stocks, and several other factors. It also investigates survival of hatchery-reared...
An apparent increase in the survival rate of experimental groups of coho salmon was demonstrated after two generations of selective breeding. Recoveries of 2-year-old coho were obtained from experimental groups of interstock and intrastock parent crosses.
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
In August 2011, the final Upper Willamette River basin salmon and steelhead recovery plan was adopted by NOAA Fisheries and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The plan highlights a variety of activities that need to be taken by both public and private entities in order to recover these...
Tuberculosis in salmonoid fishes was first observed in the 1952 run of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. In the studies reported here, tuberculosis was found not only in adult spring chinook but in silver salmon (0. kisutch), blueback salmon (0....
Published September 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The goal of the Oregon Plan is to restore wild coho and wild steelhead runs. Under the federal Endangered Species Act, wild coho salmon along the Oregon Coast are listed as Threatened and wild Oregon Coast steelhead are a candidate for listing. Although cormorants have been hazed at the Nehalem...
Published August 1968. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Part I. To aid in the management of the Tillamook Bay commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1953. General migration behavior, the minimum length of time the fish remained in the fishery, population sizes, and fishing mortalities were determined from...
The report summarizes basin level accomplishments and investments related to water quality improvements, fish recovery, and watershed
health. The report also provides an overview of state agency actions
and recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the Oregon
Plan.
This is the fourth report on the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The first three reports focused on people – their
stories and their efforts to restore watershed health and recover listed fish species. While these earlier reports contained
what little information was available regarding the quantitative aspects of...
Three experiments were designed to determine if and how steelhead trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss, may affect chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha, when they are
confined together as in a raceway or on a barge. We observed groups of chinook and
steelhead together and groups of only chinook in a behavioral experiment to...
Anglers and naturelovers prize steelhead trout for their mystique and power. Oregon has two subspecies of steelhead (so-called because of the metallic appearance of maturing adults) or rainbow trout: a coastal form and an inland form.
Published November 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Visual estimation techniques were used to quantify habitat characteristics,
habitat type (pool, riffle) use and longitudinal distribution of steelhead
(Oncorhynchus mykiss), cutthroat trout (0. clarki), and coho salmon (0. kisutch)
in spring, summer and fall in 8.8 km of Cummins Creek, a basin in the central coast
of Oregon. Fish...
I examined the relative roles of biotic and abiotic factors in structuring redband trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss distributions in the South Fork John Day. I first examined the
relationship between the biological traits of the fish assemblage and riparian-geomorphic features in context of prevailing theories of stream ecology stemming from the...
This report the sizes for winter steelhead runs of the Willamette River and many of its tributaries from 1958-69, giving numbers and suggesting possible reasons for small runs.
Results of the first year of the Deschutes summer steelhead ecology and hatchery assessment. “This report covers the first year of a study of Deschutes summer steelhead ecology and factors limiting efficiency of hatchery production of summer steelhead smolts” (Contents).
Snorkel dive estimates and an inventory of stream habitat of the juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population in the Steamboat Creek basin were made in the summers of 1987 and 1988. Emigration was
monitored by fish trapping from spring through fall of 1988. Distribution, abundance, and habitat utilization of juvenile steelhead...
To best manage Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery and minimize any negative impacts that the current hatchery program may be having on Endangered Species Act-listed salmonids in the Eagle Creek Basin, I determined if wild fish are being displaced from preferred habitats by hatchery salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. This thesis had...
"This workshop was held to allow both research and management fish biologists to openly discuss the results of several ongoing projects designed to improve the way Oregon manages its steelhead populations." (from the Introduction) The report uses an extended abstract format.
Published Fall 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Mimeographed copy of a report, presumably to the Oregon State Game Commission. Includes maps and original b+w photographs of Rogue River dams, fishways, and fishing in the late 1920s. The author was extremely frank about the issues of the day, particularly law enforcement issues.
This study provides an empirical test of the Bockstael-McConnell
(1980) household production function (HPF) framework for evaluating wildlife recreation. This is perhaps the first study in which
both taste and technology parameters have been estimated with a
theoretical model specification. The results suggest that for
steelhead sport fishing in Oregon,...
Sympatric steelhead and resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are known
to exist in many rivers throughout the Pacific Rim. Whether sympatric steelhead and
resident rainbow trout are polymorphisms within a single gene pool or two reproductively
isolated populations has significant implications concerning the study and conservation of
this polytypic species....
A number of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations are at risk throughout Oregon, including five populations that are federally listed as threatened or endangered. However, little is known about behavior and survival of these fish as they transition from freshwater to seawater. We investigated whether estuarine survival varies on a temporal...
The Ocean Salmon Management Program is responsible for obtaining fishery and biological data, analyzing these data and recommending appropriate management options for the ocean fisheries. Proposed management options are designed to achieve the optimum use of the salmon resource on a sustained basis. The ocean salmon recreational fishery is now...
Water temperature is an important measure of water quality, as well as a dominant factor affecting aquatic life within the stream environment. Elevated water temperatures can decrease the survival rate of fish in each life stage. Cold water species, such as salmonids, are particularly susceptible to elevated water temperatures. For...
The School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, conducted three cruises (May 19-June 2, June 7-22, and September 4-14) in 1982 to study the distribution, abundance, migration, growth and feeding habits of juvenile salmonids during their first summer in the ocean. This is the second year we have had a series...
This study examined features of deep pool (>0.8 m mean depth) used by
adult summer steelhead in Steamboat Creek (1991-1992). Steamboat Creek had
a heterogenous thermal profile, with some segments exceeding preferred
temperature of steelhead. Deep pools were scarce (4% of the total habitat units)
and 39% of them were...
Releasing hatchery reared salmon and steelhead to supplement threatened and endangered populations is a widely used conservation tool. One issue with this strategy is hatchery fish have lower reproductive fitness than wild fish when spawning in the wild. One of the drivers of fitness loss in steelhead is adaptation to...
Published March 1972. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Steelhead and rainbow trout are common names for marine-migratory (anadromous) and freshwater-resident forms of Oncorhynchus mykiss, a partially migratory salmonid fish. Anadromous and resident forms are sympatric and can produce offspring with a life history different from their own (i.e., steelhead parents can produce rainbow trout offspring and vice versa)....
In spite of the progressive restrictions of the commercial river fishery during the past fifty years, the trend of the salmon populations of the coastal rivers has been downward. It is almost impossible to isolate and analyze separately the causes of this decline, and any attempt to saddle one factor...
The Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (IMST) convened 19 regional leaders in salmon management and research in a workshop on Goals for Recovery of Oregon Coastal Native (OCN) Stocks on August 4-5, 1999. The main purposes of the workshop were to 1) define the concept of recovery and 2) to identify...
Coho salmon have been the most important variety of salmon caught commercially in Oregon. Until recently, coho were also the most common variety in most coastal streams. Based on records from salmon canneries, coho in Oregon north of Cape Blanco (near Port Orford) numbered about 1.25 million adults annually 100...
Trapping migrating steelhead trout smolts was done in the spring and early summer of 1993 as part of the 1990 Umpqua National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. Calf Creek was monitored to "validate smolt output estimates" and to "determine if changes in habitat quality are occurring." (Introduction)
Trapping migrating steelhead trout smolts was done in the spring and early summers of 1991 and 1992 as part of the 1990 Umpqua National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. Calf Creek was monitored to "validate smolt output estimates" and to "determine if changes in habitat quality are occurring." (Introduction)
This study was undertaken to determine if strontium chloride could be used to create a trans-generational otolith mark in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I completed two strontium injection trials and a survey of juvenile steelhead from various steelhead hatcheries. The two trials measured Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths in response to injections...
I conducted a study to identify potential spawning habitat for anadromous salmonids above a 60-year-old hydropower dam in the headwaters of the North Umpqua River in Oregon. Like many other historical salmonid-bearing rivers, little documentation exists for anadromous fish presence above potential natural obstacles upstream of Soda Springs Dam. My...
In addition to standard spawning surveys for coho salmon, this report contains additional sampling in the Yaquina River, at the Salmon River Hatchery and tributaries of Coos Bay "to document straying of private hatchery coho salmon from the Oregon Aqua-Foods (OAF) facility at South Beach, Yaquina Bay, and Anadromous, Inc.,...
The ex-vessel coho salmon market has been paid scant attention
in the study of the salmon resources. This study is an attempt to
advance an understanding of the variations of ex-vessel prices and
landings during the coho season as well as between the various coastal
ports where the fish is...
Three factors were found to be significantly correlated with the fluctuations and trends in silver salmon production in Oregon. Logging was found to adversely affect the runs of salmon in later years. Exceptional winter floods seem to produce poor resulting runs. Low summer water flows also appear to produce lower...
Recent successes of hatcheries in producing coho salmon have stimulated searches for additional hatchery locations in coastal watersheds. In the past hatcheries were designed with gravity flow water supplies, but in more recent years pumping the water has proven feasible. Because of the acceptance of pumping, naturally impounded waters are...
Historic changes that have taken place on Oregon's commercial
salmon fisheries are described in terms of their effects on the efficiency
of fishermen. This historical analysis provides a background
for comparative efficiency studies of Columbia River gillnetters and
ocean trollers with the objective of determining which harvester
group was more...
"Kokanee salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), are well distributed over much of central and eastern Oregon but are relative newcomers to lakes along the Oregon coast. Kokanee were first introduced into coastal waters in 1952 when 51,802 fry were planted in Woahink Lake, a few miles south of Florence. So far...
For the first objective of this thesis, we attempt to understand the role of water flow and directionality in determining steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and spring/summer and fall Chinook (O. tschawytscha) migration patterns within the Columbia River Estuary and plume by integrating recent advances in biotelemetry and environmental observation and forecasting...
Tidal wetland channels provide rearing habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon as they emigrate from freshwater habitat and prepare to enter the ocean. Widespread diking and drainage of estuarine marshes for agricultural and urban development may have contributed to a decline in salmon abundance in the Pacific Northwest, prompting efforts to...
This report summarizes the 1979 ocean salmon fishing season off the Oregon coast. Troll fishery landings were obtained directly from commercial fish receiving tickets supplemented with a survey of fish buyers to obtain the most up-to-date estimate of total landings. Recreational catch and effort were obtained from creel census survey...
The Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (Oregon) was built between 1957 and 1964. As a result the anadromous steelhead trout was extirpated from the upper Deschutes Basin by 1968. The Deschutes Basin is a model for instream flow restoration projects in the Pacific Northwest that are largely driven by the...
Re-establishing connectivity is a primary restoration activity for enhancing the
recovery of migratory fishes, but actions are often limited by lack of funds and
understanding of the benefits of individual projects. The objective of this study was to
develop a Bayesian Network (BN) to assess priorities for restoration of aquatic...
Diseases caused by parasites are recognized as significant sources of mortality in wild fish populations. I assessed the impacts of multispecies parasitism on a threatened stock of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). A crucial prerequisite to this research was proper identification of parasites, which can be difficult for species lacking...
This information report contains the results of a program to distribute surplus fry to streams underutilized by the natural population. It discusses the stocking and evaluation procedures, and gives the results.
This study was performed in response to doubts about the reliability of the database in place at ODFW. It consisted of surveys to verify if Chinook salmon were using the habitats previously identified and looks for discrepancies between summer habitat inventory and fall Chinook spawners. A large portion of the...
I examined habitat electivity and movement patterns of adult spring chinook salmon at microhabitat and channel unit spatial scales, and seasonal to annual temporal scales in seven streams in the Grande Ronde, John Day, and Imnaha basins. The objective was to compare habitat use and availability among streams, channel units,...
Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Partial migration is a common migratory behavior where some individuals in a population migrate and others do not. Patterns of partial migration can vary dramatically, especially for species that inhabit a wide range of environments. I described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead...
The effects of sublethal concentrations of kraft mill effluents
(KME) on the growth, food consumption, and swimming ability of
juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum),
were studied from February 1966 to May, 1967.
The KME used in these studies was obtained from two pulp and
paper mills producing paper from...
A study of the scales of Umpqua River spring chinook salmon was made from mid-September to December 1, 1951. The study was undertaken to determine the age composition and probable life history of spring Chinooks in this river. The study was made at the Oregon State College Fisheries Research Laboratory...
A 22 ha, 1S yeas old, diked permanent pasture in the Salmon River estuary in Lincoln County, Oregon, was chosen for a study to determine the potential for natural salt marsh restoration with dike breaching. Two undiked fragments of relatively undisturbed salt marsh, one at each end of the study...
Project AFS 31 Final report The final report of a study to determine whether discrete races of summer steelhead races exist in the Rogue River, and if so to isolate each race in terms of life history and ecological behavior, including such points as time of entry, seasonal positioning and...
A random utility model of trip demand for steelhead fishing is constructed by using a logit regression technique and data from the 1990 Oregon Angler Survey, conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The model is formulated to estimate demand when only the regional destination is known. Results...
Artificial propagation has been a prominent part of the management of salmonids in Oregon since the late 1800s, and will continue to have an important role to play in the recovery of wild stocks of anadromous salmonids in Oregon. Hatcheries and reviews of hatchery programs have been controversial and are...
An aspect of the genetic structure of coastal Oregon steelhead was
explored and found to gradually change in a north to south pattern for the
allelic frequencies of several enzymes. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and
superoxide dehydrogenase were the clearest examples of this pattern of
variation. This pattern was most evident in...
"The Siletz River ... is the only short coastal stream in Oregon inhabited by a run of what are generally thought to be native summer steelhead. Hatchery-reared progeny from Siletz River stock have been released into and have become established in two other Oregon coastal streams, the Nestucca and Wilson...
The author collected scales from angler-caught steelhead trout during the winter of 1941-1942. This data was supplemented with data from commercially gill-netted steelhead collected January 30-February 28, 1942. Most fish came from the lower Tillamook Bay or the lower Wilson River. The author examined size, growth pattern, age and sex,...
The evolution and maintenance of multiple phenotypes within populations is an interesting evolutionary and ecological question, and is becoming increasingly important for the restoration and conservation of partially migratory species. In particular, why individuals adopt a particular phenotype has been the focus of numerous research efforts. In the partially migratory...
"The Oregon Fish Commission received a contract from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, under the Saltonstall-Kennedy Act for a study to develop methods for determining the behavior of juvenile salmonids in reservoirs. The study, consisting of a literature survey and field program, was conducted...
Natural and gabion modified habitats containing coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) were observed and measured seasonally in East
Fork Lobster Creek, a fifth order stream in western Oregon. Coho
salmon usually inhabited backwater and secondary channel pools in
winter. Large wood debris complexes and undercut banks were the
primary sources of...
Juvenile coho salmon (101-400 mm) were sampled by
purse seine off the Pacific Coast from Waatch Point,
Washington to Four Mile Creek, Oregon, out to 30 mi
offshore, during the months of May, June, and September in
1982 and 1983. Sea surface temperature, surface salinity,
surface chlorophyll-a concentration, and Secchi...
Published August 1992. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
"Final report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Funds supporting this study have been provided by Region 10 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA."
The interest in collecting hydrographical data on Salmon River began as part of a generalized search for suitable hatchery sites on coastal streams in 1967. Because of the realization that the Salmon River did have significant potential for a hatchery, additional data have been collected in the intervening years. A...
Several types of instream structures were evaluated for their
potential to provide rearing habitat and to increase reach carrying
capacity for steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Evaluation was
conducted in each season over the course of 1 year.
Blast pools created in bedrock glides increased the carrying
capacity of stream reaches...
Estuarine residence and growth of juvenile chum salmon
(Oncorhynchus keta) from Netarts Bay, Oregon were estimated
from daily-formed growth increments of sagittal otoliths
which are distinguishable from accretion patterns formed
during freshwater residence. Estuarine residence time was
inversely related to the average size at which juvenile chum
salmon entered Netarts...
As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which...
Private hatchery operations continued in 1973 and 1974 on more of an experimental than production basis. For 1973-brood chums, OSU increased their production at Whiskey Creek to a release of 761,000 fry and the state sold 247,500 eggs to private operators. AduIt returns to Whiskey Creek in 1973 were encouraging...
Chinook salmon are the largest of any of the salmon in Oregon. Mature fish range from less than 2 pounds to more than 70 pounds. In the late 1800s, chinook salmon were almost the only species taken for canning in the Columbia River, with production peaking at 43 million pounds...
Increasing the abundance of salmon in coastal Oregon rivers and streams is a high priority public policy objective. Salmon runs have been reduced from pre-development conditions (typically defined as the 1 850s), but it is unclear by how much. Considerable resources have been allocated to restoring salmon runs, but it...
"The Willamette River has the largest runs of spring chinook salmon of any tributary of the Columbia River rising in Oregon. The run to the Willamette is most unique in that the migrating fish pass up the river through Portland, a city of several hundred thousand people, and support a...